Download 8th Grade Science STAAR Review Category 3: Earth and Space

8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
The student will demonstrate an understanding of components, cycles, patterns, and natural events of
Earth and space systems.
TEKS 8.7A model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and
revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons Readiness Standard
Label the diagram of Earth below using the word bank.
Short Days
Long Days
Direct sunlight
Indirect sunlight
Little change in daylight hours & temperature
Label the seasons in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere on the diagram below.
Summary
1. Day and night are caused by the _______________ of Earth.
2. The length of day in different hemispheres is caused by the _______________ of Earth.
3. Seasons are caused by the _______________ and _______________ of Earth.
revolution
tilt
rotation
tilt
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.7B demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle Readiness Standard
Label the diagram of the phases of the moon below.
True or False
1. T or F A waxing moon is increasing in light.
5. T or F A gibbous moon is more than half lit.
2. T or F A waxing moon is lit on the left side.
6. T or F A waning moon is increasing in light.
3. T or F A crescent moon is more than half lit.
7. T or F A waning moon is lit on the left side.
4. T or F If A full moon occurs on November 15th, the next full moon will be about December 1st.
TEKS 8.7C relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides Supporting Standard
Label high and low tide around the Earth.
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
1. Label the 2 pictures above as either spring or neap tide.
2. What 2 moons phases do spring tides occur during? ____________________________________
3. What 2 moons phases do neap tides occur during? _____________________________________
4. What is the tidal range for spring tides? ______________________________________________
5. What is the tidal range for neap tides? _______________________________________________
6. How often to spring tides occur? ___________________________________________________
7. How often to neap tides occur? ____________________________________________________
TEKS 8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models
such as the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for classification Readiness Standard
Fill in the diagram below using the word bank.
Galaxy
Moon
Planet
Solar System
Universe
Star
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
Match the vocabulary word with its proper definition.
Nebula
all of space and the matter that makes it up.
Galaxy
a large grouping of stars in space
Universe
huge, hot gas ball, trillions of kilometers away.
Star
a large cloud of dust and gas in space that forms a star.
Label the 3 types of galaxies: spiral elliptical, and irregular
Label the diagram of a star’s life cycle using the word bank below.
Black dwarf
Protostar
black hole
red giant
neutron star
supernova
main sequence star
white dwarf
nebula
planetary nebula
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
Use the HR Diagram to answer the questions below.
1. What 2 characteristics are used to plot a star on the HR Diagram? _________________________
2. Which group of stars is burning hydrogen? ___________________________________________
3. Which group of stars is luminous but low in temperature? _______________________________
4. Which group of stars is not luminous but high in temperature? ___________________________
TEKS 8.8B recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars
and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star Supporting Standard
1. If there are stars larger than the sun, why does the sun appear so much larger in Earth’s sky?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Is the sun considered a small, medium, or massive star? _________________________________
3. What group of stars would the sun be classified with on the HR Diagram? __________________
4. Place an “X” on the diagram below to show the relative location of the sun in the Milky Way.
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.8C explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio
waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of components in the universe
Supporting Standard
Label the diagram of an electromagnetic wave below.
1. _______________ emit all 7 types of electromagnetic waves.
2. Astronomers use different _______________ to detect the different types of electromagnetic
waves.
3. Waves with a _______________ wavelength have _______________ frequency and low
_______________.
4. Waves with a short _______________ have high _______________ and _______________
energy.
high
telescopes
energy
long
frequency
low
wavelength
stars
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.8D
model and describe how light years are used to measure distances and sizes in the universe Supporting
Standard
Use the model and data table below to answer the questions.
Star
Distance from the Sun
Ross 154
9.4 Light Years
Eridani
10.8 Light Years
Procyon
10.4 Light Years
1. Which letter represents Procyon? _____
2. Which letter represents Eridani? _____
3. Which letter represents Ross 154? _____
4. What does a light year measure? ___________________________________________________
5. Why do astronomers use light years? ________________________________________________
TEKS 8.9A describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory Supporting
Standard
Under each year, place the theory that was developed, the name of the scientist, and the pieces of
evidence used to support the theory using the word bank below.
