Download Cell Cycle, Cell Reproduction, Chromosomal Mutations Quiz Name

Cell Cycle, Cell Reproduction, Chromosomal Mutations Quiz
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and
nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely
A) a plant cell in metaphase.
B) a bacterial cell dividing.
C) an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis.
D) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.
1)
2) A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in
question is most likely in
A) prophase.
B) G1 .
2)
C) anaphase.
D) G2 .
Refer to the drawings in Figure 10.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages
of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
Figure 10.2
3) Which diagram(s) represent(s) anaphase II of meiosis?
A) III only
B) either II or V
C) II only
D) V only
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3)
4) A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A) a zygote.
B) a somatic cell of a male.
C) a sperm.
D) an egg.
4)
5) Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during
A) meiosis II.
B) mitosis.
C) fertilization.
D) meiosis I.
5)
6) One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous
chromosome. What is this alteration called?
A) transversion
B) translocation
C) deletion
D) inversion
6)
7) Abnormal chromosomes are frequently found in malignant tumors. Errors such as translocations
may place a gene in close proximity to different control regions. Which of the following might then
occur to make the cancer worse?
A) death of the cancer cells in the tumor
B) an increase in nondisjunction
C) a decrease in mitotic frequency
D) sensitivity of the immune system
E) expression of inappropriate gene products
7)
8) An inversion in a human chromosome often results in no demonstrable phenotypic effect in the
individual. What else may occur?
A) All inverted chromosomes are deleted.
B) The individual is more likely to get cancer.
C) Some abnormal gametes may be formed.
D) There is an increased frequency of mutation.
8)
9) A couple has a child with Down syndrome. The mother is 39 years old at the time of delivery.
Which of the following is the most probable cause of the child's condition?
A) One member of the couple carried a translocation.
B) The mother had a chromosomal duplication.
C) One member of the couple underwent nondisjunction in gamete production.
D) One member of the couple underwent nondisjunction in somatic cell production.
9)
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10) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of _____.
A) DNA and RNA
B) DNA and histone proteins
C) DNA and transmembrane proteins
D) DNA only
10)
11) What is the final result of mitosis in a human cell?
A) genetically identical 2n somatic cells
B) genetically identical 1n somatic cells
C) genetically identical 2n gamete cells
D) genetically different 2n somatic cells
11)
12) A centomere is
A) an abnormal cluster of histone proteins
B) equal to 100 meres
C) a part of the spindle aparatus
D) a protein disk that attaches sister chromatids
12)
13) Scientists isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. They find a group of cells that have 1
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2
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times more DNA than G1 phase cells. The cells of this group are _____.
A) between the G1 and S phases in the cell cycle
B) in the S phase of the cell cycle
C) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle
D) in the M phase of the cell cycle
14) The first gap in the cell cycle (G1 ) corresponds to _____.
A) the phase between DNA replication and the M phase
B) the beginning of mitosis
C) the phase in which DNA is being replicated
D) normal growth and cell function
14)
15) The mitotic spindle is a microtubular structure that is involved in _____.
A) dissolving the nuclear membrane
B) separation of sister chromatids
C) splitting of the cell (cytokinesis) following mitosis
D) triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes
15)
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16) Kinetochore microtubules assist in the process of splitting centromeres by _____.
A) using motor proteins to split the centromere at specific arginine residues
B) sliding past each other like actin filaments
C) creating tension by pulling toward opposite poles
D) phosphorylating the centromere, thereby changing its conformation
16)
17) Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents
_____.
A) the functioning of motor proteins that facilitate elongation of microtubules
B) formation of a cleavage furrow
C) nuclear envelope breakdown
D) the functioning of motor proteins that facilitate the shortening of microtubules
17)
18) Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is _____.
A) inactive, or "turned off," in the presence of cyclin
B) the enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of chromosomes to microtubules
C) an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins
D) present only during the S phase of the cell cycle
18)
19) Which of the following is a protein synthesized at specific times during the cell cycle that associates
with a kinase to form a catalytically active complex?
