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HumanAnatomy Unit3 REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM InAnatomyToday MaleReproductiveSystem • Gonads=testes – primaryorgan responsibleforsperm production – development/maintenan ceofsecondarysex characteristics • Gametes=sperm MaleReproductiveSystem AnatomyoftheTestes • Tunicaalbuginea • Seminiferoustubules – highlycoiled – sealedbytheblood testisbarrier – Siteofspermproduction • locatedintesticular lobules AnatomyoftheTestes HistologyoftheTestes • InterstitialcellsofLeydig – Interstitial endocrinocytes – Locatedbetween seminiferoustubules – testosterone • Sertolicells – Nursingcellsor sustentacularcells – formthebloodtestis barrier – supportsperm development DevelopmentofSperm • Spermformedbytwo processes – meiosis • Celldivisionresultingincells withgeneticallyvariedcells withonlyonecompletesetof DNA(remember…ourcells havetwocompletesets!) – spermatogenesis • morphologicalchangesas spermdevelopintubule system • 64daysinhumans – Cansurvive3daysin femalereproductive tract DevelopmentofSperm TheLongandWindingRoad… • • • • • • • • Seminiferoustubulesà Retetestisà Epididymisà Vasdeferensà Ejaculatoryductà Prostaticurethraà Membranousurethraà Penileurethraà TheEpididymis • Sperm“swimschool” • Commashapedorgan thatarchesoverthe posteriorandlateral sideofthetestis • Storesspermatozoa untilejaculationor absorption • Spermstoredforupto 2weeks VasDeferens • Extendsfromtheepididymis • Passesposteriortotheurinary bladder • Meetsthespermaticblood vesselstobecomethe spermaticcord • Enterspelvisthroughthe inguinalcanal • Ampullaeofthevas • Passesintotheseminal vesiclestoformthe ejaculatoryduct VasDeferens SeminalVesicles • Bilateral • Locatedonthe posterior/inferior aspectoftheurinary bladder • Produce60%of semen Prostate • Locatedinferiortothe urinarybladder • Surroundstheprostatic urethra • Sizeandshapeofa chestnut • Secretesabout1/3of semen Bulbourethral(Cowper’s)Gland • Locatedinferiortothe prostateandsuperiorto thepenis • Secretesanalkaline substancepriorto ejaculation • Neutralizesacidfrom urine Penis • Erectiletissue – cavernoustissuethat becomesengorgedwith bloodduringerection • Corpusspongiosum – surroundsthepenile urethra • Corporacavernosa(2) – locatedonthedorsal aspectofthepenis Penis • Glans – enlargedtipofthepenis • Prepuce – cuffoflooseskinthat coverstheglans – removedduring circumcision Scrotum • Thinsacofskin – superficialfasciaand smoothmuscle – dartos – holdsthetestesoutside ofthebody • Reducedtemperature aidsindevelopmentof sperm CremasterMuscle • Skeletalmuscle fibersextending fromtheinternal obliquemuscle • Responsiblefor elevatingthetestis TunicaoftheTestis • Tunicavaginalis – outpouchingofthe peritonealcavity – aseroussac • Tunicaalbuginea – thefibrouscapsuleof thetestes FemaleReproductiveSystem • Gonads=ovaries – almondshaped – flanktheuteruson eitherside – attachedtotheuterus andbodywallby ligaments • Gametes=oocytes – releasedfromtheovary duringovulation – Developwithinovarian follicles Ligaments • Broadligament – Attachestowallsandfloorof pelviccavity – Continuouswithparietal peritoneum • Roundligament – Perpendiculartobroadligament • Ovarianligament – Lateralsurfaceofuterus- -> medialsurfaceofovary • Suspensoryligament – Lateralsurfaceofovary- -> pelvicwall OvarianFollicles • Layersofepithelialcellssurroundingova • Primordialfollicle – mostimmatureoffollicles • Primaryfollicle – singlelayeroffollicular(granulosa)cells • Secondary – morethanonelayerandgrowingcavities • Graafian – Fluidfilledantrum – ovumsupportedbymanylayersoffollicularcells – Ovumsurroundedbycoronaradiata OvarianFollicles CorpusLuteum • Ovulationreleasestheoocytewiththecorona radiata • LeavesbehindtherestoftheGraafianfollicle • Folliclebecomescorpusluteum • Continuestosecretehormonestosupport possiblepregnancyuntilplacentabecomes secretoryornoimplantation • Becomescorpusalbicanswhennolonger functional CorpusLuteumandCorpus Albicans Uterine(Fallopian)Tubes • Ciliatedtubes – Passageoftheovumto theuterus – Passageofspermtoward theovum • Fimbriae – fingerlikeprojections thatcovertheovaryand sway,drawingtheovum insideafterovulation TheUterus • Muscular,holloworgan – supportstheembryo/fetusduringpregnancy • Threelayers – Endometrium • innerliningofcolumnarepithelium • highlymodifiedduringpregnancy – Myometrium • smoothmusclelayer – Perimetrium • adventitiaoftheuterus TheUterus TheUterus • Fundus – superiormostarea • Body – longestpartoftheuterus • Cervix – necklikeregionoftheuterusthatextendsintothe vagina – internalandexternalosaretheopeningsofthe cervix TheUterus TheVagina • Birthcanal – thinwalledexpandable tube – posteriortotheurethra andanteriortothe rectum – foldedwithrugae • Hymen – vascularcoveringtothe vagina ExternalGenitalia • Labia – Foldsthatprotectthevestibule • Major – dryskinwithhair • Minor – moistmucusmembrane • Clitoris – homologtotheglanspenis • containserectiletissue,aglans,bodyandprepuce • Perineum – diamondshapedregioncontainingtheurethral orifice,externalgenitalia,andanus ExternalGenitalia FemaleReproductiveSystem
