Download Sir Isaac Newton

How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [Who was a Sir Isaac Newton?]
Sir Isaac Newton
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LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example something important Sir Isaac Newton
discovered?]*
SENTENCE: [Use Sir Isaac Newton in a sentence] ________________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of something important that Sir Isaac Newton
discovered.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS about the Life of Sir Isaac Newton by Kathleen Krull, Illustrated by Boris Kulikov
Chapter Questions
Ch. 1: All Alone
Ch. 2: The Most Amazing Toys
Ch. 3: Learning Outside Class
Ch. 4: The Apple
Ch. 5: Newton versus Hooke
Ch. 6: Math War
Ch. 7: Star War
Ch. 8: The Greatest Science Book in the World
Ch. 9: Newton versus Newton
Ch. 10: And What about Alchemy?
Ch. 11: The Crimson Years
Ch. 12: Impact
What was learned?
DEFINITION: [What is a friction?]
How and why does matter move?
friction
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of a friction?]
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SENTENCE: [Use velocity in a sentence] ______________________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what a friction looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Friction: the opposing force creating by two object rubbing against each other. The resistance caused by any two objects in contact and it always acts in
the opposite direction of the motion.
How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is a velocity?]
velocity
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of a velocity?]
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SENTENCE: [Use velocity in a sentence] ______________________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what a velocity looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Velocity (speed)– tells you fast you are going and it is measured in units of distance per unit time, like meters per second or kilometers per hour.
DEFINITION: [What is a acceleration?]
How and why does matter move?
acceleration
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LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of a acceleration?]
SENTENCE: [Use acceleration in a sentence] _________________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what a acceleration looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes; measured by velocity per unit of time (meters per second2); A change in the direction that an object is
moving.
12.3 Use data to determine how shape affects the rate at which a material falls to earth.
Explain:
Explain:
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How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is a force?]
force
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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SENTENCE: [Use force in a sentence] _________________________________
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How and why does matter move?
EXAMPLE: [What is an example of a force?]
PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what a force looks like.]
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Force – anything that makes an object accelerate. Anything that causes an object to speed up, slow down, or change direction is a force. An example is one bumper car
bumping into another. It changes the direction and velocity. Examples of forces are gravity and friction.
Force is expressed in the units known as Newtons or N for short.
How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is gravity?]
gravity
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SENTENCE: [Use gravity in a sentence] _________________________________
How and why does matter move?
EXAMPLE: [What is an example of gravity?]
PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what gravity looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Gravity– the force that pulls all objects in the universe toward one another. Earth’s gravity causes objects to accelerate towards it at 9.8 m/s2.
Gravity depends on two things: mass and distance. The more massive an object, the stronger pull it exerts. Objects that are close together exert a
stronger force of gravity than objects that are far apart.
1.) SPI 0507.12.1— Recognize that the earth attracts objects without directly touching them. Explain:
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2.) SPI 0507.12.2— Identify the force that causes objects to fall to the earth.
Explain:
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DEFINITION: [What is Newton’s 1st Law of Motion?]
How and why does matter move?
st
Newton’s 1 Law of
Motion
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of Newton’s 1st Law of Motion?]
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SENTENCE: [Use Newton’s 1st Law of Motion in a sentence] _________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what Newton’s 1st Law of Motion looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
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BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Newton’s 1 Law of Motion–
First Law - Law of Inertia
This law states: "An object will remain at rest unless acted on by an external and unbalanced force. An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted
on by an external and unbalanced force." This means that an object that isn't moving won't move unless a force makes it move. It also says that an object
that is moving will not change its velocity until a force acts upon it.
Momentum is defined as the quantity of motion of a body. According to Newton, momentum causes an object in motion to remain in motion unless it’s
acted on by some other force. So the momentum of a moving object is related to its mass and its velocity. For example, if you were driving a car, and
wanted to stop quickly, you couldn’t just take your foot off the accelerator. If you did this, the car’s momentum, as defined by the product of its mass
and velocity, would cause it to keep moving forward. If you wanted to stop the car, you’d have to hit the brake, which uses the force of friction to
counteract the car’s momentum.
Because momentum is related to mass and velocity, it takes a lot of force to stop the momentum of a heavy object that’s traveling at high speed. Imagine
how much force it’d take to stop an 18-wheeler that was speeding along at 70 miles per hour. It’d certainly be a lot more force than it would take to stop
a VW Bug traveling at the same speed. It’d also be a lot more force than it would take to stop the same truck traveling at 5 mph instead of 70.
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object
in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".
This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're
doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an
unbalanced force, an object in motion will maintain this state of motion.
How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion?]
nd
Newton’s 2 Law
of Motion
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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SENTENCE: [Use Newton’s 1st Law of Motion in a sentence] _________________
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion?]
PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
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BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Newton’s 2 Law of Motion–
Second Law - Law of Historical Development
This law states: "The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction." This
means that the rate of change of a moving object is directly proportional to the force exerted on the object. This law also explains that the change in
the direction of a moving object is determined by the angle at which force is applied.
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The
greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the
greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the
object).
Everyone unconsiously knows the Second Law. Everyone
knows that heavier objects require more force to move
the same distance as lighter objects.
How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion?]
rd
Newton’s 3 Law of
Motion
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LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion?]
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SENTENCE: [Use Newton’s 1st Law of Motion in a sentence] _________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion–
Third Law - Law of Reciprocal Actions
This law states: "All forces occur in pairs, and these two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction." This means that for every action there
is an equal, opposite reaction.
For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action. When you
push an object, it pushes back.
This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is
equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever
an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite
direction equally hard.
Let's study how a rocket works to understand
Newton's Third Law.
The rocket's action is to push down on the ground with the force
of its powerful engines, and the reaction is that the ground
pushes the rocket upwards with an equal force.
How and why does matter move?
DEFINITION: [What is mass?]
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Mass
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SENTENCE: [Use massin a sentence] ____________________________________
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of mass?]
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what mass looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
mass– the amount of matter in an object; Matter is everything in the universe that takes up space. It makes up everything that you can see, feel, taste,
or touch! Mass, density, and volume are three ways we can measure matter. Mass is a measurement of how much matter an object contains. Volume is a
measure of how much space an object takes up. Density measures how heavy something is for its size—in other words, how much mass an object has per
unit of volume.
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object contains. It is measured in grams, and stays constant no matter where
it is in the universe. Weight, on the other hand, is a measure of gravity's effect on an object. It's measured in newtons,
and varies depending on where in space an object is. For example, your mass is the same on earth as it is on the moon.
But since the moon has only one-sixth the mass of the earth-meaning that its gravity is just one-sixth as strong -- you
would only weigh one-sixth as much on the moon as you do on earth.
11.1 Explain the relationship that exist among mass, force, and distance traveled.
DEFINITION: [What is weight?]
How and why does matter move?
Weight
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Matter is everything in the universe that takes up space. It makes up everything that you can see, feel, taste, or touch! Mass, density, and volume are three ways we can measure matter. Mass is
a measurement of how much matter an object contains. Volume is a measure of how much space an object takes up. Density measures how heavy something is for its size—in other words, how
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much mass an object has per unit of volume.
LEAD Science 5 ½
Unit 7: Forces
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EXAMPLE: [What is an example of weight?]
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SENTENCE: [Use weight in a sentence] __________________________________
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PICTURE: [Provide an illustration of what weight looks like.]
How and why does matter move?
BIG IDEAS and BENCHMARK MASTERY
weight– the force exerted on an object’s mass by gravity