Download HERE - pgcps

Multiple Pathways To Success
Quarter 2 Learning Module
Aligned with Maryland State Standards
AI
A
9
WITH
COMMON CORE
STATE STANDARDS
Science
Biology
Unit 3 and 4
Copyright July 31, 2014— Drafted December 16, 2015
Prince George's County Public Schools
Board of Education of Prince George's County, Maryland
PGCPS
ekte4c
Dear Scholars,
As you move through the Biology curriculum, the level of academic rigor will increase. This could potentially
lead to gaps in your understanding. Therefore, this learning module has been designed to assist you in
acquiring and strengthening the essential skills needed for successful completion of Biology Common Core.
Your experiences with this module will also help to remediate misconceptions, confusion, and rebuild areas of
weakness.
Sincerely,
Writers of the Multiple Pathways to Success Modules
2015-2016
Biology Quarter 2 Indicators
Indicator
Description
3.1.1
The student will be able to describe the unique
characteristics of chemical substances and
macromolecules utilized by living systems
3.1.2
The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the
regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic
mechanism
3.1.3
The student will be able to compare the transfer and use
of matter and energy in photosynthetic and
non-photosynthetic organisms
3.2.1
The student will explain processes and the function of
related structures found in unicellular and rnulticellular
organisms
3.2.2
The student will conclude that cells exist within a narrow
range of environmental conditions and changes to that
environment, either naturally occurring or induced, may
cause changes in the metabolic activity of the cell or
organism.
Unit 3:
Chemical Compounds, Water, pH and Macromolecules
There are two types of compounds (substances that contain more than one type of element):
1.Organic compounds — contain carbon, found in nature or organisms, may also contain H, 0, or N and to
a lesser extent P, S, Fe, Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, and K (relatively few elements compared to the number of
elements on the periodic table). They are often very large and complex molecules.
2. Inorganic compounds — anything that is not organic is inorganic. As a rule, inorganic compounds do
not
contain carbon (C), but there are exceptions.
Water
There is more water on Earth than any other substance. Water is the most important inorganic compound, all
living organisms require water to survive. The water molecule has the molecular formula, H20, meaning that it
has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The water molecule is a polar molecule which means that
the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge and the oxygen side has a slightly negative charge. See
diagram below.
Water's polarity allows for it to have many unique properties. These properties are:
1) Universal solvent - the positive and negative charges in water allow for it to pull apart
molecules, allowing them to dissolve in water. This is important biologically because it can
help in transporting nutrients throughout our body (in our blood) or help in eliminating waste
products.
2) Density - water is unique because it is more dense as a liquid than a solid. This allows for
solid water (ice) to float. This has biological significance because organisms can survive under
the ice during colder months because it acts as an insulator.
3) Cohesion - due to the polarity of water, water is attracted to itself. This allows for water
molecules to stick together, and can contribute to surface tension. Surface tension is what
allows insects to walk on water.
4) Adhesion - this occurs when water is attracted to another substance other than itself.
Adhesion contributes to the process of capillary action, which plants use to help pull water up
their stems against gravity.
Solutions and Suspensions
A solution is a mixture containing two or more substances. In the mixture the solute is the substance that
is dissolved by the solvent.
Solute
Solution
phi
is the measure of hydrogen ions in solution. As substances are dissolved in water they can break apart
the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen. By measuring the amount of hydrogen in solution, we can
determine the pH of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0-14. Solutions can be considered acidic, neutral or
basic depending on their pH (see picture below).
Neutral
Acidic
Basle
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Battery Lemon
Add Juice
Wine Normal Dist lied Baking
RAIn Water Soria
soft Ammonia Lye
SOap
Macromolecules
Large organic carbon based compounds are called macromolecules. There are four classes of
macromolecules used by living things.
Macromolecule
Monomer
Function
Example
Carbohydrate
r , /
/ "pr /
monosaccharide
short-term energy
glucose, sucrose
Proteins
amino acids
speed up chemical
reactions
body structures/chemicals
enzymes
nucleotides
stores and transmits
genetic information
DNA, RNA
. lain
Inn
ado
illi
odd
add
Nucleic Acids
•
\
Lipids
glycerol & fatty acids
long-term energy
triglycerides
any acid I
1g
'ally add
am
My arid
Minerals and Vitamins
Minerals are inorganic molecules (do not contain carbon) that can be used in cellular processes. Examples
include: phosphorus, zinc, and iron.
