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The present state of the atmosphere. The amount of water vapor held in the air. A measure of the amount of water vapor that air is holding compared to the amount it can hold at different temperatures. The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation forms. Clouds form due to warm air being forced upward, expanding, and cooling. There are 3 basic types. Clouds that form layers or smooth sheets in the sky. They form at low altitudes. (fog) Clouds that are large and white, often with flat bases. These are known to produce fair weather or thunderstorms High, thin, white, feathery clouds containing ice crystals. Fair weather clouds but can indicate approaching storms. A large body of air that has the same properties as Earth’s surface. Masses of air molecules pushing down from above. The boundary between cold and warm air masses. Sends out repeated radio waves and monitors the reflected waves from distant storms. Helps predict weather. A violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land. A large, swirling, low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans. A person who studies weather. Instrument used to measure air pressure. Measures the amount of wind that is present. Used to measure wind speed. Measures wind direction Measures the amount of rainfall