Download for a species placed was proposed by 1823, Bulbisperma ovigera

I3LUMEA 23
Ci976;
141—'59
A
revision
Peliosanthes (Liliaceae)
of
J.P. Jessop
Herbarium, Botanic Garden, Adelaide,
State
South Australia
Summary
In the
introduction
genus Peliosanthes
in which
through
altogether
S. E. Asia
The characters
The
A
no
into
subspecies
A full
habitat
same
been
of the
of the
knowledge
Teta,
of the
taxonomy
and
Bulbospermum,Lourya
from the
validly published, ranging
only
of the
Liliaceae, is
of specific delimitation
can
only
discussed
one
variable
teta, confined
the basis
on
one
genus
and it is
Neolourya,
Dcccan
Peninsula
can
be
distinguished.
concluded that it
species,
to
genus and
are
species
is
given,
of the gross
variability; this
should
with
morphology which
is illustrated
Peliosanthes
continental
flower per bract which is found
one
counts
be found in the
only
that
subspecies
distribution; localities
The few chromosome
scrutinized and it is found that
is maintained in
correlations
entities, the
description
development
Ophiopogon and Liriope.
as
the conclusion
to
two
humilis with
and
tribe
satisfactory
This has led
falling
have
are
genera
examination is made
thorough
shown that
the
including the generic names
West Malesia.
defining these
the
of
given
sense,
specific epithets
35
to
is
history
a
the wide
of Peliosanthes, which
affinity
arranged in
be
in
teta
Asia with
throughout
their synonymy,
by
Andr.,
several
can
be
distinguished,
—6 flowers
per
2
the
has
histograms.
bract
and
a
of the genus.
range
and information is
given
on
mapped.
published
agree
in
2n = 36.
Introduction
In 1810, Andrews described die first
into cultivation in
‘teta’ being
published
Indian
an
further
two
name
for the plant.)
names
in Peliosanthes.
Roxburgh (1814), apparently
Teta
name
remained
has
not
A further
a notnen
nudum and it
been taken
new name
for
a
was
not
as
a
Two further
belonging
species placed
the following
single species
ovary,
and Donn
a new name,
publication
Roxburgh's
until 1832 that he validated it. This
in Peliosanthes
by later authors
nudum). This
javanicum,
has
name
generic
which
he
proposed by
was
never
been
regarded
Bulbospermum and
have been described for species treated by
a
in
having
rosette
a
1888
validated,
as
allied
to
B. javanicum has
distinct
of leaves
most
subsequent authors
Baillon described Lourya campanulata which differed
rhizome with spaced
arising
at
ground
nodes. Most Peliosanthes
level from
a
much abbreviated
horizontal axis. No further species have been described in Lourya. Krause
a
flowers and
green
Andrews
year
In this
teta.
have been described in
Peliosanthes. In
from Peliosanthes
specimens have
recently introduced
(from the
species of Peliosanthes by subsequent authors.
genera
to
from India
teta
authors.
by subsequent
up
Peliosanthes. No further species
as
In
1827 Blume described Bulbospermum
been treated
genus
of Andrew's publication, proposed
unaware
Blume in 1823, Bulbisperma ovigera (nomen
but in
a
for what Andrews had named P.
viridiflora,
name
of
species
This he called Peliosanthes
England.
in Lourya which he characterised
while in Peliosanthes he
as
having
(1930) recognised
five ovules in each locule of the
believed, incorrectly, that there
were
always
two.
BLUMEA
142
transferred L.
Rodriguez (1934a)
described
a
new
genus,
distinguished by
was
style
1976
1,
Peliosanthes but in the
to
opposed
as
publication
same
N. pierrei and N. weberi. This
species,
two
slender style,
long
23, No.
campanulata
with
Neolourya,
its
VOL.
to
short
a
pyramidal
genus
conical
or
in Peliosanthes.
further species of Neolourya have been described. These
No
x
been transferred
two
„
epithets have
Peliosanthes, but Hutchinson (1959) treated Neolourya
to
as
a
never
of
synonym
Peliosanthes.
The characters
for
suggested
on
which
genera.
subdivide Peliosanthes (sensu
to
bospermum, Lourya and Neolourya
as
grade
other characters have been discovered
No
generically, and
lato)
treated
are
all
and Neolourya
separating Peliosanthes, Lourya
from Peliosanthes into the other proposed
in this
Teta, Bul-
paper
of Peliosanthes
synonyms
as
done
was
by
Hutchinson (1959).
In
all,
35 binomials of Peliosanthes
Peninsula
to
Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Of these,
1920) from the Malay Peninsula
not
(sensu lato) have
and
in their natural habitat than
No
survey
of the species
lished since Baker
(1879)
recognised only
for British India but said that 'the
Neolourya and
6
was
8
described by Ridley (1898
probably better acquainted with the
species has been.
new
described,
areas.
the Malay
Hooker
(1892) recognised
but overlooked
Peninsula,
single species
a
in Java.
Chang
&
genus
over
species
further
a
hypogyna. Rodriguez (1934b) recognised
P.
9
far from well defined'. Ridley
are
genus
of Peliosanthes from Indo-China. Backer and Bakhuizen
(1968) recognised
—
important
are
species. However, there have been several
species of this
from
species
9
which he had himself
were
other author of
any
publications dealing with specific geographical
(1924) recognised
10
the entire range of Peliosanthes (sensu lato) has been pub-
over
who
been validly described from
Taiwan) and through the Malay
near-by islands. Ridley's publications
only for their quantity but also because he
species
now
Vietnam, southern China (including
Thailand,
India,
Hsu
van
2
one
species of
den Brink Jr
(1974) recognised
2
species
in
Taiwan.
The
1
reviews
most recent
ting the species,
are
in Lourya; Hutchinson
ascribed
2
species
referring
those of:
—
(1959)
who
and
Neolourya
to
to
Krause
the
recognised only
15
its whole
(1930) who recognised
to
8
range,
species
but
not enumera-
in Peliosanthes and
Airy Shaw (1966) who
one genus;
Peliosanthes (including Lourya).
AFFINITIES
Peliosanthes is usually placed in the Liliaceae (e.g. Ridley,
1959;
Backer and Bakhuizen
unusual in that
most
It is because of this
1892; Rodriguez,
den Brink Jr,
specimens have either
single, and
1934b)
have
arrangement of the ovules is
of relationship
van
not
an
inferior
1924;
or
at
exclusive, character that
preferred
regarded by
to
place
some
Krause,
1930;
Hutchinson,
Within the Liliaceae it is
1968).
it in
least
some
a
semi-inferior
authors (e.g. Hooker,
the Haemodoraceae. The biseriate
authors (e.g. Nakai,
1941, p.
190)
with the Liliaceae rather than the Haemodoraceae. Chang and
considered that the cytological
evidence indicates
a
rather
ovary.
close
affinity with
as
evidence
Hsu
(1974)
certain Liliaceous
genera.
I have
not seen
any
comprehensive discussion of the separation of Liliaceae and
doraceae. In the absence of any
it is
suggested that
new
evidence for referring Peliosanthes
to
Haemo-
the Haemodoraceae
it be retained in the Liliaceae until the limits of these families
are
thor-
oughly re-examined.
