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Biology Biology September 21, 2012 The Chemistry of Life Biology September 21, 2012 Elements* of Life 96% of living organisms is made of: carbon (C) oxygen (O) hydrogen (H) nitrogen (N) What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat? *an element is a type of an atom 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 Molecules of Life 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 Why do we eat? Put C, H, O, N together in different ways to build living organisms What are bodies made of? We eat to take in more of these chemicals Food for building materials to make more of us (cells) for growth for repair carbohydrates sugars & starches Food to make energy proteins fats (lipids) nucleic acids ATP calories to make ATP DNA, RNA 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 What do we need to eat? Biology September 21, 2012 Don’t forget water Foods to give you more building blocks & more energy Water 65% of your body is H2O water is inorganic for building & running bodies carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids vitamins minerals, salts water Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison H2O doesn’t contain carbon Rest of you is made of carbon molecules organic molecules carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 1 Biology Biology September 21, 2012 Biology September 21, 2012 Building large molecules of life Chain together smaller molecules How do we get these molecules? building block molecules = monomers We build them! Big molecules built from little molecules polymers 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 Building large organic molecules 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars Small molecules = monomers sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar Proteins = built from amino acids Bond them together = polymer aa – aa – aa – aa – aa – aa Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison Biology September 21, 2012 How to build large molecules Biology September 21, 2012 How to take large molecules apart Synthesis Digestion building bigger molecules from smaller molecules building cells & bodies taking big molecules apart getting raw materials for synthesis & growth making energy (ATP) repair growth reproduction for synthesis, growth & everyday functions + + ATP ATP Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 2 Biology Biology September 21, 2012 Example of digestion Biology September 21, 2012 Example of synthesis ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP starch ATP glucose amino acids Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids ATP Starch is digested to glucose Mr. Harrison September 21, 2012 2012-2013 Biology Old Food Pyramid Mr. Harrison protein Mr. Harrison amino acids = monomers protein = polymer September 21, 2012 2012-2013 Biology New Food Pyramid 2012-2013 Mr. Harrison 2012-2013 3
