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PACER Program Pre-Preliminary Design Review Document For the Measuring, Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity at Increasing Altitudes Experiment By Knoxville College (KC) Prepared by: Team Spokesperson: Denae Bullard 06/23/2010 Munshi Idris 06/23/2010 Caitlin Johnson 6/23/2010 DeAnna Anderson 6/23/2010 Submitted: Reviewed: Revised: Approved: Dr. T. Gregory Guzik 06/23/2010 Dr. John Wefel 06/23/2010 PACER Signoff 06/23/2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover ............................................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. iii Graph........................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 Document Purpose ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 Document Scope ...............................................................................................................1 1.2 Change Control and Update Procedures ...........................................................................1 2.0 Reference Documents ......................................................................................................... 1-2 3.0 Goals, Objectives, Requirements ............................................................................................3 3.1 Mission Goal .....................................................................................................................3 3.2 Objectives .........................................................................................................................3 3.3 Science Background and Requirements ..................................................................... 4-10 3.4 Technical Background and Requirements ................................................................ 10-13 9.0 Master Schedule ....................................................................................................................14 9.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) ................................................................................14 9.2 Staffing Plan....................................................................................................................14 9.3 Timeline and Milestones ........................................................................................... 14-15 12.0 Glossary .............................................................................................................................15 Team Knoxville College ii Pre-PDR v4.0 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Shows the average relationship of Temperature vs. Altitude and the isothermal of the atmosphere marked by a circle………………………………………………………...….4 2. Shows pressure decreasing with high altitudes up the atmosphere…………………….…..6 3. Shows the relationship between altitude and average humidity……………………………7 4. Shows the relationship between altitude and temperature collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009…………………………………………..…….8 5. Shows the exponential fit on pressure collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009………..………………………………………………………….8 6. Shows the relationship between altitude and humidity collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009…………………………………………………..9 7. Shows the quadratic fit on temperature in the troposphere collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009……………………………………………….9 8. Shows Thermistors are commonly used in bridge circuits………………………………10 GRAPH 1. Shows the output voltage vs. Temperature of silicon temperature sensor……………….11 Team Knoxville College iii Pre-PDR v4.0 1.0 Document Purpose This document describes the preliminary design for the Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, and Imaging experiment by Team Knoxville College for the PACER Program. It fulfills part of the PACER Project requirements for the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) to be held June 23, 2010. 1.1 Document Scope This PDR document specifies the scientific purpose and requirements for the Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, and Imaging experiment and provides a guideline for the development, operation, and cost of this payload under the PACER Project. The document includes details of the payload design, fabrication, integration, testing, flight operation, and data analysis. In addition, project management, timelines, work breakdown, expenditures, and risk management is detailed in different sections. Finally, the designs and plans presented here are preliminary and will be finalized at the time of the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). 1.2 Change Control and Update Procedures Changes to this Pre-PDR document shall only be made after approval by designated representatives from Team Knoxville College and the PACER Institution Representative. Document change requests should be sent to Team members and PACER Institution Representative. 