Download -SQA-SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

-SQA-SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY
HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
-Unit number-
D9P7 04
-Unit title-
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
FOR
OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY SUPPORT WORKERS
-Superclass category-
RH
-Date of publication(month and year)
FEBRUARY 2003
-Originating centre for unit-
SQA
-----------------------------------------DESCRIPTIONGENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT: This unit will help the candidate to
develop an understanding of the normal and abnormal functioning of selected
body systems.
OUTCOMES:
1.
describe the anatomy of selected body systems;
2.
explain the mechanisms involved in regulating, and controlling, the normal
healthy human body;
3.
explain the principles of muscle and skeletal physiology applied to
movement;
4.
describe disorders of selected body systems and the effects on the service
user.
CREDIT VALUE: 2 HN credits.
ACCESS STATEMENT: The candidate must be working under the supervision of
a State Registered Occupational Therapist. The unit may be taken concurrently
with the initial Occupational Therapy units of the HNC.
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Unit No. D9P7 04
Continuation
Additional copies of this unit can be obtained from:
The Committee and Administration Unit, SQA, Hanover House, 24 Douglas
Street, Glasgow G2 7NQ, (Tel: 0141-242 2168).
At the time of publication the cost is £2.50 per unit (minimum order £5.00).
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Unit No. D9P7 04
Continuation
HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION
STATEMENT OF STANDARDS
Unit number: D9P7 04
Unit title:
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
FOR OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SUPPORT WORKERS
Acceptable performance in this Unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the
standards set out in this part of the specification. All sections of the statement of
standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to SQA.
OUTCOME
1.
DESCRIBE THE ANATOMY OF SELECTED BODY SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(a)
(b)
Identify the organs of the body system.
Describe the structure of the organs of the body system.
RANGE STATEMENT
Body systems: cardiovascular; respiratory; nervous; locomotor.
EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS
Written and/or oral evidence to meet the performance criteria across the range.
OUTCOME
2.
EXPLAIN THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN REGULATING, AND
CONTROLLING, THE NORMAL HEALTHY HUMAN BODY
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(a)
(b)
(c)
Explain the concept of homeostasis and negative feedback
mechanisms.
Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems help to
maintain homeostasis in physiological terms.
Explain the activities of the nervous system in relation to
homeostasis.
RANGE STATEMENT
The range for this outcome is fully expressed within the performance criteria.
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Unit No. D9P7 04
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EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS
Written and/or oral evidence to meet the performance criteria.
OUTCOME
3.
EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLES OF MUSCLE AND SKELETAL
PHYSIOLOGY APPLIED TO MOVEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(a)
(b)
Explain body movement in terms of muscle attachment, levers and
the sliding-filament theory.
Explain the structure, function and movement of selected joints.
RANGE STATEMENT
Joints: hip joint; knee joint; shoulder joint; elbow joint.
EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS
Written and/or oral evidence to meet the performance criteria.
OUTCOME
4.
DESCRIBE DISORDERS OF SELECTED BODY SYSTEMS AND
THE EFFECTS ON THE SERVICE USER
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(a)
(b)
Explain the disorder in physiological terms.
Describe the effects of the disorder on the service user.
RANGE STATEMENT
Body systems: cardiovascular; respiratory; nervous; locomotor.
Effects: immediate effects; long term effects.
EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS
Written and/or oral evidence to show an understanding of two disorders of each of
the body systems above; to be able to explain the immediate and/or longer term
effects of the condition on the service user. The disorders selected will depend
on the workplace area of the candidate.
Evidence will be provided by a folio consisting of: written information; journal
articles and patient leaflets.
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MERIT STATEMENT: To gain a pass in this unit, a candidate must meet the
standards set out in the outcomes, performance criteria, range statements and
evidence requirements.
To achieve a merit in this unit, a candidate must demonstrate a superior or more
sophisticated level of performance. In this unit this might be shown in the
following ways:
(a)
(b)
(c)
shows consistent performance throughout the unit;
demonstrates a greater depth of knowledge in anatomy and physiology;
produces a folio of superior standard, with respect to content and
presentation.
ASSESSMENT
In order to achieve this unit, candidates are required to present sufficient evidence
that they have met all the performance criteria for each outcome within the range
specified. Details of these requirements are given for each outcome. The
assessment instruments used should follow the general guidance offered by the
Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) assessment model and an integrative
approach to assessment is encouraged. (See references at the end of support
notes).
Accurate records should be made of the assessment instruments used, showing
how evidence is generated for each outcome and giving marking schemes and/or
checklists, etc. Records of candidates’ achievements should be kept. These
records will be available for external verification.
SPECIAL NEEDS
Proposals to modify outcomes, range statements or agreed assessment
arrangements should be discussed in the first place with the external verifier.
 Copyright SQA 2003
Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for
educational purposes provided that:
(i)
(ii)
no profit is derived from the reproduction;
if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged.
5
Unit No. D9P7 04
Continuation
HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION
SUPPORT NOTES
Unit number: D9P7 04
Unit title:
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
FOR OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SUPPORT WORKERS
SUPPORT NOTES: This part of the unit specification is offered as guidance.
None of the sections of the support notes is mandatory.
NOTIONAL DESIGN LENGTH: SQA allocates a notional design length to a unit
on the basis of time estimated for achievement of the stated standards by a
candidate whose starting point is as described in the access statement. The
notional design length for this unit is 80 hours. The use of notional design length
for programme design and timetabling is advisory only.
PURPOSE
This unit is designed to enable candidates to develop an
understanding of the normal and abnormal functioning of selected body systems
and to apply this knowledge in the workplace setting.
