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Islam in brief By Wali Abdur Rahman Introduction Islam means ‘Peace and Submission to the will of Allah’ (Almighty God) and whoever does this is called a ‘Muslim’ Islam has two main sources: 1- The Qur’an (Revelation) 2- The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) Universality of Islam • Only 15-20% of the World’s 1.7 billion plus Muslim population, are Arabs • Islamic teachings are universal in nature which transcend race, colour and ethnicity Basic principles • Every human being is born pre-formatted to submit to GOD alone • Human beings have free will • No compulsion in religion • People are born without any inherited sin • All humans from Adam and Eve • All people are equal except those who have more piety Islamic values • • • • • • • • • • Compassion Honesty Forgiveness Kindness Love Inclusivity Sharing Mindfulness Patience Fairness Allah (Almighty God) • "Allah" is the same word used by Christian Arabs and Jewish Arabs in their Bible, centuries before Islam came • "Allah" comes from the Arabic word “ilah“ a god' or something worshipped • No gender - "He" is used only out of respect and dignity • Always singular - Never plural • Means “The Only One to be Worshipped” • He is self-sufficient, has no Parents, no Children and is ever-living Messengers and Prophets • • • • • • • • • Adam Noah Abraham Isac Ishmael Jacob Joseph Moses Aaron • • • • • • • Joshua David Soloman Jesus John the Baptist And finally… Muhammad Who was Muhammad? • Born in 570 C.E. in Mecca, Saudi Arabia and • Muhammad means “Praised one" or “Praising one." • His Father died before he was born • His mother died when he was 6 • His Grandfather and the his uncle looked after him • His nickname since before becoming a Prophet was "Al-Alamin" (the Trustworthy) due to his integrity and always upholding any trust given to him Who was Muhammad? • • • • • • • • He was a shepherd He became a trader He married Khadijah when he was 25 They had 4 daughters and 2 sons (sons died in infancy) Received the Qur’an through the Angel Gabriel at the age of 40 for 23 years He was thrown out of his home city, Mecca He migrated with his followers to Medinah Died in 633 C.E. in Medinah, Saudi Arabia 5 Pillars of Islam (basic duties) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Testimony of Faith 5 Daily Prayers Zakah (Almsgiving) Fasting in Ramadan Hajj (Pilgrimage to Makkah) 1st Pillar: Testimony of Faith Part one – There is no Deity worthy of worship except Allah (Almighty God) The One & Unique ‘Perfect’ Lord of all that exists and the only one deserving Worship Part two – Muhammad (Peace be upon Him), is the Messenger of God The last in a chain of Prophets & Messengers chosen by God to deliver His message & guide people to the Worship of One God 2nd Pillar: The Prayer • 5 daily prayers • State of purity required • Clean clothes required • Clean and quiet space required • Only 10-15 minutes required for each prayer 3rd Pillar: Zakah (Almsgiving) • To pay 2.5% of annual savings • If amount retained over a year is above threshold • Obligatory tax • Distributed to people within 8 categories inc. the poor & needy 4th Pillar: Fasting • During the daylight hours in Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food, drink and marital relations • Training to be a better Muslim and attain God-Consciousness • Teaches self-control and discipline 5th pillar: Pilgrimage to Makkah • A once in a lifetime trip • At least 3 million people from all over the World • Human Brotherhood • All gather together to pray to God and ask for His mercy and forgiveness Shah Jahan Mosque,Woking Muslims in Britain Muslims in Wiltshire • Trowbridge has largest Moroccan Community in UK after London • Plus a growing multi-ethnic Muslim population • Plus a number of White British converts • Trowbridge Mosque built in 1997 • WICC set up in 2008 • 2,074 Muslims in Wiltshire • 51,000 in the South West • 2.7m in the UK (Census 2011) Census 2011 Hate Crime post Brexit - UK In 2015/16, there were 62,518 offences increase of 19% (52,465 in 2014/15) – 49,419 (79%) race – 7,194 (12%) sexual orientation – 4,400 (7%) religion – 3,629 (6%) disability – 858 (1%) transgender – It is possible for one hate crime offence to have more than one motivating factor Hate crime in Wiltshire • Six months on, 40% rise in reports of racist hate crimes across