2.0 Reference Documents [1] Holton, James R., Judith A. Curry and Pyle, J. A. 2003. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences. Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press. [2] Lerner, K. L. and Lerner, Brenda. 2003. World of Earth Science. Gacl. [3] Labitzke, Karin G. and Loon Harry Van 1999. The Stratosphere: Phenomena, History, and Relevance. Singapore Tokyo: Springer. [4] Radiosondes. UW-Madison Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. <http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/wx-inst/wxi-raob.htm> (accessed June 18, 2010). [5] Atmosphere: Composition & Structure. Indiana University. <http://www.indiana.edu/~geog109/topics/01_atmosphere/atmos.htm> (accessed June 18, 2010). [6] Pidwirny, M. 2006. Atmospheric Science, Water and Environmental Monitoring. <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Atmospheric_humidity> (accessed June 18, 2010). [7] Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols. NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Web. <http://www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t_greenhouse.html>. (accessed June 18, 2010). Team Knoxville College 1 Pre-PDR v4.0 [8] Wolk, Carl. Humidity Data « Climate Change Clarity. <http://climatechangeskeptic.wordpress.com/2008/07/10/humidity-data/> (accessed June 19, 2010). [9] JASON Mission Center. The Physical Structure of the Atmosphere. JASON Science Home. < http://www.jason.org/digital_library/31.aspx>. (accessed June 19, 2010). [10] The Earth and the Atmosphere--Images and Diagrams. Welcome to the Physics Department at ISU. <http://www.physics.isu.edu/weather/kmdbbd/unit1_images.htm> (accessed June 20, 2010). [11] Atmospheric Soundings. Wyoming Weather Web. <http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html>. (accessed June 18, 2010). [12] Pressure Altitude. NOAA. <www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/projects/wxcalc/formulas/pressureAltitude>. (accessed June 21, 2010). [13] Capgo - Thermistor Temperature Sensors. Capgo - Data Acquisition and Data Loggers. < http://www.capgo.com/Resources/Temperature/Thermistor/Thermistor.html> (accessed June 22, 2010). [14] Roveti, Denes K. Choosing a Humidity Sensor: A Review of Three Technologies | Sensors Magazine. Sensors Magazine | Sensors Magazine | Sensor technology news and realworld sensor application. <http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/humiditymoisture/choosing-a-humidity-sensor-a-review-three-technologies-840> (accessed June 20, 2010). Kodak Zi8 Pocket Video Camera Camcorder - 1080p - 5.0 MP - Raspberry from Kodak in Camcorders & Digital Cameras. <http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=kodak+zi8&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IESearchBox&oe=UTF-8&rlz=1I7ADFA_en&um=1&ie=UTF8&cid=8665368401776391115&ei=cCcETLmN4T68AalhZWpDQ&sa=X&oi=product_catalog_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0 CDEQ8wIwAA# [15] Team Knoxville College 2 Pre-PDR v4.0 3.0 Goals, Objectives, Requirements 3.1 Mission Goal The goal of the project is to construct a payload that will measure the variations of temperature, humidity, and pressure as a function of altitude. 3.2 Objectives The objective of this project is to fly a payload that will reach an altitude of 100,000 feet to measure and record temperature, humidity, and pressure. The data collected will be compared to data retrieved from a Radiosonde via the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The footage from the camera will be used to recruit students for the PACER program at Knoxville College. The PACER experience will help us teach students at Knoxville College to apply physics to life. 3.2.1 Science Objectives Measure and record temperature as a function of altitude Measure and record pressure as a function of altitude Measure and record humidity as a function of altitude Determine records of temperature, pressure, and humidity from NOAA 3.2.2 Technical Objectives Graph temperature as a function of altitude Graph pressure as a function of altitude Graph humidity as a function of altitude Compare to Radiosonde data from NOAA Record a high resolution video Complete PDR, CDR, and FRR successfully Analyze post-flight weather data Produce recruiting video Produce a science report with valid results Successfully fabricate temperature, pressure, and humidity sensor interface Team Knoxville College 3 Pre-PDR v4.0 3.3 Science Background and Requirements Earth’s Atmosphere There are five layers of Earth‟s atmosphere: the Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere. These different levels of the atmosphere each have distinct characteristics from one another. The Troposphere (where human life exists) is the lowest atmosphere. This lowermost region is the planetary boundary layer. In this level of the atmosphere, temperature decreases with altitude, ranging from 17˚ C to 52˚ C. The Troposphere rises to an altitude of 14.5 km from the Earth‟s surface. It is within this level most weather and water vapor occurs. [1] It consists of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and a small amount of trace gases. [7] These components within the Troposphere are „well mixed‟ since it is constantly agitating and „turning over‟ as warm air at the surface upswings and colder denser air at altitude descends to take its place. The pressure in the Troposphere ranges from 1000 to 200 millibars. [5] Figure 1 shows the average relationship of Temperature vs. Altitude and the isothermal layers of the atmosphere marked by a circle. The Tropopause is the uppermost region of the troposphere which extends approximately 6 km to18 km from the Stratosphere. [1] As temperature shifts from the Troposphere to the Tropopause, temperature change creates turbulence. This is a result of high temperatures near the Earth‟s surface and high density rates due to gravity. [7] The Stratosphere is located between the Troposphere and the Mesosphere. In the lowermost region of the Stratosphere, temperatures are -60˚ C increasing with altitude. Air temperatures increase due to absorption from sunlight caused by the Ozone layer [3]. In the uppermost region of the Stratosphere, temperatures extend to a maximum of 0˚ C. In the lowermost region, temperatures are isothermal, meaning that temperature does not change. Figure 1 shows the isothermal areas of the atmosphere marked by a circle. [3] Team Knoxville College 4 Pre-PDR v4.0 The Stratosphere extends approximately 10 to 50 km above the Earth‟s surface. As Figure 2 shows, the pressure in the Stratosphere ranges from 200 to 0 millibars. The Stratopause is approximately 50 to 55 km above the earth‟s surface. It is the warmest level of the stratosphere. (Labitzke,et al. 1999). It separates the Stratosphere from the Mesosphere. [3] The Mesosphere is a level of the atmosphere at approximately 48 to 85 km above the Earth‟s surface. Temperature ranges from 50˚ C and decreases as low as -130˚ C. The uppermost region of the Mesosphere is the coldest of all the atmospheres. The highest clouds are located in this level of the atmosphere. They are known as Noctilucent Clouds (NLC) which is formed by ice particles that originate from water vapor in the Stratosphere. This water vapor in the Stratosphere eventually travels into the mesosphere and freeze. Very little water vapor and thin air are contained in the Mesosphere making it impossible for atoms and molecular gases to form together. Pressure within this level of the atmosphere is constantly 0 millibars.[1] Mesopause is the lowest level of the Mesosphere also known as the lower boundary of the Earth‟s partially ionized plasma blanket, called the ionosphere. Temperature in the Mesopause ranges from -103.15 ˚C to -73.15˚C. It extends approximately 80 to 85 km to the Thermosphere. [1] The Thermosphere consists of neutral gas temperatures increasing to an altitude of 200 km and then remains constant to heights exceeding 100 km. Its temperature ranges from 500 ˚C to 2000 ˚C. The isothermal (Figure 1) behavior of the upper Thermosphere rises because its thermal conductivity is so high that most of the energy absorbed by the gas is removed downwards. The limiting Thermospheric temperature is determined by incoming ultra-violet radiation, so that there are seasonal variations in heat input and variations over the solar cycle as well as the diurnal and latitude differences in temperature. Team Knoxville College 5 Pre-PDR v4.0 Pressure begins to decrease with high altitudes up the atmosphere, as shown in Figure 2. At 40 km in the atmosphere pressures change to 0 millibars, hence the change in slope in Figure 2. This reaction is unlike temperature. As pressures within the atmosphere decrease, the amount of oxygen per breathe decreases, this results as being incapable of breathing at low pressures. For this reason astronauts are required to wear space suits with an oxygen tank. Two measurement units are used when measuring pressure millibars and Pascals. At sea level the average pressure is 101325 Pascals (Pa) and 1013.25 millibars (mb). [10] Figure 2 shows pressure decreasing with high altitudes up the atmosphere. Team Knoxville College 6 Pre-PDR v4.0 Humidity is the place large amounts of water, in its liquid state, evaporate into atmospheric water vapors. Relative humidity changes in a parcel of air with an increase in air temperature. The amount of humidity the air can hold before rain is 100 percent. Humidity can be measured using many different instruments. Very often relative humidity is measured with a psychrometer. In Figure 3 it shows the relationship between altitude and average humidity as altitude increases the percentage of the relative humidity decrease. [6] Figure 3 it shows the relationship between altitude and average humidity Team Knoxville College 7 Pre-PDR v4.0 3.3.2 