Vitamins are organic compounds use in the body. Each vitamin has specific functions/roles to help the
human body.
Role/Function
Vitamin
Vitamin C
wound healing
Vitamin D
bone growth
Vitamin K
blood clotting
Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts: this means that they speed up the chemical reactions in living things.
A catalyst is any substance that makes a chemical reaction faster, without being changed itself. Catalysts can
be used over and over again in a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the catalysts of biological chemical
reactions.
A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more chemical compounds. A chemical reaction
involves reactants and products. A reactant is what goes into the reaction and the product is what comes out
(the result).
Enzyme
Enzymes are made up of protein. They are specific for one type of chemical reaction. This means that we
have thousands of enzymes that help perform chemical reactions in our bodies. An enzyme's specificity is
dependent upon its structure. Each enzyme has an active site which mediates the reaction. The active
site works or "acts on" the substrate to help build or break down substances. The active site is specific for the
substrate the enzyme works on. This it gives an enzyme its specificity.
Products
Substrate
Active site gimp
Enzyme
Enzyme-substrate
complex
Enzyme
Enzymes like catalysts can be used over and over again, but are sensitive to their environment. Each enzyme
functions at an optimal temperature and pH. If environmental conditions are changed, such as a
decrease/increase in pH or an increase in temperature the enzyme can become denatured. Denatured
means that the enzyme has changed shape and can no longer function properly. A decrease in
temperature (getting colder) won't denature the enzyme, but it will slow it down.
The following graph indicates the optimal pH for two different enzymes pepsin and trypsin. The optimal pH is
indicated by the peak of the line. Therefore, the optimal pH for pepsin is 3 and the optimal pH for trypsin is
7. The enzyme activity (rate of reaction) decreases on either side of the optimal pH due to denaturation.
Rate of reaction
Enzymes and pH
Trypsin
Pepsin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pH
Enemy Transfer: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
All living things must have energy to carry out life processes. All energy for living things on Earth comes from
the sun. Only plants can trap the sun's energy on chlorophyll, a special energy molecule located in the
chloroplast of the plant. The plant uses this energy from the sun to make glucose through the process of
photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is chemical reaction that is mediated by enzymes. The reactants are
carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen. Energy from the sun is stored in the
chemical bonds of the glucose molecule. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6002 ± 6H20 -* 06H1206 + 602
Chemosynthesis
Some organisms do not have access to sunlight and use an alternative way to create energy. The do this
using chemosynthesis, converting inorganic chemicals into a form of energy. This process is typically
performed by bacteria that live at the bottom of the ocean.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a process where the energy in glucose is converted and stored in the energy molecule
ATP. Cellular respiration is performed by cells containing mitochondria. ATP is the energy currency used by
all cells to drive cell processes.
The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose (which we get from food) and oxygen. The products are
carbon dioxide and water. The chemical equation is below:
06H1206 + 602 ---). 6002 + 6H20
There are two forms of cellular respiration, aerobic and
anaerobic. In aerobic respiration, the cell uses more
oxygen and makes more ATP. In anaerobic
respiration, there is NO oxygen present and the cell
makes less ATP.
Unit 3 Questions:
1. What 2 elements is water made of?
2. What does it mean to be a polar molecule?
3. Which is more negatively charged in the water molecule?
A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
4. If I am making chocolate milk what is the solute and what is the solvent?
Solute:
Solvent:
5. Derrick is making some black cherry kool-aid. Is the kool-aid mix the solute or the solvent?
A. Solute
B. Solvent
6. Is oil and water an example of a solution or a suspension?
A. Solution
B. suspension
7. When the cells of most organisms freeze, they burst. Which property of water causes this
to occur?
a. Water is a universal solvent.
b. Water changes temperature rapidly.
c. Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.
d. Water is a non polar molecule.
8. Fluoride is added to drinking water supplies in many states. People cannot see fluoride in
the water because it
a. turns into water
b. settles to the bottom of a container
c. dissolves to form a colorless solution
d. is less dense than water so it floats
9. Some adult insects are unable to swim but are able to walk on top of water. What
characteristic of water enables these insects to walk on top of water?
a. pH
b. surface tension
c. solvent properties
d. atomic bonds
10. Water dissolves many substances. This occurs because water has:
a. surface tension
b. polarity
c. specific heat
d. cohesion
11. The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay is measured by the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality
Monitoring Program. Scientists measure the salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to help
determine the health of the Bay. Healthy water also contains appropriate amounts of nutrients.