A) MPF
B) Cdk
C) cyclin
D) PDGF
19)
20) Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a
tumor?
A) changes in the order of cell cycle stages
B) inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate
C) inability to form spindles
D) the process of apoptosis cannot occur
20)
21) Anchorage dependence of animal cells in vitro or in vivo depends on which of the following?
A) response of the cell cycle controls to the binding of cell-surface phospholipids
B) response of the cell cycle controls to signals from the plasma membrane
C) the binding of cell-surface phospholipids to those of adjoining cells
D) attachment of spindle fibers to centrioles
21)
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22) A research team began a study of a cultured cell line. Their preliminary observations showed them
that the cell line did not exhibit either density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence.
What could they conclude right away?
A) They were originally derived from an elderly organism.
B) The cells are unable to form spindle microtubules.
C) The cells show characteristics of tumors.
D) They have altered the series of cell cycle phases.
22)
23) For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most
desirable?
A) It interferes with rapidly dividing cells.
B) It interferes with cells entering G0 .
C) It does not alter metabolically active cells.
D) It is safe enough to limit all apoptosis.
23)
24) Exposure of zebrafish nuclei to meiotic cytosol resulted in phosphorylation of NEP55 and L68
proteins by cyclin-dependent kinase 2. NEP55 is a protein of the inner nuclear membrane, and L68
is a protein of the nuclear lamina. What is the most likely role of phosphorylation of these proteins
in the process of mitosis?
A) They are involved in the disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
B) They assist in the movement of the centrosomes to opposite sides of the nucleus.
C) They enable the attachment of the spindle microtubules to kinetochore regions of the
centromere.
D) They are involved in the disassembly and dispersal of the nucleolus.
24)
25) Density-dependent inhibition is a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing at some
optimal density and location. This phenomenon involves binding of a cell-surface protein to its
counterpart on an adjoining cell's surface. A growth inhibiting signal is sent to both cells,
preventing them from dividing. Certain external physical factors can affect this inhibition
mechanism.
25)
Select the statement that makes a correct prediction about natural phenomena that could occur
during the cell cycle to prevent cell growth.
A) As cells become more numerous, the amount of required growth factors and nutrients per cell
becomes insufficient to allow for cell growth.
B) As cells become more numerous, the protein kinases they produce begin to compete with
each other until only one cell has the proteins necessary for growth.
C) As cells become more numerous, more and more of them enter the synthesis part of the cell
cycle and duplicate DNA to inhibit cell growth.
D) As cells become more numerous, they begin to squeeze against each other, restricting their
size and ability to allow cell growth.
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26) Homologous chromosomes _____.
A) align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II
B) are identical
C) carry the same alleles
D) carry information for the same traits
26)
27) When we first see chiasmata under a microscope, we know that _____.
A) anaphase II has occurred
B) prophase I is occurring
C) separation of homologs has occurred
D) meiosis II has occurred
27)
28) When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?
A) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged.
B) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.
C) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA.
D) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA.
28)
29) Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution.
Biological systems have multiple processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation.
They are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms.
29)
Which statement best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?
A) Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not
contribute to genetic diversity.
B) Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, there is no mechanism for them to add
genetic diversity for evolution.
C) Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations and the extchange
in genetic material in meiosis can be shuffled between organisms.
D) In order to increase genetic diversity for evolution in sexually reproducing organisms,
mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilization.
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30) During meiosis, a defect occurs in a cell that results in the failure of microtubules, spindle fibers, to
bind at the kinetochores, a protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during
cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. Which of the following is the most likely result of such
a defect?
A) The defect will be bypassed in order to and ensure normal chromosome distribution in the
new cells.
B) The resulting cells will not receive the correct number of chromosomes in the gametes, a
condition known as aneuploidy.
C) New microtubules with more effective binding capabilities to kinetochores will be
synthesized to compensate for the defect.
D) Excessive cell divisions will occur resulting in cancerous tumors and an increase in the
chromosome numbers known as polyploidy.
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Answer Key
Testname: CELL CYCLE 2015
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