Studies of Temperature and Pressure vs. Altitude Weather balloons used to measure atmospheric conditions date back to 1855 to 1930. French meteorologist Leon Teisserenc de Bort pioneered the use of the weather balloon with balloonacquired data. He discovered the existence of the Troposphere. Since the 1930s, Radio Tracking Systems were invented and weather balloons were used as complete floating weather stations using instruments such as the thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, cameras and telescopes. [4] Pavel A. Molchanov, a Russian meteorologist successfully made radio soundings into the Stratosphere. It was 1936 when the U.S. Weather Bureau first used the radiosonde to measure temperature, moisture and wind data. Today there are over 70 weather stations around the U.S. These stations launch weather balloons twice daily approximately 0000 and 0012 GMT. One known location used to launch weather balloons is the Wyoming Department of Atmospheric Science. [4] The collected data from the University of Wyoming on July 25-31, 2009 was used to graph the relationship between temperature, pressure, and humidity with altitude shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6. Fort Worth, TX was the closest location to the balloon flight launching location. The dates chosen were selected because launch will take place July 27, 2010. The temperature, pressure and humidity vary with altitude 0 to 30000 meters which is equivalent to 550 to 100000ft. [11] Figure 4 above shows the relationship between altitude and temperature collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009 Figure 5 above shows the exponential fit on pressure collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009 Shown in Figure 5 the pressure is exponential with altitude, with maximum change within the first 10000 meters which is 32808.4 ft. The 1 hPa of change in pressure occurs in less than 40 ms. The sampling rate for pressure needs to be 1 sample every 35sec for an accurate reading. Team Knoxville College 8 Pre-PDR v4.0 Figure 6 above shows the relationship between altitude and humidity collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009 Figure 6 shows humidity as a function of altitude collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX. Humidity changes 60% every 5,000 m (16,404.20 ft.) throughout the day as seen in graph above. The balloon payload ascends at 1000ft/min, which converts to 304.8m/min. Calculations show relative changes 9.84% per minute. The sampling rate is 1 sample every 5.74% per 35 seconds. Figure 8 above shows the quadratic fit on temperature in the troposphere collected from a balloon payload in Ft. Worth, TX from July 25 – 31, 2009 Figure 8 shows that tropospheric temperatures are polynomial with altitude. The temperature increases at 2-07˚Celsius/m. The balloon payload ascends at 1000ft/min, which converts to 304.8m/min. Calculations show temperature changes 2.38˚C/min. The sampling rate is 1 sample every 35 seconds which is change of 1.38˚C/35sec. There will be approximately 100 samples taken throughout payload flight lasting for 100,000ft. Team Knoxville College 9 Pre-PDR v4.0 3.3.2 Science Requirements Take measurements with temperatures ranging from -60°C to 52°C Temperature accuracy within +/- 1.38°C Take measurements with pressure ranging from 1013.2mb to 0mb Pressure accuracy within 6,561.7 feet Take measurements with humidity ranging from 30% to 100% Humidity accuracy within 5.74% Measurements will be taken every 500 feet/35 seconds Real-time clock will record time 3.4 Technical Background and Requirements This section describes, in essence, the “principle of operation” of team KC‟s experiment. It provides a technical description of how our experiment works as well as the necessary requirements. 3.4.1 Technical Background The payload requires specific sensors for temperature, pressure, and humidity to determine atmospheric conditions. Two temperature-sensing methods include contact and non-contact. Contact sensing brings the sensor in physical contact with a substance or object. It can be used with solids, liquids, or gases. Non-contact (infrared) temperature sensing reads temperature by intercepting a portion of the infrared energy emitted by an object or substance, and detecting its intensity. Non-contact method is used to sense the temperature of solids and liquids. Non-contact sensor cannot be used on gases due to their transparent nature. Contact temperature sensors such as resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) generate varying resistance values. RTDs as a class are divided into two types including resistance wire RTDs and Thermistors (Thermally sensitive transistor). RTDs work by producing a predictable resistance at a given temperature. Resistance wire RTDs (generally platinum) has a positive coefficient by increasing resistance with temperature increase. Thermistors are generally