Monitoring water quality helps communities make decisions about the Bay. Measuring oxygen levels
of the Bay provides scientists with information about which process?
A mitosis
B meiosis
C chemosynthesis
D photosynthesis
The characteristics listed below can be used to describe some molecules.
1. inorganic
2. supplies energy and fiber
3. component of plant cell walls
4. part of DNA
5. made of nucleotides
12. Which of these sets of characteristics describes a carbohydrate?
A 1-3-5
B 2-3-4
C 2-4-5
D 1-3-4
13. Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule?
F fatty acids
G nucleotides
H amino acids
J chromosomes
14. Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
A) 602 + 6H20 + light energy = C12H606 + 602
B) 6CO2 + 6H20 + sugar = C6H1206 + 602
C) 6CO2 + 602 + light energy = C6I-11206 + 6H20
D) 6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy = C6I-11206 + 602
15. Which of the following equations is the correct one for the respiration equation?
A) C6H1206 + 6H20 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20
B) C6H1206 + 602 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20
C) C6H1206 + 602 = Released energy (ATP)+ 602 + 6H20.
D) C12H606 + 602 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20.
16. Which change in a sample of pond water could indicate that heterotrophic single—celled
organisms were active?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
increase in oxygen level
increase in glucose level
decrease in oxygen level
decrease in carbon dioxide level
17. Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
(a) diffusion
(b) photosynthesis
(c) respiration
(d) active transport
18. Which statement best describes cellular respiration?
(a) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells.
(b) It converts energy in food into a more usable form
(c) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.
(d) It stores energy in food molecules.
A biology class measured the pH of the water in four ponds. The data are recorded in the table
below.
Pond pH
19. Which pond has the most acidic water?
F Pond 1
G Pond 2
H Pond 3
J Pond 4
1
6.0
2
7.5
3
7.0
4
5.3
20.
Choose the graph that shows the optimum
pH for this enzyme.
pH= 5.0
Time
Time
lime
A. pH = 5.0
B. pH = 7.0
C. pH = 3.0
21.
What is the optimum pH for this
enzyme?
A. pH = 9
B. pH = 10
C. pH = 11
22. What are the building blocks of lipids?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Fatty acids
C. Amino acids
23. What is one main function of lipids?
A. To store and transmit genetic information
B. Short — term energy use
C. Main component of biological membranes
24. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
A. Hydrogen
B. Nucleotides
C. Amino acids
25. What is the functional role of a nucleic acid?
A. To store and transmit genetic information
B. Energy storage
C. The main component of biological membrane
26. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A.
B.
C.
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
Amino acids
27. What is the name of the protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions?
A.
B.
Enzymes
Fast proteins
28. Which of the following is a structural component of plant cell walls?
A. Cellulose
B. Sturdy stuff
C. Monosaccharides
29. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nucleic acids
Glucose
Monosaccharides
Carbs
30. True or false — Carbohydrates are used for short-term energy
A. True
B. False
31. A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and
places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen
to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue?
A They will increase.
B They will decrease.
C They will stay the same.
D They will increase and level off.
32. A scientist believes that a factory has been dumping acid into a local river. To test this
hypothesis, which property of water should the scientist monitor?
A pH
B density
C polarity
D temperature
33. A dog gets many nutrients from its food including amino acids. Which of these can be built
directly using the amino acids?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. minerals
34. Catalase is an enzyme. What type of molecule is catalase?
A. a lipid
B. a protein
C. a nucleic acid
D.a carbohydrate
35. Striped fish are affected by biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Which of these factors
is biotic?
F water temperature
G mineral nutrients
H freshwater algae
J inorganic sediments
36.
What temperature does the
enzyme work best at?
Temperature =
Temperature =
25°C
30°C
0
o
.in
0
XI
Ci)
CI)
-M
=
A.
25°C
B.
30°C
C. 35°C
37.
Amylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest
starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the
structure of amylase?
fatty acid
nucleolld
nucleotide
--I laity acid
nucleotide
Iron&
nucleotide
oculoildt
fatty acid
amino
acid
amino
add
amino
acid
amino
add
sugar
Unit 4:
Cells and Cell Transport
What is a cell?