A further unusual characteristic
ment
is the
overy
of the fruit which, therefore, results
wall which ruptures early in the develop-
in the seeds'
development occurring largely
J.
outside the
in the tribe
Ophiopogoneae.
143
In
my
(Mondo) and Liriope. This
these
to
two
Hut-
genera.
in the tribe Peliosantheae and the other
opinion these
two
should all be placed in the
genera
tribe.
Cytological evidence
between
all these
considered by Chang
is
genera in the
examination of
a
number of other
on
appear
Peliosanthes
to
development sufficiently
a
be
leaves
especially
have
specimens
the
for
example
Bois, and O. dracaenoides (Bak.)
Hook.
O.
small
a
the absence of
Pierre
lack the
of
group
indistinguishable
marmoratus
from
wings,
Ophiopogon
that of
Rodriguez,
ex
of
sublinear sessile leaves
usually petiolate,
are
However,
vegetative morphology
a
—
or
towards the base and by
rhizomes.
staminal
a
indistinguishable. The majority
are
easily distinguished by their linear
on
thorough
more
and Peliosanthes,
Ophiopogon
separating
the rhizomes. Peliosanthes leaves
scale-like
the inclusion of
is undertaken.
genera
membranous wings
conspicuous
scale-like leaves
have
can
affinity
an
suggest
exclude Aspidistra until
and by having basifixed anthers. The fruits
which have
to
available. Ophiopogon is characterised by the absence of
are not
species of Ophiopogon
species
to
genera
in
(1974)
and Hsu
Aspidistra. They proposed
I believe that the fruit
Ophiopogoneae.
Difficulty has been experienced
when flowers
corona
and
Peliosanthes, Liriope, Ophiopogon
characterises the first three of these
and
Peliosanthes
characteristic of Ophiopogon
a
(1959), however, placed Peliosanthes
chinson
same
Jessop:
indicates that Peliosanthes is closely allied
character strongly
genera
is also
This
ovary.
P.
O.
many
regnieri
f.
ANATOMY
An examination of leaf
not
epidermis preparations
characters could be found
Herbarium material
were
used:
was
to
used exclusively.
undertaken
was
support the generic
to
find
whether
out
separation of these
two
or
genera.
The following identified (fertile) specimens
—
Ophiopogon
Pierre
marmoratus
O. caulescens
Peliosanthes
Rodriguez, Geesink 3560 (L), Thailand;
ex
(Blume) Backer, Buwalda 3483 (L), Java;
Andr.
teta
subsp.
teta
Van Beusekom
(typical form),
&
Phengkhlai
828
(L),
Thailand;
P.
teta
P.
teta
Andr. subsp.
(narrow-leafed form),
teta
Andr. subsp.
humilis (Andr.)
Sumatra; Rahil 334
Bengal; Meijer 3691 (L),
Pieces of leaf
c. 6 —8
possible. These
as
were
macerated in
hours. They
12
mm
a
were
are
concentrated in bands
santhes the
falls
into
genera
on
on
two
the
the abaxial
in the bands with
stomata are
from the
sub
Herb. E.I.C. 3835 (L), East
edges
was
of leaves
H
as
near
the middle
from the tissues.
dispelled
acetic acid and 30%
santhes and Ophiopogon
were,
distinct
following
groups
02
2
at c. 60
stomata
are
anatomically,
characters. In
surface, and
scattered and there
The anatomical characters
mining
s.n.
They
°C for about
stained in Sudan IV and mounted in glycerine jelly.
with the taxonomic
epidermal cells both
glacial
17380 (L), Thailand;
(L), Thailand.
until all air
water
solution of
I: I
The material examined
exactly
were cut
square
boiled in
were
Kerr
Jessop, Griffith
there
are
corresponding
Ohpiopogon
numerous
the
stomata
papillae
on
the
and in the bands between them; in Pelio-
no
papillae.
therefore, found
to
support the
separation
of Pelio-
and indicated that the floral characters should be used in deter-
the limits of the
genera
and
not
the vegetative
morphology.
VOL. 23, No.
BLUMEA
144
1,
1976
MORPHOLOGY
The
does not
morphology
gross
The principal
ature.
structures
to
appear
have been adequately explained in the literthe
the rhizome,
are
the foliage leaves,
inflorescence(s),
and the scale leaves.
The rhizome
The rhizome
rootstock less
considerably
varies
than
2
long.
cm
horizontally, but what
grows
It
length.
in
material
most
be vertical
to
appear
In
it forms
from herbarium specimens
appears
rhizomes
do also
hard thick
a
that
this
usually
There is
occur.
a
smaller number of specimens with longer rhizomes (3 —10 cm) from both Indonesia and
continental Asia.
rhizomes (up
than
10
to
long
cm
Assam
(Lister
79161,
79400
&
addition there
cm) which
to
that
an
but
L),
&
few collections,
1995,
GH);
namely:
—
more
Duphla Hills,
and Yunnan (IVang
occurs
more
74846,
frequently than the her-
that the leaf- and inflorescence-bearing
it
Alternatively
is
possible
that
the
apical portion
rhizome
is
a
is
phenotypic
unknown environmental factor.
the rhizome and
no
in Peliosanthes
previously placed
were
anatomical evidence have been found
on
narrower
be less woody. The plants with rhizomes
well-developed long rhizome
a
Material with leaves along
CGH
few specimens with appreciably longer
to
BM); Northern Bengal (Biswas
part collected.
response
a
80030, all in A).
barium collections suggest and
the only
are
appear
from relatively
known
are
211,
possible
It is
In
40
rosette,
as
belong
to
from Sikkim (Hooker
flowers
no
s.n.,
have been collected,
Ophiopogon.
in
The inflorescence
The inflorescence
close
very
the
to
to
appears
of the
apex
be terminal in
rhizome,
be determined with certainty by
the subject
on
McLean and
(e.g.
Chouard,
1931;
Aloe, for example,
'it
very
may
be
not
at
I find Tomlinson's
A.
species (e.g.
ciliaris)
may
most
likely
Within other
It
to
The
in Liliaceae the
are
pegleri)
A.
and
not
to
state
inflorescences
in-
that
that all Liliaceae show sympodial
may
appear
to
from
a
rates
difference in
and plants
In Aloe
1950,
some
described
have terminal inflorescences.
of growth of the in-
the origin of these
of the Liliaceae (e.g. Ornithogalum and Ledebouria)
be terminal
out
always terminal,
concerning Aloe perfectly acceptable.
have lateral inflorescences (Reynolds,
to
most
1947;
with apparently
axes.
plants with what
lateral inflorescences
occur.
seems
likely
inflorescence
some
genera
axes
not
repeated rapidly'.
is
that this results from different relative
florescence and vegetative
appear
appear
such), while others (e.g.
as
think it
both
statement
have
However, he pointed
all obvious that inflorescences
precocious and
as
1938; Bower,
1963) that
1964; Rendle,
While doubting if there is sufficient evidence
growth,
and Scott,
Priestley
terminal; i.e. that the growth is sympodial.
because eviction is
I
origin could
examination of herbarium material.
an
1956; Brook,
Ivimey-Cook,
florescence is
them
material, but lateral, although arising
discussion of the origin of the inflorescence, Tomlinson (1970) stated,
In a
authors
in
some
other material. However, the
in
or
all
foliage
Foliage
can
that in Peliosanthes
be explained
inflorescences
growth
in the
same
in Peliosanthes
is
sympodial and the different positions
way
are
as
in Aloe.
lateral
of the
However, the possibility that
cannot
be excluded
at
this
stage.
leaves
leaves arise from the rhizome. In
specimens with
very
short rhizomes
they
may
J.
form
to
appear
internodes
one
are
a
terminal
P.