negative coefficient by decreasing resistance with temperature increase. RTD is good for wide temperature range from -200 ° to 650 °C. The current drop across an RTD provides a much larger signal than thermocouple voltage output. Platinum and copper RTDs follow a more linear curve than thermocouples or most thermistors. Figure 8: Bridge Circuit Team Knoxville College Thermistors have base resistance that may be several thousand ohms. This provides a large signal change compared to resistance wire RTDs with same measuring current, negating leadwire resistance problems. Many new thermistor models are trimmed to very tight tolerances over limited temperature ranges. The resistance decreases with increasing temperature. Thermistors are commonly used in bridge circuits as shown in Figure 8. The resistive values Ra, Rb, Rc are kept constant while Rs (resistive sensor) varies with 10 Pre-PDR v4.0 temperature. Thermistors can measure temperature ranging from -80 °C to 120°C. Thermocouples are best suited to high temperatures, environmental extremes. RTDs are best for most industrial measurements over a wide temperature range, especially when sensor stability is essential for proper control. Thermocouples are relatively inexpensive and reliable. Physically, it is just two different metal wires joined in junction. These two wires create a temperature dependent voltage. The produced voltage can be measured and converted into temperature reading. The conversion, however, is nonlinear. Semiconductor temperature sensors can be installed directly on PC boards, heat sinks, underneath high-power integrated circuits, and in small portable electronic devices. A semiconductor temperature sensor is an integrated circuit that combines a temperature-sensing element with signal conditioning, output, and other types of circuitry on one chip. It relies on the change of voltage across a p-n junction, essentially a silicon diode, in response to a temperature change to determine the ambient temperature. As can be seen in Graph 1, when linear relationship between temperature and altitude is needed, silicon temperature sensors are a better choice. Silicon temperature sensors come in various output scales and offsets. Usually, the output of these devices is fed into A/D convertor to convert temperature data into digital data. [12] Graph 1: Output voltage vs Temperature of silicon temperature sensor A pressure sensor measures pressure, typically of gases or liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in terms of force per unit area. A pressure sensor usually acts as a transducer; it generates an electrical signal as a function of the pressure imposed. Pressure sensors can also be used to indirectly measure other variables such as fluid/gas flow, speed, water level, and altitude. There are many applications for pressure sensors including altitude sensing used in aircrafts, rockets, satellites, weather balloons. All these applications make use of the relationship between changes in pressure relative to altitude. Pressure sensors may be classified in term of pressure ranges they measure, temperature ranges of operation, and most importantly the type of pressure they measure. In terms of pressure type, pressure sensors can be divided into five categories: absolute pressure sensor, gauge pressure sensor, vacuum pressure sensor, differential pressure sensor, and sealed pressure sensor. Absolute pressure sensor measures the pressure relative to perfect vacuum pressure (no pressure). Therefore, it is equal to atmosphere pressure plus gauge pressure. Atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa at sea level with reference to vacuum. Gauge pressure sensor is used in different applications because it can be calibrated to measure pressure relative to a given atmospheric pressure at a given location. It is measured in reference to ambient air pressure, meaning absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. Vacuum pressure sensor is used to measure pressure less than atmospheric pressure at a given location. Differential pressure sensor Team Knoxville College 11 Pre-PDR v4.0 measures the difference between two or more pressures introduced as inputs to the sensing unit such as measuring pressure drop across an oil filter. Differential pressure is also used to measure flow or level in pressurized vessels. Sealed pressure sensor is the same as the gauge pressure sensor except that it is previously calibrated manufacturers to measure pressure relative to sea level pressure. Electronic pressure sensors use other properties (such as density) to infer pressure of a gas, or liquid. [5] Different types of pressure sensing technologies include piezoresistive strain gage, capacitive, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, optical, and potentiometric. Piezoresistive uses the piezoresistive effect of bonded or formed strain gages to detect strain due to applied pressure. Generally, the strain gauges are connected to form a wheatstone bridge circuit to maximize the output of the sensor. This is the most commonly employed sensing technology for general purpose pressure measurement. [13] Humidity can be measured using many methods including capacitive relative humidity (RH) sensors. RH sensors are widely used in industrial, commercial, and weather applications. They consist of a substrate on which a thin film of polymer or metal oxide is deposited between two conductive electrodes. The sensing surface is coated with a porous metal electrode to protect it from contamination and exposure to condensation. The substrate is typically glass, ceramic, or silicon. The incremental change in the dielectric constant of a capacitive humidity sensor is directly proportional to the relative humidity of the surrounding environment. The change in capacitance is typically 0.2 – 0.5 pF for a 1% RH change, while the bulk capacitance is between 100 and 500 pF at 50% RH at 25° C. Capacitive sensors are characterized by low temperature coefficient, ability to function at high temperatures (up to 200° C), full recovery from condensation, and reasonable resistance to chemical vapors. Two capacitor plates sandwich a polymer-based dielectric material that absorbs or releases water according to the relative humidity. The increase or decrease in water level changes the capacitance. The response time ranges from 30 seconds to 60 seconds for a 63% RH step change. Resistive humidity sensors measure the change in electrical impedance of a hygroscopic medium such as a conductive polymer, salt, or treated substance. A distinct advantage of resistive RH sensors in their interchangeability, usually within +/- 2% RH, which allows the electronic signal conditioning circuitry to be calibrated by a resistor at a fixed RH point. This eliminates the need for humidity calibration standards, so resistive humidity sensors are generally field replaceable. The accuracy of individual resistive humidity sensors may be confirmed by testing in an RH calibration chamber or by a computer-based DA system referenced to standardized humidity-controlled environment. Nominal operating temperature of resistive sensors ranges from -40°C to 100°C.[6] 3.4.2. Recording and Imagery A Kodak Zi8 Pocket Video Camera Camcorder will be used to take photo documentation of our balloon flight to show future PACER students. By showing them the results of our project we hope to persuade them into being interested in PACER as well as physics and astronomy. Team Knoxville College 12 Pre-PDR v4.0 3.4.2 Technical Requirements Payload must remain intact during flight and post-flight Payload should not weigh more than 500 grams Temperature Sensor should accurately measure temperatures ranging from -60°C to 52°C Temperature Sensor will be located on the top, outside of the payload box Pressure Sensor will be located inside the payload, on the BalloonSat. Pressure Sensor should accurately measure ranges from 1013.2milibars to 0milibars Humidity Sensor should accurately measure the atmosphere‟s humidity range approximately 30%- 100% Humidity Sensor will be located on the BalloonSat and the sensor will be outside of the payload box Measurements of temperature, pressure, and humidity should be taken every 35 seconds A pre-flight checklist will be made in order to ensure every task is complete for lift-off Team Knoxville College 13 Pre-PDR v4.0 9.0 Master Schedule This section describes how team KC will organize and manage the effort associated with our payload. 9.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 9.2 Staffing Plan Denae Bullard i. Project Management ii.Version Control Munshi Idris i. Integration ii. Calibrations Caitlin Johnson i. Science Requirements ii. Electronics iii. Mechanical DeAnna Anderson i. Flight Software ii. System Testing iii. Data Processing and Analysis 9.3 Timeline and Milestones Team Knoxville College 14 Pre-PDR v4.0 Major Milestones: Pre PDR PDR CDR CDR Presentation FRR FRR Presentation Payload Launch Science Presentation June 23, 2010 July 2, 2010 July 12, 2010 July 13, 2010 July 22, 2010 July 23, 2010 July 27, 2010 July 29, 2010 Major Project Task Categories: Science Requirements System Design Electronics Design Electronics Prototyping & Development Flight Software Design Flight Software Prototyping & Development Mechanical Design Mechanical Prototyping & Development Data Processing & Analysis Plan Development Flight Payload Component Fabrication Flight Payload Integration System Testing Calibrations Flight Operations Data Processing & Analysis 12.0 Glossary PACER CDR FRR PDR TBD TBS WBS NOAA Team Knoxville College Physics & Aerospace Catalyst Experiences in Research Critical Design Review Flight Readiness Review Preliminary Design Review To Be Determined To Be Supplied Work Breakdown Structure National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15 Pre-PDR v4.0