1912
1929
1968
1962
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
3.
Dan McKenzie
Arthur Holmes
Alfred Wegener
Harry Hess
Sea Floor Spreading
Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics
Convection Currents
Similar fossils, mountains, & minerals
Difference in temperature within the mantle
Mid-ocean ridges found along the ocean floor
Lithosphere plates move along asthenosphere
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.9B relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features Readiness Standard
Fill in the T chart below using the word bank.
Convergent
Divergent
plates slide
plates collide
fault lines
mid-ocean ridges
volcanoes
earthquakes
plates divide
Transform
mountains
new ocean crust
Label the lithosphere and asthenosphere in the picture below.
1. Which layer above do convection currents take place in? ________________________________
2. Which layer above is considered Earth’s tectonic plates? ________________________________
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.9C interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and
predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering Readiness Standard
What is the contour interval?
______________
What do the contour lines do
when they cross the Green
River?
_________________________
____
Which mountain has an old
volcanic crater at its
top?_____________________
_________________________
________
What is the elevation of point
A?_______________________
__
Which side of Fire Mountain is the steepest?_________________________________________________
What is the elevation of point B?_________________________________________
If you walk from point E to D would you be walking uphill or downhill?__________________________
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.10A recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere
and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents Supporting Standard
X
1. What type of air rises, warm or cool? ________________________________________________
2. What type of air sinks, warm or cool? _______________________________________________
3. What type of pressure is associated with sinking air? ___________________________________
4. What type of pressure is associated with rising air? ____________________________________
5. What are the conditions like at location X on the picture? _______________________________
6. What is this process of rising and sinking called? _______________________________________
7. What is the source of energy that causes this process? __________________________________
8. Convection is due to a difference in _________________________________________________
9. Convection not only happens in the air, but in the __________________ & _________________.
10. Convection causes _______________ in the ocean and the _______________ to move in the
mantle.
TEKS 8.10B identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using
weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts Supporting Standard
Label the type of front next to the symbol on the picture below.
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
Identify the type of front picture below.
Answer the questions using the weather map below.
1. What type of weather would Texas be experiencing near the high pressure? ________________
2. What type of weather would Nevada (NV) be experiencing near the low pressure? ___________
3. What is the current temperature of New York (NY) like? _________________________________
4. What is the future temperature of Georgia (GA) going to be like? _________________________
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 8.10C identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes
Supporting Standard
1. In which area above are hurricanes most likely to form? _________________________________
2. Why did you choose this area? _____________________________________________________
3. What causes these areas to have more evaporation taking place? _________________________
1. Is the Peru Current a warm or cold water surface current? _______________________________
2. How can you tell? _______________________________________________________________
3. How will it affect the temperature of cities along the west coast of South America? ___________
4. Is the E. Australia Current a warm or cold water surface current? _________________________
5. How can you tell? _______________________________________________________________
6. How will it affect the temperature of cities along the east coast of Australia? ________________
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 7.8C model the effects of human activity on groundwater and surface water in a watershed
Supporting Standard
Fill in the Venn Diagram below on how human impact surface and groundwater using the word
bank.
Surface Water
Fertilizer
Water Wells
Groundwater
Pollution Run-off
Forest Fire
Underground injection of industrial waste
Extra sediment due to agriculture
Modifying rivers by building dams
Drilling for oil
Global warming
Pavement of roads and parking lots
Removal of vegetation
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8th Grade Science STAAR Review
Category 3: Earth and Space
TEKS 6.11B understand that gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system Supporting
Standard
1. An object with _______________ ________________ (more mass/less mass) has more
gravitational pull.
2. Which has more gravity, the sun or Earth? ____________________________________________
3. What unbalanced force causes the moon to orbit Earth? ________________________________
4. The force of _______________ causes Earth to travel in a _______________ path around the
sun.
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