Download THE UDHR-1948

THE UDHR-1948
AN INTRODUCTION
 SUPPORTING BASE DOCUMENT IS THE UN CHARTER
 AS PART OF THE INTRNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN
RIGHTS (IBHR)
The idea of bringing out a ‘bill’ for the mankind is borrowed
from the earlier two bills:- the French and the American
 THE IBHR CONTAINS
– THE UDHR [1948]
–THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR) [1966]
–THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC,
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (ICESCR) [1966]
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
DOCUMENTS
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MAGNA CARTA 1215 – freedom from arb. arrest, right to life, to property
ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1688 – right to fair trial
HABEAS CORPUS ACT 1679 – personal freedom
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE – 1776
AMERICAN CONSTITUTION – 1787 creation of limited government
AMERICAN BILL OF RIGHTS – 1791 ten amendments
FRANCH DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN -- 1789
EVENTS
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BRITISH EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS
AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
FRENCH REVOLUTION
TWO WORLD WARS
ANNIHILATION OF JEWS.
IMPERIALISM
THINKERS
GREEKS AND STOICS, St. THOMAS AQUINAS, HUGO GROTIUS,
THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE
PROVISIONS OF THE UDHR
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROVISIONS
GENERAL [ART. 1 and 2] – Equality, liberty and
dignity of the individual. Responsibility of the
international community to protect rights.
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS [ART. 3-21]
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
[ART. 22-27]
 CONCLUDING PROVISIONS [ART.28-30]
IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION
 It is universal.
 It serves as a common standard for all.
 It makes violation of rights an international
concern.
 It influenced the constitutions of all countries.
 Creation of monitoring agencies under the
ICCPR, the ICESCR and other treaties like
CAT, CERD, CEDAW and CRC.