In
rosette.
Pcliosanlhes
Jessop:
145
specimens with longer rhizomes,
it is then evident that the
elongated and
foliage leaves
another by several nodes bearing only scale-leaves. Apparent
from the
of leaves
development
on very
rosettes
short lateral branches of
a
the
however,
separated from
are
also result
may
rhizome.
The scale-leaves
Scale-leaves
occur
the inflorescence.
both vegetative
on
They
vary
disappear leaving only the base.
the
stems
which
to
they
petioles of foliage leaves
VARIABILITY
Hooker's
17
—
The following
long,
10 cm
distinguish species:
by
WITHIN
CONCEPTS
eventually largely
PELIOSANTHES
quoted above,
(1934)
Krause
and
and the
differences
by Airy Shaw (1966)
establishing
—
a
9
and
practical
principal characters that have been used by previous authors
to
—
length of petiole; length, breadth, and shape of lamina
Leaves:
the lower part of
genus.
the
are
on
but
sheath round the enclosed bases of the
indicate that difficulties have been encountered in
concept in this
species
a
of Peliosanthes,
species
between the total number estimated
respectively
forming
TAXONOMIC
the
(the rhizomes) and
cm to c.
of peduncles.
and/or
AND
I
foliage leaves and the bracts their bases encircle
Unlike the
attached,
are
comment on
axes
from less than
Inflorescence: length
loose
of peduncle;
or
tight
arrangement
distinctness of
of
cross
size and
flowers;
veins.
shape
of bracts; number of flowers in axil of each bract; length of pedicel.
Flowers:
length and shape (e.g.
globose,
campanulate
filaments
to one
of ovules
per
obtuse apex)
or
another; shape of style;
of perianth
ovary
superior,
shape of seed globose
corona
(in the
type
fleshy
been desirable
and
fragmentary.
of development and colours
stage
of the fruits. Hardly
to
ever
as
variation. The
grading
is the
Flowers in
to
one
seldom noted
are
of
inferior; number
only)
difficult
is
specimen
on
are
or
a
as
mostly
the labels. The
situation of the habitat
precise
determine whether there is
ecology, especially
or
shape (i.e.
of fusion
hexamerous;
only)
or
fused;
pyriform.
or
and often
degree
of P. monticola Ridley
The examination of herbarium material of Peliosanthes
rather
segments;
half inferior,
pentamerous (in the type of P. tashiroi Hayata
locule;
free from staminal
perianth
acute
rotate) of perianth; colour of perianth;
or
the plants
all in the
same can
are
same
be said
given, which would have
correlation between taxonomic characters
the shape and size of the leaves which show
number and prominence
of veins appear
to
an enormous
but
increase with
the
overall size of the leaf blade.
The length of the peduncle
leaves,
also
so
depends
on
developing
Flowers
bud
or
appear
are
an
to
or
less proportional
be used, the
more
the size of the plant and its
to
so as
the length of the peduncle
equally depends
seeds increasing
considerably
on
in
the stage of development;
length
stage of
development.
continuously from
in less than 10% of the
one
So far
as
reported
flowering material,
maturity.
are
often
in
could be observed all floral characters
extreme
appears
those which
and thickness towards
often absent from herbarium material, and if present they
early
vary
more
cannot
the stage of its development.
The length of the pedicels
carry
is
that its absolute size
to
another.
to
Colour,
be variable and in
noted
no way
only
correlated
with other characters.
There
appears
the number
to
be only
of flowers
one
character which shows
bract. Plants with
per
2
or
more
a
distinct constancy and this is
flowers
per
bract (teta group)
occur
BLUMEA
146
only
in continental Asia
flower
have
be
never
bract
Fig.
1.
been collected
Leaf lamina
one or
two
length
if
leaves;
Variation in the
specific
of plants with
occur
together
teta
1, 1976
in
over
one
single locality
cannot
at
Figure
I
to
at
shows
for 67
then their dots
are
one
the entire range of the genus. Because they
this difference in
seems to
range
be correlated with other taxonomic charac-
specimens
connected
of the
by
a
teta
group.
straight
Each collection
two
is
groups.
represented
line.
group
have been validly published by previous authors within the group
six
two to
pedicels
present
variation caused
of the equator
and breadth
two
names
On the evidence
typic
No.
will be shown in the following survey of the variation within these
as
Five
23,
(including the Malay Peninsula), whereas plants with only
( humilis group)
significant. However, this character
ters,
by
per
VOL.
by growth
least
per
bract.
available it is
1200
m
not
in habitats
altitude
diagrammatically
the
possible
ranging
more
than
to
determine the
from
0
27
relationship
near
extent
of pheno-
sea-level almost
0
7
north
north of the equator.
between leaf lamina length
and
J.
Fig.
leaves
2.
Distribution
were
measured
of leaf lamina
for
each
P.
lengths
collection;
in
121
Jessop:
the
Peliosanthes
teta
leaves
group
(open)
147
and humilis
of the teta group
group
(black).
and
467
of the humilis
and
humilis group
One
or
group
two
were
measured.
Fig.
two
3. Distribution
leaves
measured.
were
of leaf lamina
measured
for each
breadths in the teta group
collection; 121
leaves
(open)
(black).
One
of the teta
and 467 of the humilis
group
group
or
were
BLUMEA
148
breadth for 67 specimens.
possible,
two
be
can
seen
problem
a
A line
on
group
for
points plotted
connects
two
from this diagram that there is generally
well-defined groupings
sufficiently
any
selecting leaves for measuring. Where
in
each collection, compared with total range for the
of
1976
I,
apparently fully developed leaves have been measured from each collection
and both plotted.
It
There is
VOL. 23, No.
to
a
leaves of the
rather small
as a
group
suggest
a
collection.
same
range
whole. There is
in leaf size in
no
indication
taxonomic subdivision
of the
these characters.
Several other characters show considerable variation and have been examined with
particular
care
for
The
discontinuities.
material and indicated in the form of
(fig.
3), and the
of these
ratio
two
following
histograms:
have been recorded
—
and perianth segment length (fig. 8). Leaf
The figures for frequency
are
available
figures (fig. 4); petiole length (fig. 5); lowest fertile
bract length (fig. 6); lowest bract length (fig. 6); lowest pedicel length
collection where possible; other
for all
leaf lamina length (fig. 2), breadth
measurements are
for
measurements are
expressed
a
based
single
at
anthesis (fig. 7);
on two
organ
leaves for each
for each collection.
in percentages of the total number ofmeasurements
recorded for that character.
The
histograms
there is
a group
do
not
However, figure
I
shows
which fall outside this
below
140
mm are
Whether the
Fig.
4.
suggest
a
subdivision
on
any
of these characters. In leaf length
representing 3% of the total sample showing
group.
two
of the
seven
specimens
a
peak
at
less than
130 mm.
involved also have leaves
Four of the collections in which both leaves measured fell
from southern China.
ovary
Distribution
that
is
superior,
of leaf lamina
inferior,
length:
or
breadth
intermediate in position has been used
ratios
for the
same
data
as
used
in
figs.
2
& 3.
by
J.
Fig.
two
were
5.
Distribution
leaves
were
of
petiole lengths
measured
for
each
P.
in
Jessop:
the
collection;
teta
116
149
Peliostmthcs
group
petioles
(open)
of the
and
teta
the
humilis
group and
group
453
(black).
One
of the humilis
or
group
measured.
Fig.
6.
(black).
group
Distribution
One bract
were
per
measured.
of
lengths
collection
of the lowest
was
fertile bracts in
measured;
56
the teta
group
specimens
of the
teta
(open)
group
and the humilis
and
152
of the
group
humilis
authors in
various
superior
to
defining species
inferior in the
this character. As far
on
a
VOL. 23,
BLUMEA
150
plant
teta
of Peliosanthes.
group,
all intermediate
states
exist between
with inferior ovaries and
no
species
1, 1976
Although the
in this
group
ovary
has
does
vary
from
been recognised
ever
could be ascertained from herbarium material all flowers
as
consistent for this character
are
No.
no
at
all
from buds
stages
to
old flowers.
plants with flowers with superior
correlation
was
on
Nevertheless,
ovaries and
found between this character and
any
plants
other
character.
Flower
P.
size
and
ovule
number
were
used by
Wang
and
tonkinensis. Flower size is variable and the size cited by
although distinctly larger than
average,
(1936)
Tang
these authors (6
falls within the continuous
range
in
defining
mm
diam.),
of variation for
the group. Similarily, the ovule number recorded in P. tonkinensis (four per locule) is
likely
the
to prove
to
commonest
be of significance in the taxonomic subdivision of this
more
Fig.
group
humilis
7.
than
one
Distribution
(black).
group
not
Although
number is two, both three and four have been found in several specimens.
It is concluded that there is
with
group.
One
were
at
present
flower per bract
of
lengths
pedicel
per
measured.
of the
can
lowest
collection
was
no
be
evidence that the specimens of Peliosanthes
usefully placed
pedicels
at
measured;
anthesis in
59
in
more
the teta
specimens
than
group
of the
teta
a
single
taxon.
(open)
and the humilis
group
and
147
of the
J.
Variation in the humilis
Thirty
to
one
to
Jessop:
Peliosanlhes
teta
but is
group,
provide taxonomically
slightly
greater.
(figs.
2
—8). Plants
The variation is comparable
structures
useful characters than in the
from Sumatra,
been included. Again there is
group.
Vegetative
of histograms has been prepared and superimposed
not
151
group
species have been validly described in this
that in the
likely
P.
no
Java,
on
and Borneo
likelihoodthat
the
are
any
teta
same
axes
rather
as
no
appear
group.
more
A similar
for the
homogeneous
set
teta group
and have
of these characters is of taxonomic
value.
One vegetative character which does
or
absence of
Lourya
Fig.
was
a
well-defined rhizome. It
described. L. campanulata
8. Distribution
One flower
measured.
per
of
collection
perianth
was
segment
require consideration,
was
was
lengths
on
however,
is
the
presence
this character that the monotypic
genus
described from Cochinchina (Vietnam). The
in the
measured; 36 specimens
teta
group
of the teta
(open)
group
and
and the humilis group
100
of the humilis
(black).
group
were
VOL.
BLUMEA
152
only other material which has
79161,
flowers, but anatomical characters show them
there is
apical
an
The nodes bearing leaves
it consists
only of
information about the
to
allow the
On
defining
longibracteata, from Upper Burma,
P.
two
inflorescences
lowest bract
GH) the
Burma
Upper
bracts
measure
20—24
10183
but
mm,
humilis
described
170,
whereas the
c.
type
has
a
type
the plants
is
plant
not
has
His
incomplete
too
the basis of three characters,
linear-lanceolate bracts.
or
Ngawchang Valley, north of Htawgaw;
are
otherwise
On other collections from
the
mm
3031 and Barnes
&
in his
Ward
to
1822
petioles
to
up
He
50
a
gave
cm
1823-, K) have
&
S. India mentioned above,
exceeding
long,
cm
70
petiole length
of
was
has the longest
c.
the
type
of
P.
form
appear
distinct
a
long bracts, they do
group
form
not
a
that
in
and
area
c.
50
taxonomically recognisable
cm,
are
Ward
cm.
specimens have
specimens collected
although they
40
and the
cm,
70
is, therefore, concluded that, although the Ward collections from Upper
to
to
longibracteata) also
but the other similar Burmese
many
up
Barnes 1823
inflorescence of the
but the actual figure is only
which is shorter than
50 cm
also mentioned the
long. The petioles of
(one of the Burmese specimens closely resembling
not
170.
of the
long, but plants
original description,
figure for the length of the inflorescence
peduncle approximately
the lower
type,
similar
very
5 —10
are
with this figure. Bourne 3031
agrees
preser-
_
long. Merrill (1941),
specimen
long.
material
peduncles
It
on
long, linear
respectively.
mm
long petioles and inflorescence.
cm
50
mm
23
specimens from
13329
part of the
„
to
up
exceptionally
also
the rhizome.
by several bearing scale-like
13329), closely resembling
&
from S. India (e.g. Bourne 1331
group
„
few leaves along
rhizomes in Peliosanthes is
The lowest bracts of other collections from Burma
bracts
Peliosanthes. In this material
to
a
another
one
1 —4 cm
26 and 32
measures
(Ward 7362,
or
taxa.
was
persistent,
material ( Ward
on type
to
loose flowers. It is considered that the available
some
in
structure
but especially by its elongated,
one
of elongated
occurrence
of this
use
probably belongs
of the sheets of these collections has
belong
campanulata (in P) the basal
leaf and
a
from
separated
are
leaves. In the type material of L.
ved;
none
to
of leaves and usually
rosette
1976
collected in Yunnan by Wang (e.g. numbers 74846,
was
80030; all in A). Unfortunately
&
79400
1,
rhizome and which
well-developed
a
the humilis group of Peliosanthes
No.
23,
do have
entity when
in India.
Burma
do
exceptionally
material from
India is also considered.
The shape of the perianth
difficult
some
to
material these forms
However it may be
Flower
varies from
distinguish these features
correlated with
any
campanulate
or
the
represent different stages in
may
that the
significant
shape, colour,
rotate to
and size
subglobose.
in herbarium material and it is
appear
be
to
a
matter
It is often
that in
development of a
shape ofthe flowers of the teta
(fig. 8)
likely
group
at
least
flower.
is less variable.
of degree and
cannot
be
other characters.
Flower colour is admittedly
poorly known
very
as
few collectors have recorded this
information.
In much of the
rather
western
appearance
Deccan
specimens
that it is
Peninsula;
over
not
30
cm
possible
Williams
long.
220
are
resemble these plants. They
segments
up
to
7
No
a
are
mm
is
a
and
persistent, but somewhat withered
considerable
enlargement
and
even
a
(K) from the Pulneys
in the
(BM) from Nepal; and Ridley 14484 (BO)
from
e.g.