Cells were discovered by scientist Robert Hooke when examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope.
Based on the work of Robert Hooke and other scientists the cell theory was developed:
1) All living things are composed of cells
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3) New cells are produced from existing cells
All living things are made of cells, the basic unit of life. There are two types of organisms, unicellular and
multicellular. Unicellular organisms are single-celled organisms. Multicellular organisms are made of up
of two or more cells and function using an organized system of cells.
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Early Life
Microscope
A lot of what we know about cells is due to the piece of scientific equipment known as the
microscope. A microscope functions by magnifying material that cannot normally be seen with the
naked eye.
A basic microscope contains three objectives:
1) Low powered (4X).
2) Medium powered (10X)
3) High powered (40X)
The ocular lens is usually 10X magnification. So when viewing an object on low power it is magnified 40 times
its original size, medium power is 100 times its original size and high powered is 400 times is original size.
Ocular lens - usually 10X magnifloation
Revolving nosepiece
Medlurn-power
objective lens
High-power
objective lens
Body tube
Low-power
objeCtive
lens
Arm - connects the base
and barrel
Stage clip - holds slide
firmly in place
Stage - supports slide
Iris diaphragm - regulates the light
Projection lens
Coarse focus - raises and
lowers the stage for focusing
Fine focus - slightly moves
the stage to sharpen the image
Power switch - turns the
Illumination on and off
Base - supports
the microscope
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Cells can be classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are very simple cells that contain
only 4 basic ingredients: cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome and genetic material. They have no nucleus or
organelles. An example of a prokaryote is bacteria.
Eukaryotes are much more complex. In addition to the 4 basic ingredients, a eukaryote also contains a
nucleus and organelles.
Cell Organelles
Cell Membrane — The Cell Membrane regulates what comes into and out of the cell. It also holds the cell
together.
Cell wall - found only in plant cells. It gives plants their shape and is rigid. It is made of cellulose.
Nucleus — The nucleus of the cell is the command center. It is like the brain of the cell in that it tells the other
organelles what to do. Has its own membrane called the nuclear envelope
Nucleolus - within the nucleus (darkened region), creates ribosome subunits
Centriole - helps in cell division
Cytoplasm — Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material that surrounds the organelles within the cell. It supports and
suspends the organelles and fills up the space within the cell membrane.
Mitochondria — The mitochondria is powerhouse of the cell. It gives the cell energy.
Chloroplast - Found only in plant cells, it contains chlorophyll to trap energy from the sun for photosynthesis
Vacuoles — The vacuoles store waste and water inside the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum — The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials throughout the cell.
Vesicles - package created by golgi apparatus
Golgi Apparatus - packages materials that will be secreted by the cell
Lysosome - contains digestive enzymes, breaks down materials brought into the cell
Ribosomes — Ribosomes create proteins for the cell. Proteins are very important to the cell, and is involved
in all major functions.
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Cell Movement
Flagella - are long protein fibers that whip back and forth to help single-celled
organisms move. Flagella are also found on individual cells in multicellular
organisms like human sperm.
Cilia - are hair-like fibers that wave back and forth and allow movement in
organisms like the paramecium.
Pseudopods - are extension of the cytoplasm. Often used by amoeba for motility.
Cell Membrane
Biological membranes are sheet-like structures composed mainly of lipids and proteins. All biological
membranes have a similar general structure. Membrane lipids are organized in a bilayer (two sheets of
lipids making up a single membrane). The proteins, on the other hand, are scattered throughout the
bilayer and perform most membrane functions. Membranes are two-dimensional: both lipids and proteins are
constantly in motion.
The fluid-mosaic model is our current understanding of membrane structure. It describes both the "mosaic"
arrangement of proteins embedded throughout the lipid bilayer as well as the "fluid" movement of lipids and
proteins alike.
The cell membrane has several important functions. The cell membrane is a barrier between the outside
and inside of the cell. It allows some molecules to come in and other molecules to stay outside. The barrier
is made from two layers of phospholipids. The second function of cell membranes is to allow certain
substances to enter the cell. The molecules that allow this to happen are proteins, which require energy to
function. These proteins are called transmembrane proteins because they go through both layers of the cell
membrane. Another function is to allow cells to communicate with other cells or body systems. Messages are
received by carbohydrates on the outside of the cell, and others are received by specialized proteins, called
integral proteins, which are located on either the inside or outside of the cell membrane.
