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Transcript
Impact or Science in Bow Hunting Bow hunting is a calming yet satisfying sport. In this assignment, I will demonstrate some understanding of how Gravity, momentum, and air resistance affects the sport, how it has changed through out history, and how all three of Newton laws can be applied to the sport of Bow Hunting. The bow and arrow is one of the oldest used projectile weapons in history. It been used as far back as 30,000 years B.C.E, and through out the middle ages and time. Specifically, being used for hunting. In modern times, the bow’s design has been improved and so has the arrows. There are two bows that will be mentioned, the English Longbow and the Compound bow, first the differences. The Long bow features a simple design, a 72-inch wooden limb with a silk or hemp string, while the Compound bow features a 32-inch metal alloy limb, and a polyester string. Because it was created during modern times The compound bow feature a levering system, usually of cables and pulleys, to bend the limbs. Because of these pulleys, it is easier to maximize the energy storage through out the draw cycle, which means there is less holding weight at full draw than a common English longbow. This was a problem as back than as a full grown man had trouble holding a fully drawn bow for more than 5 seconds, and as of now its much easier to do so. This is due to the change of leverage and mechanical advantage and because of this, the compound bow shoots further, harder, and faster. The compound bow is now used when hunting, instead of the normal long bow, because it is easier to use. A number of attachments can be added to the compound bow while the normal longbow doesn’t feature any attachments. The traditional longbow is made form common woods found in the area, while the modern compound bow is made from metal alloy which increases its resistance to temperatures. Because of this it gives the compound bow a more superior accuracy, velocity, and distance than bows like the long bow which is made from natural materials. There are three key factors which affects bow hunting; gravity, momentum, and air resistance, I will first talk about gravity. On Earth gravity gives weight to physical objects and causes the tides. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 downward, this affects how far the shooter will have to aim up in order for the arrow to hit its target, in this case the deer. The very instant the arrow has been shot from the bow it begins to accelerate towards the ground, but first rises above the ground. All arrows when shot fly in a “arch” hence the name archery, it begins its flight in an upward angle, hits its peek, and begins to arch its way down until it either hits the ground or its target. The longer it is in flight the faster it will take to fall towards the earth. If you compare a 326 and a 580 grain arrow fall when shooting from 20m, the 580 grain arrow will have the most drop. This isn’t dude to air resistance as they both experience the same initial resistance, but because the 580 grain arrow is much heavier it will be much slower when flying. Because of this the arrow had more time to accelerate towards the earth than the lighter and faster arrow. The momentum of an object is determined by its product of its mass times it velocity. Velocity is used instead of speed because momentum is a vector quantity, because it is its speed of the object and direction times its mass. Momentum is calculated using the formula: But there is a different formula used when talking about arrows: When the arrow first leaves the bow, its mass continues to have an affect other than its initial velocity. Using Newton’s second law F=MA, we can show that the force (air resistance) is directly proportional to the mass of the arrow and how quickly it slows down. Because of this the heavier arrow will begin with more energy and momentum and will stay with a higher percentage of its energy and momentum downrange. When the arrow hits the deer, it loses all of it momentum and energy, and encounter more resistance from fluid, flesh and bone due to friction. Which will be much higher than the air resistance slowing or stopping the arrow on hit. The higher the momentum the higher the penetration potential of the arrow. All three of newton’s laws can be described when bow hunting. Inertia plays a part of shooting a bow, and has been used to the shooters advantage thanks to modern times. A stabilizer is a term for weights which is added to a compound bow which increases stability. It helps reduce movement on release by increasing the moment of Inertia of the bow. Because of this it minimizes a sort of movement after each shot, which than makes the hunter more precise if he/she needs to retake a shot. Now for Newton’s third law: “For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. “ This comes in terms when using a bow, as when your pulling on the bow string as an action, the bow string will spring back forward as a reaction. In order to make the arrow move forward, your going to have to pull the string and let go. When you do that you feel the reaction force on your hand, if you don’t prepare against it, the force will stagger you making you miss your shot. In conclusion modern times has been nothing but beneficial to bow hunting as it has made it far more useful than ever before. Because of this the bow it self has revolutionized in a way which makes it much easier to deliver a killing shot and much easier to actually hit our target. This also comes in terms with Newton’s laws as we use inertia to our advantage by adding stabilizers for increase precision, and for calculating the penetrating potential of an arrow by findings its momentum or kinetic energy. Bibliography 1. "Kinetic Energy, Momentum and Arrows: A Simplified Approach." Kinetic Energy, Momentum and Arrows: A Simplified Approach. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 2. "Medieval versus Modern Archery - Dan Koboldt." Dan Koboldt. 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 3. "Physics of Archery." Real World Physics Problems. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 4. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 5. "Newton's Three Laws of Motion." Newton's Three Laws of Motion. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 6. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 7. "Acceleration of Gravity." Acceleration of Gravity. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 8. "Understanding How Arrows Drop." Understanding How Arrows Drop. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 9. "Arrow Momentum Quick Reference Chart." Arrow Momentum Quick Reference Chart. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 10. "Arrow Kinetic Energy and Momentum: What They Mean to the Archer." Arrow Kinetic Energy and Momentum: What They Mean to the Archer. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 11. "Drag Coefficients of Bullets, Arrows, and Spears - Technical Archery." Drag Coefficients of Bullets, Arrows, and Spears - Technical Archery. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 12. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Nov. 2015. 13. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.