Download Ch. 1: Study Guide

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Ch. 1: Study Guide
Early Astronomy
The Earth-Moon-Sun System
astronomy, geocentric, heliocentric, retrograde motion, ellipse,
astronomical unit (AU)
rotation, revolution, precession, perihelion, aphelion, perigee,
apogee, phases of the moon, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse
Earth’s Moon
crater, ray, mare, rille, highlands,
Reviewing Content
1.
Which Greek first proposed that the sun was the center of the universe? _______________________________
2.
One astronomical unit averages about how many kilometers? _______________________________________
3.
During which month is Earth farthest from the sun? __________________________________
4.
Earth’s axis points toward which star? ___________________________________
5.
When is the moon nearest to Earth during its orbit?
a. at apogee
b. at perihelion
c.
d.
during an eclipse
at perigee
6.
What type of eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on Earth? ________________________________
7.
During the period that the moon’s phases are changing from new to full, the moon is
a. waning.
c. waxing.
b. approaching Earth.
d. receding from Earth.
8.
The large, dark regions on the moon are called __________________________________.
9.
Rilles are associated with which lunar feature? ____________________________________.
10. The oldest lunar features are ______________________________.
11.
What was Tycho Brahe’s contribution to science?
12.
What is an astronomical unit?
13. Newton learned that the orbits of planets are the results of what two forces?
14. What is the approximate length of the cycle of the phases of the moon?
15. What phase of the moon occurs approximately one week after the new moon?
16. How many solar eclipses normally occur each year? Lunar?
17. How long can a total eclipse of the moon last? A total eclipse of the sun?
18. Contrast geocentric to heliocentric.
19. Identify our cosmic address from small to large.
20. What is precession, and how does it affect the sky that we see from Earth?
21. What do we mean by the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?
22. A week after a full moon, the moon’s phase will be what?
23. The fact that we always see the same side of the moon tell us what about its motions?
24. What did Galileo study while using the telescope?
Critical Thinking
25. Drawing Conclusions
Does Earth move faster in its orbit near perihelion (January) or near aphelion (July)
26. Applying Concepts
Solar eclipses are slightly more common than lunar eclipses. Why then is it more likely that your region of
the country will experience a lunar eclipse?
27. Making Generalizations
In what ways do the interactions between Earth and its moon influence the Earth-moon system? If Earth did
not have a moon, would the Earth be any different?
Analyzing Data
Use the photograph below to answer questions below.
28. What feature exists at point A
29. How did this feature likely form?
30. Which point represents a ray?
31. Which point represents highlands?
32. What is the oldest feature in the photograph?
Use the diagram below to answer the questions below.
33. Select the number that illustrates the moon’s position in its orbit
for each of the following phases:
a. Full
b.
Quarter
c.
Waxing crescent
d.
New
e.
Waning
34. What number represents the position of the moon during a
lunar eclipse?
f. A solar eclipse?