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Anatomy and Physiology
Ch 2: Chemistry
Worksheet
1. The smallest chemical units of matter are ______________________.
2. The protons and neutrons of an atom are found in the ____________________________.
3. Complete the following table (see table 2.2)
Particle
Electrical
Charge
Location in Atom
Mass
+1
Neutron
orbitals
4. Complete the following table (see Table 2.1)
Atomic
Element
% Body Mass
Symbol
O
Hydrogen
18.5%
Potassium
Na
1.5%
Chlorine
Fe
5. From each description, name the element (see Table 2.1)
a) The primary element in organic compounds –
b) Found in proteins and nucleic acids –
c) essential ion in muscle contraction & blood clotting –
d) essential for the transport of oxygen in red blood cells –
e) Essential for the production of thyroid hormones –
6. _____________________ bonds occur when electrons are shared.
7. In ionic bonds, the atom that gains an electron and thus has a net negative charge is called
a(n) ___________________. The atom that loses an electron and has a positive charge is
called the ___________________.
8. The pH scales goes from ______ to ______. With liquids having a pH below 7 being called
_________________, and liquids with a pH above 7 being called _________________.
Matching: Chemical Reactions
A. Decomposition
B. Synthesis
9. _____ A + B → AB
10. _____ AB → A + B
11. _____ AB + CD ↔ AD + BC
C. Exchange
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12. The four major classes of organic compounds are
a)
b)
c)
d)
13. The bonding of two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide requires a special
reaction called
___________________________ _________________________.
Matching: Carbohydrates
M = Monosaccharide
D = Disaccharide
P = Polysaccharide
14. ____ Glucose, fructose, galactose
15. ____ starches
16. ____ , ____ sweet tasting
17. ____ potatoes, rice, bread & pasta
18. ____ long term energy
19. Fats are used by the body as a ________________________ energy source.
20. The building blocks of proteins are called ______________________ ________________.
21. The type of protein that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions is called an
___________________.
22. How many different amino acids are there? ________
23. A substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called the ________________________.
24. Nucleic Acids are composed of smaller units called _________________________.
Matching (some will be used more than once)
a. Carbohydrate
e. Protein
b. Lipid
ab. Nucleic acid
c. ionic bond
ac. ATP
d. covalent bond
ad. Metabolism
25. ____ Bond formed when one atom loses an electron and another accepts that electron.
26. ____ The most important metabolic fuel of the body.
27. ____ The structural building blocks of all cells in the body.
28. ____ Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body.
29. ____ Found primarily of the nucleus of the cell.
30. ____ DNA or RNA.
31. ____ Made of amino acids.
32. ____ Sugar & starches.
33. ____ Used in the building of cellular membranes.
34. ____ Largest molecules of the body.
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35. The form of energy that is usable by all cells is called _______________.
36. The “fuel” that is used by cells and is the most important high energy compound is _______.
37. The attachment of phosphate group to and existing ADP molecule is known as
a) catabolism
b) anabolism
c) phosphorylation d) work
38. Where in the high energy molecule is the energy stored?
a) the phosphate
b) the bonds
c) the adenosine
d) the heat
39. Glycolysis produces a net gain of ______ ATP.
40. How many carbon atoms are in each pyruvic acid? _______
41. T / F
Glycolysis requires the presence of oxygen.
42. What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle?
43. Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell? _________________________
44. The Krebs cycle completely breaks down pyruvic acid into what two simple molecules?
a)
b)
45. Krebs cycle produces a net gain of _____ ATP.
46. NAD and FAD are carrier molecules that transport _______ ions to the Electron Transport
Chain.
47. As a result of cellular respiration, how many total ATP are produced from a single molecule
of glucose? _______
48. Fermentation is the breakdown of glucose without ___________________.
49. Fermentation results in the production of __________________ _________________,
which causes the burning sensation in your muscles following a strenuous workout.
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