Download Operant Conditioning

OPERANT
CONDITIONING
Skinner and Mice
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING VS
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Respondent
Behavior

Actions that are
AUTOMATIC
responses to a
stimulus
Operant Behavior

Behavior that
operates on the
environment to
produce rewarding or
punishing stimuli
OPERANT CONDITIONING
A
type of learning in which
behavior is strengthened if
followed by a reinforcer or
diminished if followed by a
punisher
THORNDIKE’S LAW OF EFFECT

When a behavior is rewarded, it continues and
when a behavior is punished, it discontinues
B.F. SKINNER

Behaviorist

Skinner Box
Lever for food - Recorded for Accumulated Responses
 Pigeons – Mice

REINFORCER
 Any
event that strengthens –
increases the frequency of - a
preceding response

Reinforcers Can be
Tangible
Praise or Attention
Activity

TYPES OF REINFORCERS
 Primary
Reinforcers


Reinforcers


Examples
Unlearned
Examples –
 Secondary

 Immediate
Learned
Examples
 Delayed

Examples
FOUR POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES

Something Good can start or be presented;
Something Good can end or be taken away;
Something Bad can start or be presented;
Something Bad can end or be taken away.
Which is punishment?
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Positive
(something
added)
Negative
(something
removed)
Punishment
(behavior decreases)
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Positive
(something
added)
Negative
(something
removed)
Positive Reinforcement:
Something added increases
behavior
Punishment
(behavior decreases)
Positive
(something
added)
Negative
(something
removed)
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Punishment
(behavior decreases)
Positive Reinforcement:
Something added increases
behavior
Positive Punishment
Something added decreases behavior
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Punishment
(behavior decreases)
Positive
(something
added)
Positive Reinforcement:
Something added increases
behavior
Positive Punishment
Something added decreases behavior
Negative
(something
removed)
Negative Reinforcement
Something removed increases
behavior
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Punishment
(behavior decreases)
Positive
(something
added)
Positive Reinforcement:
Something added increases
behavior
Positive Punishment
Something added decreases behavior
Negative
(something
removed)
Negative Reinforcement
Something removed increases
behavior
Negative Punishment
Something removed decreases behavior
NEGATIVES OF USING PUNISHMENT
 Punished
behavior is suppressed not
forgotten
 Punishment
teaches discrimination
 Punishment
can teach fear
 Physical
punishment may increase
aggression
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENTS
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES/
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENTS
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENTS
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENTS
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENTS
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES