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PreAp Chemistry Name _____________________________ Guided Notes on Energy: Forms and Changes Per ___ Nature of Energy Energy is all around you! You can hear energy as _____________. You can see energy as __________. And you can feel it as ____________. You use energy when you: o ____ a softball. o ______ your book bag. o ___________ a spring. Living organisms need energy for ______________________ and ______________________.. Energy is involved when: o a bird flies, a bomb explodes, rain falls from the sky, and electricity flows in a wire. What is energy that it can be involved in so many different activities? o Energy can be defined as ________________________________________________________________. o If an object or organism does _________ (exerts a force over a distance to move an object) the object or organism uses energy. Because of the direct connection between energy and work, energy is measured in the same unit as work: ________________ ( ). In addition to using energy to do work, objects gain energy because __________________________________________________________________. Forms of Energy The five main forms of energy are: o _________________________________ o _________________________________ o _________________________________ o _________________________________ o _________________________________ Heat Energy o The internal motion of the atoms is called heat energy, because _________________________________________________________________. o Heat energy can be produced by ______________________. o Heat energy causes changes in _______________ and ___________ of any form of matter. Chemical Energy o Chemical Energy is required to _________________________________________. o And when bonds are broken, ______________________________. o Fuel and food are forms of ________________________. Electromagnetic Energy o Power lines carry electromagnetic energy into your home in the form of ______________. o ____________ is a form of electromagnetic energy. o Each color of light ( ) represents a different amount of electromagnetic energy. o Electromagnetic energy is also carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light. Nuclear Energy o The __________________ is the source of nuclear energy. o When the nucleus splits (________________________), nuclear energy is released in the form of ____________ energy and ____________ energy. o Nuclear energy is also released when nuclei collide at high speeds and join (______________). o The sun’s energy is produced from a nuclear fusion reaction in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei. o Nuclear energy is the most _________________ form of energy. Mechanical Energy o When __________ is done to an object, it acquires energy. The energy it acquires is known as _____________ energy. o When you kick a football, you give mechanical energy to the football to make it ________. o When you throw a balling ball, you give it energy. When that bowling ball hits the pins, some of the energy is ______________ to the pins. Energy Conversion o Energy can be changed from one form to another. Changes in the form of energy are called __________________________. o All forms of energy can be converted into other forms. The sun’s energy through solar cells can be converted directly into _____________. Green plants convert the sun’s energy (________________) into starches and sugars (__________ energy). Other energy conversions o In an electric motor, ______________ energy is converted to _______________ energy. o In a battery, ______________ energy is converted into ______________________ energy. o The ______________ energy of a waterfall is converted to _____________ energy in a generator. o In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convert _______________ energy into __________ energy. The _____________ energy is then changed into _______________ energy. States of Energy o The most common energy conversion is the conversion between ________________ and _____________ energy. o All forms of energy can be in either of two states: _____________ or _____________ Kinetic energy is the energy of _____________. Potential energy is _______________ energy. Kinetic Energy o The energy of motion is called _____________ energy. o The ______________ an object moves, the _____________ kinetic energy it has. o The _______________ the mass of a moving object, the _____________ kinetic energy it has. o Kinetic energy depends on both _____________ and _______________. o K.E. = What has a greater effect on kinetic energy, mass or velocity? ______________ Why? Potential Energy o Potential energy is ________________ energy. Stored chemically in _________________, the _______________________________________, and in ________________________, or stored because of the work done on it: _____________ a rubber band. __________ a watch. Pulling back on a bow’s arrow. Lifting a brick high in the air. o Gravitational Potential Energy Potential energy that is dependent on __________ is called ____________ _____________ energy. o Energy that is stored due to being ______________ or _______________ is called ____________ ________________ energy. Gravitational Potential Energy o A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a falling snowflake all have gravitational potential energy. o If you stand on a 3-meter diving board, you have _______ times the G.P.E, than you had on a ___________-meter diving board. o “The bigger they are the harder they fall” is not just a saying. It’s true. Objects with _____________ mass have ________ G.P.E. o The formula to find G.P.E. is G.P.E. = Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion o Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled ___________________ up the tallest hill, giving them a great deal of __________________ energy. From that point, the conversion between ____________________ and ___________________ energy powers the cars throughout the entire ride. o At the point of ______________ potential energy, the car has _____________ kinetic energy. o As a basketball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place. The Law of Conservation of Energy o Energy can be neither _____________nor ________________ by ordinary means. It can only be _______________ from one form to another. If energy seems to disappear, then scientists look for it – leading to many important discoveries. o In 1905, Albert Einstein said that _________________ and __________________can be converted into each other. o He showed that if _________________ is destroyed, ______________ is created, and if energy is destroyed mass is created. o E= Vocabulary Words o energy o mechanical energy o heat energy o chemical energy o electromagnetic energy o nuclear energy o kinetic energy o potential energy o gravitational potential energy o energy conversion o Law of Conservation of Energy