Bourne 1331
of the perianth
also tends
specimen with both fruits
correlate
to
characters. However, there
perianth
show
of the persistent perianth
Material with this enlargement
leaves, often
so
Other
inconspicuous.
cork-like
Perak.
fruiting material the perianth
the persistent
rather large
and flowers has
been
seen
which do in other characteristics
characterised by having
anthers
have
perianth character with other floral
number of specimens
long, and
to
up
to
particularly large flowers, the
2
mm
long
[e.g. Lobb
s.n.
(K)
P.
J.
from Moulmein, Kloss
Neither
Khasia].
I
been able
In
do
occur.
are
As in the
ovary
it is
not
possible
not
appear
Variation
and
blue,
the
In
not appear
globose
any
teta
ellipsoid
or
both the humilis and
teta
ovaries
and
stages
is such that
and the position of the
seed
mature
seeds
green
are
does
ovary
however, always be
may,
possibly always
immature.
groups
discussion it has been shown that
preceding
developmental
represent
to
other characters of the available material.
shape and colour. The
Status of the humilis and
(K) from
s.n.
persistent perianth have
specimen. The gradation between inferior and superior
is seed
occurs
and
pyriform
these do
define discontinuities within it,
to
Thomson
&
the
groups.
be correlated with
to
development of
semi-inferior, but completely inferior and superior
is
teta group
consistent for each
in the
nor
define taxonomic
to
flowers the
most
153
(BM) from Selangor and Hooker
s.n.
flower size
on
Peliosanthes
Jessop:
I have not,
groups.
there is
considerable variation in
however, been able
subdivide either
to
group
taxonomically.
It has also been shown that this variation follows
Figures
2 to
for
patterns
extent
have been presented in
7
characters. In all these characters, except leaf lamina length and
a
the leaf lamina length: breadth ratio, there is
Even in leaflamina
histograms.
this character in
separating the
The only character
pedicels
support
per
bract,
on
or
1,
2
this subdivision, but show
that there is, therefore,
more
two
There
no
on
on
any
slight
a
another,
one
strong
in the
similarity
unite these
to
no
two
as
two
groups
than
of
types
to
perhaps
by
ecological
teta
for
factors.
the
2—6
do
only
not
It is considered
separate them and
genus.
genetically controlled.
occur.
Second, although
been colper bract have
pedicels
2—6
not
groups.
monotypic
a
plants of both
plants with
namely subsp.
subspecies,
as
use
is in the number of
Other characters
similar distribution pattern these
broadly
lesser
a
the
justify
to
of the islands where solitary pedicelled plants do occur. It
from
treated hare
too
be separated
can
groups
in which
seen
the Asian continent,
that although having
isolated
are
for believing that the number of pedicels is
collections have been
widespread
lected
two reasons
are
to
marked similarity in the shapes of the
respectively.
—6
a
reason
groups.
groups.
which these
namely
a
the differences
length
two
it is concluded that Peliosanthes should be treated
First,
similar patterns in both
very
form which facilitates comparison of the variation
8
two
These
taxa
pedicelled
therefore
appears
forms
largely
are
are,
therefore,
form and subsp.
humilis for the solitary pedicelled form.
PELIOSANTHES
Peliosanthes
&
Phys.
Teta Roxb.
Andr.,
10
Bot.
(1843)
Repos.
[Hort. Beng.,
10
(1810)
t. 60s;
('Piliosanthes ').
121
1814: 24,
mid.]
nam.
Hassk. in
Fl. hid. ed.
d. Hoeven
v.
P.
Type:
—
&
de
Vriese, Tijdschr.
Nat.
Gesch.
teta Andr.
Carey
2
(1832)
165—166.
—Type:
T.
viridiflora
Roxb.
[Bulbisperma
ex
Blume,
Reinw.
nom.
ex
Btilbospermum Blume,
Lourya Baill.,
Bull.
pierrei
Enum. PI.
Soc.
Neolourya Rodriguez,
N.
Blume,
Linn.
Bull.
one
up
Gew. Buitenz.
(1823)
59,
nam.
mid.
—
Type:
B.
ovigera
Reinw.
Jav.
Paris
is
1
Mus. Hist.
(1827).
(1888)
Nat.
—
743.
T y p
—
Paris, II,
e:
B.
Type:
6
javanicum
L.
(1934) 96.
Blume.
campanulata
—
S
y
n
Baill.
t y
p
e s:
N. weberi
Baill.
and
Baill.
Perennial herbs with
rarely
Cat.
mid. ]
to
40
cm
a
usually
long, but
very
most
short horizontal rhizome, with thick roots; rhizome
frequently less
another by several nodes bearing scale-leaves,
than
5
cm
long.
Leaves
separated from
but often several crowded
at
the
apex
BLUMEA
154
and sometimes several
oblong,
ovate,
obovate, usually with
or
and inflorescences
leaves,
to
up
white,
green,
surrounded
blue, violet,
free above the
±
or
corona,
the interior side of
±
a
an
purple,
by often long, scarious,
unbranched
rotate,
fleshy, equal,
—4( —5)
basal
2
with emergent
8
to
up
stigma undifferentiated
Seeds blue when mature, ellipsoid
Distribution: A monotypic
Peliosanthes
See for
teta
ehiptic
or
to
with
ovate
usually spreading
lacerate, the
least
at
at
lower
I
or
or
slender
more
cell contain-
to
subpeltate; pericarp
stage and
exposing the
S.
E.
India,
cylindrical,
almost
young
Himalayas, and
not
seeds.
N. E. India
obovate, rarely
or
the base,
at
a
to
up
slightly
usually
I5( —40)
mm
solitary,
mm
up
mm
long. Seeds
to
up
usually
broadly
forming
to
10—12
35( —75)
cm
cm
in size towards the
broad.
long, with
to
ovate,
I —6-nate,
a
ovoid.
mm
long.
to
apex
or
of the
erect-spreading
twice their former
just below the flower. Perianth
ovate,
disc
elliptic,
c.
with 6 teeth. Anthers usually rather closely adpressed
0.75—1(—2)
to
long,
less often
acute,
1.5 —8.5(—11.5)
in thickness and up
articulated
conical
usually
cm
Lamina almost
distally, usually entire, rarely fimbriate
long, increasing
semi-inferior,
dry.
long; fertile bracts sublinear
long, decreasing
corona
when
arcuate,
long,
cm
smaller bract in their axil. Pedicels
mm
Staminal
long.
mm
(4 ——45( —55)
well-defined,
distinct longitudinal ridges
4—6
single vein, suborbicular,
a
long. Ovary usually
obovate
or
3 —4 mm
to
Style often
Perianth
the style,
3-
or
to
linear,
diameter, entire,
c.
0.5 —2.0 mm
6-ridged
or
fluted,
enlarging during the early
of seed development.
Ecology:
over
usually
Petioles
c.
during seed development,
1.5 —6(—8)
stages
inferior, 3-celled, each
pyriform.
ranging from
(2 —)5 —15(—30)
—6(—10)
segements with
or
early
at an
the base and ascending
sometimes with
recurved,
wavy,
on
Taiwan, through Thailand and Indo-China into the Malay
—4(—15) lower sterile bracts
length
to
subcapitate
to
(7.5 —)i2.5 —37.5( —47.5)
acuminate,
Peduncles flattened
to
medially
under the subspecies.
(2 —)4 —8(—12).
obtusely
raceme,
Stamens inserted
segments
Andr.
synonyms
slightly compressed,
0
subglobose; perianth
long.
mm
Perianth
pedicelled.
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
Peninsula,
linear
to
genus
southern China, including
Leaves
or
conical and thick
style simple,
developing after fertilisation, ruptured
to
to
fleshy, short annular tube (corona) which largely conceals
wavy,
ovules;
almost linear
imbricate, scale-like
Flowers
raceme.
campanulate,
the anthers; anthers sessile, introrse. Ovary superior
ing
apex,
rather well-defined petiole, glabrous. Petioles
a
the base
at
Inflorescence
10 cm.
1, 1976
from each other behind the
spaced
more
VOL. 23, No.
3000
m
often
apparently
localities,
Wet evergreen
in China.
and
to
near
flower
Chang
&
in
Hsu
2n
=
it
throughout the
36. See:
counts
Sato
The
year
1600 m
to
in the
Himalayas and
sometimes found
subspecies
appear
(especially January
to
to
on
occur
rocks and
in
similar
April).
representing both subspecies have been published,
(1942),
Larsen
(1966), Jones
&
Smith
(1967-68), and
(1974).
Economic
uses:
An
uncommon
KEY
Flowers
from sea-level
prefers shady habitats,
water.
running
Chromosomes: Several
all agreeing
forest,
Probably
2—6-nate
TO
garden
THE
or
pot
plant.
SUBSPECIES
in the axils of the bracts
Flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts
a.
b.
subsp.
teta
subsp. humilis
P.
J.
a.
subsp.
Teta
in
cited;
Andr.,
Bot.
absence
of
Roxb.
[Hort. Beng.
viridiflora
and introduced
Ganges
teta
Repos.
into
ibidem
Pampan.,
(1814)
at
is chosen
nud.];
Fl.
and
Bot.
165—166.
border
eastern
specimen
n.s.
the
Type:
—
of the Delta
of the
seen.
(1904)
n
Hume, origin
P.
151.
mantegazziana
—
from
Mantegazza, Florence; originally
hort.
ex
no
Ital.,
Amelia
type.
(1832)
2
the
on
by Lady
the
as
Ind.
Calcutta;
at
Giornale
Type:
—
Introduced
ype:
plate
Chittagong
nom.
24,
Nuov.
T
—
the
Garden
the Botanic
(1906) 138.
13
605
t.
material
Dr. Buchanan
by
mantegazziana Pampan.,
var.
(1810)
10
preserved plant
Plants found
description.
P.
155
teta
Peliosanthes teta
not
Peliosanthes
Jbssop:
Penang,
Malaya (FI).
P.
graminea Ridl., J.
the
near
P.
tonkinensis
kin,
Ass.
of
town
&
Wang
Balatisa
59
(1911)
in
Penang
Bull.
Tang,
Fan Mem.
times
—2<j.(—34)
2
bract. Flowers
207—208.
and
Type: Malaya, Tongkah, Gunong Toxai,
—
Singapore gardens;
Biol.,
Inst.
Bot.
7
specimens
no
(1936)
83.
cited.
Vietnam,
Type:
—
Ton
(K).
280
Lea/lamina
Straits
cultivated
Soc.
Puket,
usually
green,
as
long
broad. Pedicels
as
rarely blue. Anthers
in the axil of each fertile
2 —6
0-5 —0.6
c.
Distribution: Motmtains of SW. India and from
long.
mm
sea-level
near
alt.,
1600 m
to
from NE. India into S. China, Hainan, and the Malay Peninsula.
V ernacular
nacular
name,
The specific
names:
but
further reference
no
teta
name
the
to
derived from
was
of this
use
name
Indian
an
ver-
has been found.
Selected specimens:
CHINA.
Yunnan:
Hainan:
BANGLADESH.
INDIA.
Chittagong
_
_
S i k k i
Assam:
Szemao,
M
Henry
How 71058
Yaichow,
Cowan
Division,
D'Alleizette
:
(L).
7210
&
Hooker
Khasia, o—4000ft,
9402B
(E).
Kwangsi:
—
Morse
Lungchow,
516
(FI).
-
(GH, K).
1562
(E).
.
Bengal:
West
—
Thomson
s.n.
(CGE).
Serampore,
Voigt
S. E.
Madras:
—
(CGE).
s.n.
Wynaad,
—
Gamble
15699 (K).
BURMA.
Maymyo,
Lace
THAILAND. Nakhon
VIETNAM.
MALAY
Caves,
Tonkin,
Islands:
b.
P.
subsp.
humilis
Stepney
Balansa
(BM).
s.n.
Robinson
6281
humilis
Andr.,
in
828
Aur,
Noor
(L).
&
West
Hill,
1955
(SING.)
Curtis
s.n.
—
Selangor:
(SING).
Batu
Langkawi
—
(BM, K).
Repos.
from
Phengkhlai
Shah
Penang:
(Andr.) Jessop,
Bot.
1808
Kuala
near
Pulau
—
&
Van Beusekom
(K).
280
Pahang:
PENINSULA.
Ridley
5576 (E).
Si Thammarat,
10
Pinang;
stat. nov.
(1811)
t.
634.
absence
in
of
—
TYPE:
introduced
material
preserved plant
in
the
the collection
plate
is chosen
of T. Evans
here
as
a
at
lecto-
type.
[Bulbisperma ovigera
Reinw.
Blume,
ex
(1840)
1123.
P. violacea
—
Wall.
Type: Java,
[Cat. (1828) n.
no
P.
P.
P.
Parish
courtallensis
P.
Wight,
Icones
Linn.
Wall,
macrophylla
&
ex
Thomson
macrostegia Hance, J.
22282
(p).
(1853)
6
Bot.
Soc.,
Bak., J.
(K
P.
59,
nom.
mid.
]
javanicum Dietr., Synopsis plantarum
2
]
ex
Bak., J.
Thomson
&
Linn.
Soc.,
Bot.
Keenati s.n.;
s.n.,
17
(1879)
Birma,
504.
—
Wallich
Syntypes:
s.n.,
Lobb
s.n.
&
Bot.
P,
t.
17
Linn.
2052.
Soc.,
sub Hooker
(1885) 328.
23
Type: India, Neilgherries, Wight
—
(1879) 506.
Bot.
f. s.n.),
—
—
17
(1879)
C.
B. Clarke
T ype:
2819,
(K, L).
Type: India, Daijeeling, Griffith 5840 (K, holo).
505.
China,
Syntypes: Himalaya, Sikkim,
—
s.n.;
Mishmi, Griffith 5841 (K, P).
Canton
Prov., Lo-fau-shan,
Ford in
Hance
(BM).
Lourya campanulata Baill.,
Hist.
(1823)
—
seen.
nud.
/.
15.
s.tt.
griffithii Bak., J.
Hook.f.
twm.
Hooker
Buitenz.
Jav. (1827)
specimen
5084,
Himalaya, Griffith 5842 (K, P),
(?K),
Cat. Gew.
Enum. PI.
Bulbospermum javanicum Blume,
Nat.
Paris
II,
6
Bull.
(1934)
Soc.
96.
—
Linn.
Paris
Type:
i
(1888)
743.
