Download Friday October 14th Notes

AFRICAN-AMERICANS
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Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
Niagara Movement
“talented tenth”
NAACP
W.E.B. Du Bois
Booker T.
Washington
BLACK POPULATION, 1920
WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT DU
BOIS
• American Sociologists and
Black protest leader in the
United States during the first
half of the 20th century
• Shared in the creation of the
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) in 1909
• Believed that in a climate of
virulent racism, social change
could only be accomplished
through agitation and protest
• Born in racially integrated
Massachusetts, was the first
African American to receive a
doctorate from Harvard
University. Had no experience
with the Jim Crow South.
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
• Black educator, reformer and
social activists
• Was actually born a slave!
• First president and principal
developer of the Tuskegee
Normal and Industrial Institute
• Urged African Americans to
abandon their efforts to win full
civil rights and political power
and instead cultivate their
industrial and farming skills so as
to attain economic security
• Wanted African Americans to
earn respect of White
Americans rather than protest
and agitate the nation.
NIAGARA MOVEMENT
• Organization of black intellectuals that was led by
W.E.B. Du Bois and called for full political, civil, and
social rights for African Americans
• Stood in direct contrast to the accommodation
philosophy proposed by Booker T. Washington
NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE
• American service
agency founded for
the purpose of
eliminating racial
segregation and
discrimination and
helping African
Americans and other
minorities to participate
in all phases of
American Life
• Has been interracial
since its inception
WOMEN
• “women’s
professions”
• “new woman”
• clubwomen
A local club for nurses was formed in New
York City in 1894. Here the club members
are pictured in their clubhouse reception
area.
The Women's Club of Madison, Wisconsin conducted classes in food,
nutrition, and sewing for recent immigrants.
WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
• National American
Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
• Carrie Chapman
Catt
Ohio Woman Suffrage
Headquarters, Cleveland, 1912
CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT
• American women’s Suffrage
leader who campaigned for
the 19th amendment
• Served as president of the
National American Women
Suffrage Association and was
the founder of the League of
Women Voters
• National American Women
Suffrage Association NAWSA
• Formed in 1890
• Goal was Suffrage for
American Women
• Campaigned for the 19th
amendment by lobbying
congress and several
American Presidents
WOMAN SUFFRAGE BEFORE 1920
WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
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Alice Paul
National Woman’s Party
Nineteenth Amendment
Equal Rights Amendment
Suffragette
Banner
1918
National Woman’s Party members picketing in front of the White House, 1917
19th
Amendment
(All: Library of Congress)
ALICE PAUL
• American Women who introduced the first equal rights
amendment campaign in the United States
• Advocated the use of militant tactics to publicize the
need for a federal woman suffrage amendment to the
US Constitution
• Would protest in front of the White House, continued to
do so during America’s involvement in World War I
• Was seen as unpatriotic
• Considered the NAWSA too timid
• Formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
which later became the National Woman’s Party
MORE ALICE PAUL
• Held protests and demonstrations in front of the
White House
• Silent sentinels
• Picketed the White House and held banners demanding
the right to vote
• Were arrested and sent to Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia
• Would be harassed and sometimes beaten while protesting
• Paul was arrested for seven months
• Began a hunger strike to protest the awful conditions of the
prison and was force – fed raw eggs through a feeding
tube
• Kept in solitary confinement
ALICE PAUL
19TH AMENDMENT
• Amendment to the United States Constitution that
officially extended the right to vote to women
VICTORIA WOODHULL
• Women’s Rights/suffrage
• 1872 First female candidate for
President of the U.S.; no
electoral votes
• Advocate for free love: free to
marry, divorce, bear children
without government regulation
FEMINISM
• Originally coined by the philosopher Charles Fourier
• The belief in the social, economic, and political
equality of the sexes