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hij Teacher Resource Bank GCE Religious Studies Unit 3D: Old Testament Explanation of Terms Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723) and a registered charity (registered charity number 1073334). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX. Dr Michael Cresswell, Director General. Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Religious Studies / Explanation of Terms Unit 3D: Old Testament / / Version 1.0 EXPLANATION OF TERMS Term Definition Apocrypha Books which are accepted as canonical by the Catholic and Orthodox Church but which are disputed within some other churches. Bible Sacred book of Christians containing both the Old and New Testaments (Christianity). For Jews, Bible is Torah, Nevi’im and Ketubim (Tanakh), which Christians call the Old Testament. Christian ① Someone who believes that Jesus is the Son of God. ② Something relating to the faith of Christians, e.g. the Old Testament. creation 1 The universe, as created by God. 2 The act, or event, in which God is said to have created the universe. critical theories These consist of different theories about the nature and structure of the writings that make up the Jewish Scriptures / Christian Old Testament. Some of these theories are: Source Criticism, Form Criticism, Redaction Criticism and Reader Response theories. Diaspora The dispersion (literally ‘spreading out’) of the Jewish people from their homeland and around the world, beginning with the Babylonian exile in 586 BCE, and particularly after the expulsion by the Romans in 135 BCE. Ecclesiasticus A wisdom book found in the Apocrypha. Its author was Jesus ben Sira, and it was written in Jerusalem, probably in the early 2nd century BCE. It is also known as Sirach. exile Being forced to leave one’s homeland and live elsewhere, as the Jews suffered in Babylon (586-538 BCE). Exodus 1 The escape of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. 2 The second book of the Torah / Old Testament in which Moses leads the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receives the Ten Commandments from God. Fall, the The term used for the rebellion of Adam and Eve against God (related in Genesis 3) that many Christians believe has resulted in all humanity having an innate tendency to sin. As a result of the Fall, the world is no longer the paradise described in Genesis 2. Genesis The first book of the Torah (Judaism) and of the Old Testament (Christianity). God (nature of) Both Jews and Christians have ideas about what God might be like, e.g. the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. history This term refers to events that happened in the past, some of which may be verified by archaeology and documentation. klm Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. 1 Teacher Resource Bank / GCE Religious Studies / Explanation of Terms Unit 3D: Old Testament / / Version 1.0 Term Definition human condition What it means to be a human being, e.g. finite and vulnerable, but with the potential for achieving great things. Isaiah ① The pre-exilic prophet whose oracles are preserved in the book bearing his name. ② The name given to the Old Testament book of 66 chapters. Much of chapters 1-39 belong to the pre-exilic period. Chapters 40-55 arguably contain the oracles of an unknown prophet who lived during the exilic period in Babylon. He is usually referred to as Second or Deutero Isaiah. Most of chapters 56-66 are thought to belong to the post-exilic period. Jewish Something relating to the faith of the Jews. The Jewish Bible consists of the Law, the Prophets and the Writings. Law (of Moses) It contains the rules regulating the relationship of Israel as a whole and of individual Israelites with God and with each other. The most important of these is the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments) that was central to the Mosaic covenant. The Law is to be found in the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Jewish Bible / Christian Old Testament) and includes regulations governing both social and cultic practice. It also includes narratives, some of which may be classified as myths and legends. It is often referred to as the Torah. Old Testament The books of the Bible, written almost entirely in Hebrew, relating to ancient Israel. prophecy Oracles believed to be inspired by God and spoken by prophets, who had been chosen by him to proclaim his will to the people of their day. psalms The lyrical prayers to God, many of which are ascribed to David. reader response theories This covers a number of different theories, all of which claim that the reader contributes to the meaning of the text through his / her careful reading and personal response to it. An extreme form claims that without the reader supplying the meaning, the text is simply a collection of words. Revised Standard Version An English translation of the Bible published in the mid-20th century. society The whole community of people within, for instance, a country. The term will often apply not just to the collectivity of people but to some aspects of their way of life. theology The study of religious doctrines. Wisdom (literature) The books of the Old Testament that consider piety and sanctity according to the divine revelation and show further how human beings should conduct themselves (Judaism and Christianity). 2 Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. klm