Cochinchina,
—
P.
campanulata Rodriguez,
cultivated
at
Paris
under
the
Bull.
name
Mus.
Tupistra
BLUMEA
156
Fig.
9.
Geographical
distribution of
Peliosanthes
VOL. 23,
teta
subsp.
No.
teta
1, 1976
(broken line)
and
subsp.
humilis
(solid line).
P.
J.
Bot.
P.
albida
Bak.,
P.
bakeri
Hook./,
Clarke
s.n.
Mishmi
(K);
5U1
Mo
t. 7110.
(1892)
S
—
(1896)
43
Penang,
43.
cultivated
Eastern
yntypes:
Khasia
(K);
s.n.
Soc. Bot. Fr.
Type:
—
267.
157
Hooker
Hills,
&
Thomson
Curtis
142
(K).
D. Hooker
(K),
s.n.
(K, L).
s.n.
Longki, Delavay 4989,
Yunnan,
Syntypes:
—
Kew,
at
Himalaya,/.
(P).
viridis
P.
(1890)
India 6
Hills, Griffith
Bull.
delavayi Franch.,
P.
116
Mag.
Fl. Brit.
Peliosanlhes
Jessop:
Ridley, J.
Kio, Changi,
Str.
Br.
etc.
no
As.
Roy.
Soc.
(1898)
31
95.
sub
specimens cited, (?BM
Chan
Type: Singapore,
—
Ridley 163,
sub
?SING
Ridley
Chu
Kang, Ang
Mo
1889, Ang
s.n.
Kio).
P.
lurida
Str.
Ridley, J.
sub
K, SING,
Br.
grandifolia Ridley,).
P.
the! Botanic
P.
s.n.
Br.
Br.
Str.
J.
Prov.
(K);
7233
Str.
(K); assigned
arisanensis
tashiroi
Kew
W. side
P.
of Barisan
& Kloss
monticola
P.
serrulata
Quoc
Pierre
P.
Pierre 6688
weberi
s.n.,
6688
(a
Diels
dasystachys
(1898)
31
97.
cultivated
Type: Malay Peninsula,
—
in
cited.
411.
97-
Syntypes:
—
Malay Peninsula, Penang,
River, Ridley
Tahan
(1916)
Thailand, Chiengmai,
Type:
—
Gcesink,
&
61—62.
(1912)
(1916)
6
94.
96.
8
States Mus.
Robinson
Kloss
&
States
Malay
Blumea
(1973)
20
Rawi
Type:
—
Syntypes:
—
Type: Taiwan,
—
(1917)
8
118.
Doi
Sootep,
Kerr
434.
Island, Ridley 13769 (K).
Mt.
Taiwan,
Arisan,
Karapin,
118.
(1917)
cult,
at
Tashiro
Taihoku,
s.n.
Syntypes: Sumatra, Barong Bharu,
—
without
(BM);
s.n.
Mus.
States Mus.
Kloss
Malay
Coll.
F.
Forbes 3221a1
locality,
Type:
—
Sumatra,
(BM, GH, L).
Kumbang River,
(1920)
10
121.
—
Syntypes:
Malay Peninsula, Tasan,
6534 (K).
States Mus.
M.
S.
Mus.
10
(1920)
Robinson
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
155.
Syntypes: Malay Peninsula, Perak,
—
(K).
s.n.
Paris
II,
6
(1934)
96.
Type: Tonkin,
—
cultivated
(P)Bull.
Mus.
Hist.
Nat.
Paris II, 6
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
Hist. Nat.
second
sheet
Paris
of Pierre
Fl.
Rodriguez,
II,
6688 is
Gen.
(1934)
Chevallier
(P); Cambodia, Kampot,
Bull. Mus.
ex
(1912)
Van Steenis
I.-C.
6
II,
96.
Syntypes:
—
Cochinchina,
Phu
31824 (P).
6
(1934)
(1934)
identified
(1934)
6
Brittonia
longibracteata Merrill,
kaoi
Ward
Ohwi, J. Jap.
Leaf lamina
(1941)
4
30.
(Vernay-Cutting expedition)
Bot.
42
(1967)
times
2—10
317—319.
long
as
as
—
97.
as
P.
672.
96.
—
—
Weber
Type: Tonkin,
Type: Cochinchine,
Phu
(P).
s.n.
Quoc I.,
serrulata) (P).
—
Type:
Tonkin, Cho-ganh,
Pitelot
2.0 mm
Type: Upper Burma, Ngawchang Valley,
north
of
(GH).
170
—
Type: Taiwan,
Kao
6870 (TNS, n.v.).
broad. Pedicels solitary in the axil of each fertile
bract. Flowers sometimes
but often
green,
white, blue, violet,
or
purple. Anthers
c.
0.5—
long.
Distribution: Mountains of SW India and from
in NE India
as
(BM,
(P).
Htawgaw,
P.
cited
s.ti.
Malay
Rodriguez,
pierrei Rodriguez,
s.n.
(1898)
31
Gelugur (?S/NG 48103, 48077); Pahang,
Formos. 6
Rodriguez,
s.n.
by
Straits 61
Mohea,
Fed.
Rodriguez,
I.,
Neolourya
N.
specimens
no
Penang,
(BM).
Fed.
Nat.
ex
Paris, Regnier
Bull.
Malay
Fed.
s.n.
Ridley, J.
labroyana Pierre
at
Soc.
Tasek
Formos.
Range,
Pulau
7016 (K);
Gunong Kerbau,
P.
PI.
Fed.
Ridley, J.
hypogyna Ridley, J.
Kloss
PI.
s.n., Nakahara
sessiliflora Ridley, J.
Robinson
P.
As. Soc.
Icon.
Hayata, Icon,
P. sumatrensis
P.
Soc.
specimens
As.
Roy.
Peliosanthes
to
Hayata,
& Sasaki
Hayata
P.
Type:
—
_
parviflora Ridley, J.
P.
95.
(k).
1087
P.
no
Wellesley,
Ophiopogon gracilipes Craib,
P.
(1898)
31
As.
Roy.
Gardens, Singapore,
Ridley,
stelaris
Ridley
As. Soc.
Roy.
Ridley 7095).
as
does
teta\ elsewhere
subspecies
teta, but it extends further north in
subsp.
near
sea-level
the mainland it has
on
China,
a
1600 m alt.
to
similar distribution
into Taiwan, and into Sumatra,
Java,
and Borneo.
Vernacularnames. Burmese: Taw-nagazet (Forest Botanists Collector
1555,
K).
Selected specimens:
CHINA.
MO).
K
—
Kwcichow:
wangsi: Lungchow,
TAIWAN.
Raisha,
Faurie
BANGLADESH. Namroa
NEPAL. Chula
INDIA.
Pin-fa,
Cavalerie
Kwangtung: Tscngshing
Chuli,
S i k k i
m:
Morse
993
(E).
District,
316 (Fl, K).
—
Yunnan:
—
Naatn
Kwan
Hainan:
Mengtze
Shan,
Po-ting,
Laan
How
S.
Fa,
Mts.,
Tsang
Henry
9402
20110
(A).
(E,
-
73466 (A, BO, SING).
963 (BM).
jungle, Griffith 5842 (K, 1).
Williams
below
220
Rishap,
(BM).
Gamble
1313A (K).
—
Assam:
Nongprang, Khasia,
Clarke
13221
VOL.
BLUMEA
23, No.
158
(K).
Madras:
—
BURMA.
Spur
Periya Shola, Palni,
Bourne 3031
1, 1976
(K).
Mulegit, Lace 6320 (E, K).
to
_
Nakhon
THAILAND.
LAOS.
VIETNAM. Sai
Perak:
SING).
—
Olip,
A
h:
je
t
Rahmat
Si
West:
JAVA.
LESSER
SUNDA
Clemens
SING
SFN
7309
s.n.
Tjibodas,
(BO).
Kota
(K, L).
Ulu
Kang,
SING).
Corporal
Negri
e
(BM).
s.n.
Temang,
Sembilan:
(BO, L, SING).
1124
P. P
—
—
(K,
30354
Lubok
Pahang:
—
SING).
Corner SFN
Ayam,
—
(BO, E, K).
30357
BM, BO, K,
Tinggi, Teruya
K,
29180 (BO,
Chinchin
—
Aioeb
9538 (BO, L).
n a
—
n
Penara
g:
P.
—
Bukit,
Tioman:
—
Tapanoeli: Padang Lawas,
—
G.
WestCoast:
—
(SING).
B.
Singgalang,
Benkoelen:
Exp. Jacobson
Beccari
Bengkulu, Ajoeb Exp. Jacobson
Simaloer:
540
(BO).
—
Backer 32992
(BO).
—
near
(FI, K).
231
Tapah,
—
282
E
Aek
a
s
t
(BO).
Achmad
s.n.
(FI).
Tjampea,
near
Soemberpoetjoeng,
East:
Achmad
Soembawa,
1709
G.
Merbaboe,
Docters
(BO).
Matang, Ridley 12418 (BM, K,
Bandjarmasin, Motley
Central:
(BO).
Beumee 2713
(K).
1031
SING).
S
—
b
a
West:
—
h:
a
Mt.
Bt.
Winkler
Mulu,
Kinabalu,
Penibukam
471
ridge,
40298 (BM, GFI, K).
Siantan,
ANAMBAS ISLANDS:
KARIMATA
Hondi
ISLAND :
Henderson
Terampa,
near
207
SFN
P. mairei Leveille, Bull.
NAMES
Geogr.
Bot.
(1915)
25
25.
Type: Yunnan, Lo-Chan,
—
(E). Identification uncertain; differs from Peliosanthes
alternate leaves and in lacking the staminal
stenophylla Merrill, Philipp. J. Sc.,
Bot. 13
corona.
(1918)
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris II, 6
having
in
Probably
134.
Prov., Loh Fau Mt., Merrill 10757 (GH). Transferred
by Rodriguez,
(SING).
20116
(BO, L).
EXCLUDED
P.
35426 (A,
048099 (SING).
Johore:
—
Henderson
Van Steenis
Dempoe,
South-East:
—
Kuah,
5287 (A, L).
Nur
G.
IS.
Kiah
Star,
Trengganu:
—
Baharu, Ridley
Kemiri,
Sarawak:
BORNEO.
(L).
Alor
Keriang,
(SING).
near
Riedel
G.
Leeuwen 318
van
G.
Bahru,
Billiton:
—
66
Phengkhlai
(BO, SING).
Toroes
Palembang:
(L).
&
Selangor: Ginting Simpah, Hume 8693 (SING).
3105
Kisap,
21709
Coast: Bandar
—
G.
(BM, SING). Singapore:
7095
SUMATRA.
Si
Is.:
Henderson
Surin,
—
SFN
Burkill
Tampin,
Langkawi
Ridley
H:
a
Kota
Kelantan:
23645 (SING).
Van Beusekom
Shan, Lomg Ngong Village, Dam-ha, Tonkin, Tsang
d
e
Park,
Nat.
Lenggong, Ridley 14484 (BM, SING).
Henderson
G.
K
Yai
(L).
s.n.
Mo
Wong
MALAY PENINSULA.
Khao
Ratchasima,
Attopeu, Joseph
aerial
Maire
s.n.
bearing
stem
Smilacina
Type:
—
spec.
China, Kwangtung
Ophiopogon stenophyllum
to
(1934)
an
95.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I
grateful
am
to
me
the
Director
of the
the
during
following
their
The
Dr.
present
Pretoria,
J.
of Peliosanthes
P.
W.
I
subsequently
Prof.
spent
Dr.
was
in
part
on
Leiden,
deal
great
a
made
Kalkman,
working
loans
the Liliaceae
who
of time
of SE.
Asia.
suggested
to
the facilities
of herbarium material of Peliosanthes
A, BM, BO, CAL, CGE,
study
C.
gave
that I should
discussing
the work.
of the Institute available
Many
other members
of
assisted in various ways.
Leenhouts,
provided
Steenis, Rijksherbarium,
van
and
Rijksherbarium,
herbaria
collections:
C. G. G.
1973/74 which
year
staff, especially
The
on
Prof. Dr.
the revision
untertake
The
to
supported by
E,
or
the facilities
FI, G, GH, K, L, MO, P, S, SING, U,
for
grant from the Council for Scientific and Industrial
a
working
Z.
Research,
South Africa.
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—
H. K.
SHAW,
ANDREWS,
H.
C.
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dictionary
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1811. Peliosanthes
BACKER, C.
A
1810. Peliosanthes
&
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Rep.
R. C. BAKHUIZEN
BAILLON,
H.
E.
BAKER, J.
G.
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Le
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—
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India
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D.
W. R.
The
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NAKAI,
T.
A. B.
RENDLE,
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—
—
—
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—
—
1920. On
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—
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L.
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189
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of theoretical
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30.
orientalis
of South
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plants
Malay
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Str.
Br.
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As. Soc.
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15 —234.
Adang.
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—65.
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from the
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I lemodoracees
g£n6rale
Indica
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of
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1934a.
W.
Flora
the
to
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and
Pteridophyta. J.
Fed.
Malay
9—140.
of the
Flore
of
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excursion
collection
a
Asiae
The Peliosanthes
1917. Introduction
1956.
plants
Brittonia
plantas
of Lower
(4):
Burma
I. SCOTT. 1938.
1950. The aloes
1898.
flora
States Mus. 8
—
L.
ad
1963. Classification
G. W.
REYNOLDS,
RIDLEY,
1938—39.
1941. Notulae
PRIESTLEY, J. H.,
IVIMEY-COOK.
Upper
2.
Karyotype
Siam. Ibid.
Peninsula.
Ibid.
65 —126.
10:
128—156.
4.
nouvelles
de l'lndo-Chine
Hortus
ed.
Malay
10:
6
(ed.
d'Indochine.
Lecomte
&
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
II,
6: 95—97.
Humbert).
Bengalensis.
(ed. Carey.)
alteration
and
phylogeny
in the
Liliaceae
and
allied
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57—I6I.
TOMLINSON,
P. B.
Adv. in Bot.
WANG,
F.
81—90.
T.,
1970.
Monocotyledons
—
towards
an
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Chinese
Liliaceae
their
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and
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Res. 3: 207—292.
&
T.
TANG.
1936.
Notes
on
III. Bull.
Fan
Mem. Inst.
Biol.,
Bot.
7
(2):