Download Chapter 21 Section 3 - From Isolation to Pearl Harbor

,{ Section 3
Words to Know
cash-and-carry
policy a plan that let nations at war buy g'oods that they
could pay cash for and then carry home
lend-lease
plan
to lend or lease supplies to a country whose defense
is needed to protect the United States
An.,
World War
I,
most Americans feared that
alliances, or unions, with other nations would pull the
United States into another war. Yet, Americans could see
the growing signs of war in Europe and Asia. Many
Americans asked whether the United States had a duty
to help other countries.
Remember
The Uniled Slotes wos in lhe
middle of Ìhe Greol Depression
when World Wor ll begon,
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ITEEP U.S.
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agreed
with the message on
this poster.
Ãàany Americans
Staying Out of War
Between 1935 and L937, the U.S. Congress passed
several laws to keep the country out of war. Many
Americans backed these laws because they wanted the
United States to remain a peaceful nation. However,
some Americans backed the laws because they were
isolationists. Isolationism is the policy of staying out
of the problems of another country. These people said
the United States had plenty of problems of its own.
Congress passed a law that started a cash-and-carry
policy. Under this plan, nations at war could buy
goods that they could pay cash for and then carry home.
President Roosevelt did not agree with isolationism.
He believed that the United States should be a good
neighbor to countries around the world. President
Roosevelt also believed that the United States should
stand up to the dictators in Europe. However, Roosevelt
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Unit 7 . The United Stltes in Crisis
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had a huge problem to solve at home. He spent most
of his time trying to end the Great Depression.
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were many Americans isolationists?
The End of lsolation
Before L940, no President of the United States had
ever run for a third term. The election of 1940 was
different. The reason was the war in Europe. Many
Americans felt Roosevelt's experience as a leader was
necessary if the United States did go to war.
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President Roosevelt promised the American people
that if he were elected for a third term, he would keep
the United States out of the war.
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The Weptern
Hemisphere is the
hemisphere in which
all of North America
and South America
are located.
In I94O, Franklin Roosevelt was reelected for a third
term as President. He was the first American President
ever to serve more than two straight terms.
The American people could now see how dangerous
Hitler really was. President Roosevelt said that the
United States had to keep Hitler out of the Western
Hemisphere. Roosevelt asked for the first peacetime
draft in U.S. history.
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Soon after the election of L94O, Winston Churchill,
the leader of Great Britain, asked the United States for
help against Nazi Germany. Britain did not have enough
money to buy weapons.
To help Great Britain, President Roosevelt asked
Congress to pass a lend-lease plan. This plan gave
the President the power to lend or lease supplies to
a country whose defense was needed to protect the
United States. Many isolationists disliked Roosevelt's
plan. However, in eafly 1,94L, Congress agreed to the
lend-lease plan.
Sending ships, guns, and other supplies to Britain
became very dangerous. German submarines began
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' Chapter 21 . Leading Up to War . 1922-1941 399
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attacking American ships. In October I94I, German
submarines sank a U.S. Navy ship, killiñg 115 sailors.
To many Americans, it seemed that war was coming
closer each day.
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What did President Roosevelt do to prepare for war?
Pearl Harbor
an ally of
Germany and Italy. At the same time, Japan continued
to expand into Asia. In protest, Roosevelt, in 194I,
stopped trade with Japan. He banned oil shipments
to Japan. Japan needed oil to keep its military tanks,
trucks, and airplanes working.
In September
L94O, Japan became
Japan and the United States started talks in
November 1947. Neither side would compromise.
While the talks continued, Japan was busy making
Events Leading to World War ll
Mussolini goins power in ltoly
Oclober 1922
September
I 93 ì
Jopon invodes Monchurio.
Jonuory
1933
Hitler becomes leoder of Germony
July
I
937
Joponese move forther into Chino
Morch
1938
Germony onnexes Austrio
September 1938
Munich Conference is held
August
I
939
Nozi-Soviel Poct is signed
September
I
939
Germony invodes Polond
l.
Who wos the firsl diclolor lo goin power?
2. Lole in I939, why did counlries in
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Unit 7 . The United St{es in Crisis
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Europe feor Germony?
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plans to attack the U.S. navy base in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii, in th.e Pacific Ocean. These islands belonged to
the United States. lapan felt it would take the United
States a while to rebuild its forces after an attack.
Before dawn in Hawaii on Sunday, December 7,
L94I, Japanese pilots headed toward the U.S. Navy
base at Pearl Harbor, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
There, Japanese planes destroyed 19 American ships
and killed more tlran 2,400 Americans.
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The next day, December 8, 1947, President
Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.
Congress agreed, and the United States once again
joined its allies to fight a war.
What happened when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?
Section 3 Review
L. In what ways were the views of many members
of Congress different from President Roosevelt's
on isolationism?
2.Whry did Ainericans elect President Roosevelt for
a third term in I94O?
3. Critical Thinking Why were some isolationists
against the lend-lease plan?
4. Write About History Members of your family
are isolationists. You have just heard the news
about the attack on Pearl Harbor. Describe in
writing the discussion that takes place in
your home.
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Chapter 21
. Leading Up to War . 1922-1941 401