CONTENT/CONTEXT Corresponding to outcomes 1 – 3:
1.
For Outcomes 1-3 the candidate should be able to describe the anatomy
and physiology of the following body systems. Practical work should be
included where appropriate.
•
Cardiovascular system – the components of the CV system. The blood,
heart, blood vessels. Functions of blood. The structure and function of
the heart. The structural and functional features of the conduction
system of the heart. The principal events of a cardiac cycle. The
structure and function of the various types of blood vessels. The
exchanges occurring at the capillary network. Definition of pulse and
blood pressure and the clinical significance of systolic and diastolic
pressures and pulse rate. Control of blood pressure.
Practical work relating to pulse rate, blood pressure.
•
Respiratory system – the need for a respiratory system. Identification of
the organs of the respiratory system and their functions. The structure
of the respiratory membrane and its function in the diffusion of
respiratory gases. The events involved in inspiration and expiration.
The transport of respiratory gases. The various factors that control
respiration rate.
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Unit No. D9P7 04
•
Continuation
Nervous system – the 3 basic functions of the NS in maintaining
homeostasis. The classification of the organs of the NS into central and
peripheral divisions. The structure and functions of neuroglia and
neurones. The sequence of events involved in the generation and
conduction of a nerve impulse. The ‘all or none’ principle of nerve
impulse transmission. Synapses, and the factors involved in the
conduction of a nerve impulse across a synapse. Excitatory transmitter
– receptor interactions, inhibitory transmitter-receptor interactions and
their importance in helping to maintain homeostasis.
Anatomy of the brain and how the brain is protected. The formation and
circulation of CSF. The blood supply to the brain and the concept of the
blood-brain barrier. The structure and functions of the brain stem,
diencephalon, cerebrum and cerebellum. Identification of the 12 pairs of
cranial nerves.
The anatomy of the spinal cord. The location, origin, termination and
function of the principal ascending and descending tracts of the spinal
cord. The components of a reflex arc and its relationship to homeostasis.
Important reflexes. The composition and coverings of a spinal nerve.
Nerve plexuses and the composition and distribution of the cervical,
brachial, lumbar and sacral plexuses.
The location and function of the receptors for the sensations of touch,
pressure, heat, cold and pain. Proprioceptors and their functions.
Posterior column and spinothalmic pathways. The linkage of sensory
input and motor responses. The location and functions of the pyramidal,
and extrapyramidal ,motor pathways.
The structure of the autonomic nervous system. Comparison of the
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in terms of structure,
physiology and neurotransmitters released. The relationship between
biofeedback and meditation on the ANS.
Practical work relating to reflex actions.
•
The locomotor system – the anatomy of the skeletal system.
Histology of compact and spongy bone. The types of joint and the
degree of movement at each. The structure of a synovial joint.
•
The characteristics and functions of muscle tissue. The principal
events associated with the sliding-filament theory of muscle
contraction. Neuromuscular junctions. The ‘all or none’ principle of
muscle contraction. Types of normal contraction of skeletal muscle.
•
The relationship between bones and skeletal muscle in producing
movements. The role of lever systems in the locomotor system. The
roles of the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in terms of
movement. The identification of the principal skeletal muscles by
name, origin, insertions, action and innervation.
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Unit No. D9P7 04
2.
Continuation
For Outcome 4, the description of the abnormal function of the selected body
systems should outline the clinical features of the condition and the possible
immediate and/or longer term effects of the condition on the service user.
The following medical conditions could be studied; however, this will depend
on the clinical area of the candidate.
•
•
•
•
Cardiovascular system – leukaemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial
infarction, arrhythmias, varicose veins, rheumatic heart disease, valve
disease, hypertension
Respiratory system – bronchial asthma, bronchitis, emphysema,
tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary oedema
Nervous system – TIA, CVA, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s
Disease, multiple sclerosis, aphasia, agraphia, apraxia, ataxia,
monoplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, sciatica
Locomotor system – muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis,
osteoporosis, fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis.
Reference Materials
The following is neither prescriptive nor comprehensive but may provide useful
reference material.
Tutors should endeavour to ensure that current
publications/editions are used, and should feel free to supplement the list with
other publications as appropriate.
•
•
Tortora G, Grabowski S, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (10th edition),
Wiley 2002 ISBN 0 471 224 723
Waugh A, Grant A, Ross and Wilson, Hornan Anatomy and Physiology in
Health and Illness (9th edition), Churchill Livingstone (2002) ISBN 0 443 06468
7.
APPROACHES TO GENERATING EVIDENCE Tutor input should include the
provision of information (oral, audio/visual or written) and guidance with
appropriate research material. Opportunities for discussion should be made
available with college tutors and workplace supervisors.
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Outcome 1
Written evidence generated by short answer questions and/or labelling of
diagrams.
Outcomes 2 and 3
Written evidence generated by extended response questions.
Outcome 4
Folio of evidence.
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Unit No. D9P7 04
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REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Guide to unit writing, SQA, 1993 (Code: A018).
Guide to assessment, SQA, 1993 (Code: B005).
Guide to certification, SQA, 1996 (Code: F025).
Notes for unit writers, SQA, 1995 (Code: A041).
For details of other SQA publications, please contact staff in the Sales and
Despatch section (Tel: 0141-242 2168) who can supply you with a copy of the
publication list (Code: X037).
 Copyright SQA 2003
Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for
educational purposes provided that:
(i)
(ii)
no profit is derived from the reproduction;
if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged.
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