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Download ap review: chapters 36-40
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May 07, 2011 Three functions of the digestive system: Fourth and Ten Part B Chapters 36-40 INGEST FOOD ELIMINATE BREAK IT DOWN WHAT CAN'T SO NUTRIENTS BE CAN BE DIGESTED ABSORBED TWO TYPES OF DIGESTION: Mechanical Digestion occurs when you physically break down food into smaller pieces, prepares the food for chemical digestion. We start off using our teeth.... Chemical Digestion: when enzymes are used to break the bonds between molecules so that nutrients become small enough to be absorbed. 1 What are you on the scale (1-10) of flossing? (Choose any whole number between 1-10) 1 = never floss 2 = right before going to the dentist 5 = every once in awhile 10 = after every meal following brushing my teeth! May 07, 2011 ESOPHAGUS: muscular tube that connects pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis: wave-like contractions used to push the food towards the stomach. 2 Chemical digestion begins in the 3 ____ increase surface area for nutrient absorption. A esophagus B stomach A Lacteals C pharynx B Microvilli D None of the above C Epithelial cells D None of these are correct 4 If trypsin is absent from pancreatic juice, ____ cannot be properly digested. 5 The lack of ____ activity would result in failure to maintain water balance. A starch A small intestinal B glucose B large intestinal C fat C gall bladder D protein D stomach May 07, 2011 6 Which association is incorrect? A mouth -- starch digestion B esophagus -- protein digestion C small intestine -- starch, lipid, protein digestion D stomach -- food storage Macronutrients E liver -- production of bile Micronutrients 7 The amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called essential. Nonessential amino acids A can be produced by the body B are needed only occasionally C are stored in the body until needed D are required in smaller amount 9 Hypertension can be a result of 8 Osteoporosis can be a result of A too little calcium B too much calcium C artificial fat D lack of iron E too little vitamin A 10 Which of the following are often organic portions of important coenzymes? A too little calcium B too much calcium A minerals C artificial fat B proteins D lack of iron C vitamins D carbohydrates E too much sodium E skittles May 07, 2011 Name it when the arrow stops! Ping Pong! Step 2: Circulation Step 3: Step 4: Cellular Respiration 11 Name the structure: lined with cilia A alveoli B bronchial tree C mouth D larynx E pharynx F trachea G nose May 07, 2011 12 Name the structure: where all exchange occurs 13 Name the structure: filters, moistens, warms A alveoli A alveoli B bronchial tree B bronchial tree C mouth C mouth D larynx D larynx E pharynx E pharynx F trachea F trachea G nose G nose 14 Name the structure: voice box 15 Name the structure: air and food passageway A alveoli A alveoli B bronchial tree B bronchial tree C mouth C mouth D larynx D larynx E pharynx E pharynx F trachea F trachea G nose G nose 16 The amount of air moved into and out of the lungs during regular breathing is known as the A vital capacity B tidal volume C residual volume D None of these are correct May 07, 2011 17 Which of these is mismatched? 18 One advantage of urea excretion over uric acid excretion is that urea A insects--excrete uric acid B humans--excrete urea A requires less energy than uric acid to form C fishes--excrete ammonia D birds--excrete ammonia B can be concentrated to a greater extent E All of these are correct. C is not a toxic substance D requires no water to excrete E is a larger molecule 19 Freshwater bony fishes maintain water balance by A excreting salt across their gills B periodically drinking small amounts of water C excreting a hypotonic urine D excreting wastes in the form of uric acid E Both a and c are correct May 07, 2011 20 The presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes an individual to excrete A less salt B less water C more water D more salt E Both a and c are correct 21 In humans, water is A found in the glomerular filtrate B reabsorbed from the nephron C in the urine D reabsorbed from the collecting duct E All of these are correct 22 By what process are most molecules secreted from the blood into the distal convoluted tubule? A osmosis B diffusion C active transport D facilitated diffusion May 07, 2011 The Synapse Ligand-gated sodium channels as opposed to voltage-gated channels. The ligand can be acetylcholine 23 Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse? A more sodium ions (Na+) outside and fewer potasium (K+) ions inside B K+ outside and Na+ inside C charged protein outside; Na+ and K + inside D Na+ and K+ outside and water only inside E Ca ++ inside and outside May 07, 2011 24 Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by 25 Synaptic vesicles are A at the ends of dendrites and axons A inward diffusion of Na+ B active extrusion of K+ C outward diffusion of K+ D inward active transport of Na+ B at the ends of axons only C along the length of all long fibers D at the ends of interneurons only E Both b and d are correct 26 Transmission of the nerve impulse across a synapse is accomplished by A the release of Na+ at the presynaptic membrane B the release of neurotransmitters at the postsynaptic membrane C the reception of neurotransmitters at the postsynaptic membrane D Only a and c are correct 27 A spinal nerve takes nerve impulses A to the CNS B away from the CNS C both to and away from the CNS D only inside the CNS E only from the cerebrum May 07, 2011 28 The autonomic system has two divisions, called 29 A sensory receptor A is the first portion of a reflex arc A the CNS and PNS B inititates nerve impulses B the somatic and skeletal systems C responds to only one type of stimulus C the efferent and afferent systems D is associated with a sensory neuron D the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions E all of these are correct May 07, 2011 30 Which association is incorrect? A taste buds -- humans 31 Which of these wouldn't you mention if you were tracing the part of sound vibrations? B compound eye -- arthropods A auditory canal C camera-type eye -- squid B tympanic membrane D statocysts -- sea starts C semicircular canals E chemoreceptors -- planaria D cochlea E ossicles 32 The adjustment of the lens to focus on objects close to the viewer is called A convergence B accomodation C focusing D constriction E old person 40 DONE WITH THE FIRST FORTY CHAPTERS!
