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Human Rights Q&A - Videos List the 3 qualities of human rights Human rights are (1) Universal (2) Inalienable (3) indivisible Universal = They apply to all people, everywhere, all of the time. What does it mean that human rights are ‘universal’? What does it mean that human rights are ‘inalienable? What does it mean that human rights are ‘indivisible? Which 3 documents constitute the International Bill of Human Rights? Who is responsible for protecting human rights? What is an NGO? Inalienable = human rights cannot be taken away (they are not given or earned as a privilege or a luxury or a reward ) Indivisible = all 30 human rights come as a ‘package deal’, you cannot pick and choose which you want, like or agree with. Only when people have all 30 do they have a fully dignified human life. International Bill of Human Rights = Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 International Covenant on social, economic and cultural rights 1966 Countries are responsible for protecting human rights - The UDHR is not law; it is up to individual countries to protect these ideals through the laws of their country. NGO = non-governmental organization. Example – Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International. Since it is often governments that violate How do NGO’s help the protection of human human rights, NGO’s play an important role rights? in monitoring governments and creating awareness of human rights violations. Why do some question that human rights can be universal? Some argue that the human rights reflect the values of western culture. They argue that other cultures have different values. For example some traditional cultures believe that men and women have different roles in society and they should not be equal. How can we respect and tolerate cultural differences and the universality of human rights? What does it mean that human rights can be used as a pretext for war? Some countries argue that human rights is used as an excuse (pretext) for western nations to wage war not so much over human rights but for some other gain, for example the war in Iraq. What are the 3 categories of human rights? What are civil and political rights? Civil and political rights Economic, social and cultural rights Collective Rights (new) Civil and political rights protect the freedom and equality of individuals. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 How did civil and political rights become legally established? Articles 4-12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21 Give 3 examples of civil and political rights. Various answers giving specific examples. Give 3 examples of how civil and political rights are violated in the world. What are social, economic and cultural rights? Economic rights ensure that individuals have what they need to live a dignified life. Social rights deal with the relationships between individuals and group in society to maintain equality. Articles 22-27 Give 3 examples of social, economic and cultural rights. Various specific examples should be given. Give 3 examples of how social, economic and cultural rights are violated in the world. How were states divided over ESC rights? How did ESC rights become legally established? How do collective rights differ from the other 2 categories of rights? In what way are collective rights a new idea in the development of human rights? States were divided over ESC rights because developed nations feared that they would have to pay for these rights in developing nations. (Since ESC rights apply mostly to developing nations and the governments of developing nations do not have the wealth to support them, developed nations were concerned that they would have to pay for the implementation of these rights. ) International Covenant on Economic , Social and Cultural Rights 1966 Collective rights are new (not part of UDHR) They apply to groups of people or regions and not just individuals The world has changed since the UDHR was written in 1948! There are new needs that must be covered as human rights. What ‘new’ rights are proposed by collective Colonised countries that became rights? independent in the 1960s suffer from wars, corruption, underdevelopment, and an unfair system of international trade. These countries claim that it is a right of these peoples to have peace, good government, development and fair trade. Secondly, climate change is a phenomenon that has emerged since the UDHR was written in 1948. Pollution, carbon emissions and global warming affects entire regions. There is a sense that people have a right to a clean environment. Why are collective rights still debatable? There is no International Covenant on Collective Rights i.e. no international agreement that requires countries to translate these rights into law.