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Transport Across Cell Membrane
All the chemicals of life (water, macromolecules, etc.) must be kept in balance. This balance is called
homeostasis.
Cell membranes function to help maintain homeostasis and balance by controlling what goes in and out of the
cell. Movement of materials across a cell membrane can be broken down into two types: passive transport
and active transport.
Passive transport is mediated by concentration gradients, and requires NO energy. There are two major
types of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis.
1. Diffusion: Particles will move from where they have the most number (high concentration)
to where there are less of them (low concentration). Particles will keep moving from high to
low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is when the concentration is
equal on both sides of the membrane.
2. Osmosis: Movement of water across of membrane from an area of higher to lower
concentration until equilibrium is met. Movement of water into and out of a cell is dependent
on the concentration of water molecules.
a. Isotonic: equal number of water molecules on both sides of the membrane
b. Hypertonic: more water inside the cell than outside, so water leaves the cell and the
cell shrinks
c. Hypotonic: less water inside the cell than outside, so water enters the cell and it
swells/bursts.
(a) Hypotonic solution
(b) Hypertonic solution
6) Isotonic solution
Net water gain
Cell swells
Net water loss
Cell shrinks
No net loss or gain
Active transport is movement across the membrane that REQUIRES energy (ATP). Energy is required
because molecules are being moved AGAINST the concentration gradient from low to high
concentration. Active transport requires the use of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane to help
move the molecules.
Unit 4 Questions
38. The cell theory states that new cells are produced from:
a.
nonliving material
existing cells
b.
cytoplasm
c.
d.
animals
39. A scientist removed the cell membranes from bacteria cells in a culture. She analyzed the cell
membranes for specific molecules. Which of these was probably the most common type of molecule
present in the bacteria cell membranes?
a.
lipid
amino acid c.
b.
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
d.
40. A scientist is performing an investigation funded by a company. Which of these would be least
likely to produce biased data?
F making the results please the company paying for the research
G being open minded and honest throughout the research project
H using only the data that supports the hypothesis
J using personal opinions to decide the results of the research
41. Which of these describes the primary function of cell membranes?
A They allow certain molecules to enter and exit the cell.
B They allow all molecules to enter and exit the cell.
C They do not allow molecules to enter or exit the cell.
D They allow all molecules to enter the cell, but not exit.
42. The person who first used the term cell was
Matthias Schleiden
a.
Lynn Margulis
b.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c.
Robert Hooke
d.
43. Draw the structure of phospholipids found in the cell membrane and identify what parts
are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. (3 pts)
44. Students are conducting an experiment to determine if sugars are present in foods. They
heat a test tube containing a sugar solution in a beaker of water. Which of these is an unsafe
laboratory practice in this experiment?
F heating the sugar solution in a closed test tube
G rinsing hands with water after handling the materials
H using a test tube clamp to hold the test tube
J wearing safety goggles while heating the sugar solution
45. HYPOTONIC ("Below strength"):
a. Concentration outside cell is
b. More water enters than leaves cell so cell will
inside the cell
46. HYPERTONIC ("Above Strength):
a. Concentration outside cell is
b. More water leaves cell than enters so cell
inside cell
47. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is NOT
correct?
a. The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside
environment.
The
cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals.
b.
c. The cell membrane forms an impermeable barrier that keeps all substances that might harm
the cell from entering the cell.
d. The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
48. Is the cell below a plant cell or an animal cell?
49. Label the organelles. Nucleus, Lysosome, Centriole, Endoplasmic reticulum, Vesicles, Golgi apparatus,
Mitochondrion, Nucleolus, Ribosomes, Nuclear membrane, Vacuoles, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm
F
E
0
J
50. Is the cell below a plant cell or an animal cell?
51. Label the cell the organelles. Plasma membrane, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus,
Cell wall, Vesicle, Endoplasmic reticulum, Nuclear envelope, Vacuole, Mitochondrion, Plastids, Nucleolus,
Chloroplast
F
B
A
52. Name the structure that converts sunlight into chemical energy.
53. Name two structures that help support the plant cell and maintain its shape.
and
54. Name the structure that stores food or pigments.
55. Name the structure that converts food into energy.
56. Name the structure that manufactures ribosomes.
57. Scientists have found that the rate of division in amoebas is controlled. Scientists believe that the
transition from stage 2 to stage 3 is slowed by proteins. The additional time seems to help the amoeba
change coding errors caused during DNA replication. Specialized proteins control cell division in the
amoeba. Which cell part is responsible for making these proteins?
A mitochondrion
B nucleus
C pseudopod
D ribosome
58. One way prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes is that they:
A. contain DNA, which carries biological information.
B. have a surrounding barrier called a cell membrane.
C. do not have a membrane separating DNA from the rest of the cell.
D. are usually larger and more complex.
59. Which organism listed is a prokaryote?
a. protist
b. bacterium
c. fungus
d. plant
60. Some cells can crawl with false feet called
61. Some cells can swim with a long whiplike extension called
62. Some cells can swim very fast with hair-like extensions called
63. One organelle that plants have and animals do NOT have is:
a.
Nucleus
b.
Ribosome
c.
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
d.
64. The membrane that protects the nucleus is called the
Nuclear membrane
a.
b.
Mitochondrion
c.
Golgi apparatus
d.
Cell membrane
65. The bacteria that live in the bodies of the giant tubeworms are classified as
A eukaryotes
B prokaryotes
C plants
D fungi
66. Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.
1. Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.
2. Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.
3. Membrane that protects the nucleus.
4. Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.
5. Sac filled with digestive chemicals.
6. Structures that converts nutrients to energy.
7. Passageways where chemicals are made.
8. Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane.
9. Structure that manufactures ribosomes.
10.Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell.
11.Package created by the Golgi apparatus.
12. Small structure that synthesizes proteins.
13. Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Centriole
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Nucleolus
67. Prokaryotes lack:
A cytoplasm
B a cell membrane
C a nucleus
D genetic material
68. Which of the following contains a nucleus?
A. prokaryotes
B. bacteria
C. eukaryotes
D. organelles
69. A scientist discovers a new organism. In examining the organism under the microscope, the
scientist sees that the cell contains a cell wall, nucleus, and ribosomes. The new organism is likely
which of the following?
A. prokaryote
B. eukaryote
C. bacteria
D. none of the above
70. A healthy circulatory system is able to deliver excess oxygen and nutrients to cells. Which cell
organelle requires oxygen to carry out cellular respiration?
A ribosomes
B nuclei
C mitochondria
D membranes
71. Data from two different cells are shown in the graphs. Which data table represents a plant cell?
A. Cell 1
B. Cell 2
Cell 1
l-1
, .,..
O
I/
..R.
U,
r0r
0
0
ck,
0
Cell 2
60
• 50
40 - 30 C.) 20
— 10
0
0
C
"e6
10
Cell Structures
Ce l Structures
72. A red blood cell placed in water will swell and burst because of the diffusion of:
(a) salt from the red blood cell into the water
(b) water into the red blood cell
(c) water from the blood cell into its environment
(d) salts from the water into the red blood cell
73. Hereditary information is stored inside the:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes
ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes
nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes
nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes
74. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
cell membrane—storage of hereditary information
chloroplast—transport of materials
ribosome—synthesis of proteins
vacuole—production of energy
75. Damage to which structure will most directly disrupt water balance within a
single-celled organism?
(a) ribosome
(b) cell membrane
(c) nucleus
(d) chloroplast
Scoring Rubric / Success Criteria
Conceptual Understanding
Total Points
Unit 3: Indicators 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3
39
One point for each part of each problem
Unit 4: Indicators 3.2.1 and 3.2.2
74
One point for each part of each problem
Total
/113
QLM Quarter 2 Answer Sheet:
Unit 3 Questions (#1-37)
1)
2)
3)
4) Solute:
Solvent:
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
2
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
Unit 4 Answers
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45) a:
b:
46) a.
b:
47)
48)
a:
49)
b:
c:
d:
g:
h:
i:
i:
50)
a:
51)
b:
c:
d:
e:
f:
g:
h:
i:
i:
k:
52)
53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
58)
59)
60)
61)
62)
63)
64)
and
66)
cytoplasm
lysosome
mitochondria
centriole
endoplasmic reticulum
vacuole
plasma membrane
nucleus
ribosome
_ nuclear envelope
golgi apparatus
vesicle
nucleolus
67)
68)
69)
70)
71)
72)
73)
74)
75)
6