the county. • A Wiltshire Times probe found that between June and September, the number of alleged hate crimes in Wiltshire rose to 294 – up from 209 for the same period in 2015. • Numbers peaked in August when there was a 71 per cent increase in racial discrimination. For all four months, Wiltshire Police recorded double digit percentage increases in hate crimes every time. Pupils’ concerns • • • • • • • • • Islamophobia Inadvertent racism and bullying Global politics Religious practice in front of friends Peer pressure Rise of ‘Islamic’ extremism Rise of right wing extremism PREVENT Employment prospects Employment www.theguardian.com/education/2016/jan/30/ethnic-minority-graduates-earn-less-struggle-to-build-careers Dealing with Muslims • It is difficult to know how each individual likes to be treated • It is important not to be insensitive and unsympathetic, but at the same not to be patronising • Islam requires its followers to observe its teachings in everyday life, on a social as well as individual and spiritual level Dietary Requirements • • • • Muslims are forbidden to eat pork Alcohol forbidden Most Muslims eat Halal slaughtered meat If Halal meat requested, it should be provided • Vegetarian alternative should always be available Festivals • Two festivals in Islam • 1- Eid-ul-Fitr – Marks the end of Ramadhan • 2- Eid-ul-Adha – Marks the end of the Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah Islam condemns terrorism • Islam unequivocally prohibits indiscriminate bombings such as what happened on 9/11, 7/7 etc.. • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stressed the prohibition of killing women, children, the elderly etc.. even in times of war • Foreign policies of ‘the west’ is not an excuse • Terrorists are misguided and ignorant of Islamic teachings and do not follow the advice of the real scholars of Islam The Guardian, 14 January 2015 “The fact is that the role of religion in radicalisation (and deradicalisation) is grossly overestimated. There is actually no empirical evidence to support the claim that religion (any religion) and ideology are the primary motivators of violent extremism. The revelation that wannabe foreign fighters prepared for battle by reading copies of Islam for Dummies and The Koran for Dummies, underscores this. The point has also been made by some of the world’s most renowned scholars of terrorism who agree that other factors play a much larger role.” Islamophobia and the media • Number of anti-Muslim hate crimes has increased, ranging from "death threats and murder to persistent low-level assaults, such as spitting and name-calling," for which the media and politicians have been blamed with fuelling anti-Muslim hatred (University of Exeter report 2010). • 2006 Home Office report revealed that AsianMuslim youths "are in fact the most tolerant of all" and that white British youths "have far more intolerant attitudes," concluding that intolerance from the white British community was a greater “barrier to integration”. • Islamophobia: New hate crime category Status of Women • All Men and Women are equal before God • All Men and Women are equal before the Law • Women, like men, have: – The obligation to seek education – The right to engage in business – The right to work and keep all earnings – The right to inherit – Keep their family name and identity • Certain cultural practices are often against Islam, not because of it Women in Islam: Always first! • The first person to convert to Islam was a woman • The first martyr in Islam was a woman • “The best of you (men) are those who are best to their wives” – Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) • “Your mother, your mother, your mother and then your father!” What’s the difference? Re-evaluating history • Mansa Musa (1280 – 1337) – Muslim Emperor of West African Mali Empire – Richest person in history • Ibn Batuta (1304 – 1368) – Moroccan Muslim traveler – One of the greatest travelers of all time • Zheng He (1371–1433) – Muslim Explorer of Chinese Ming Dynasty – Great achievements before Columbus and Marco Polo Resources Key dates for 2017 • Ramadhan: – 27th May – 25th June (TBC) • Eid-Ul-Fitr: – 26th June (TBC) • Eid-Ul-Adha: – 3rd September (TBC) • Dates confirmed only 1 or 2 days prior due to sighting of the new moon Further reading/ links Qur’an online: http://quran.com Understanding Islam: www.islam-guide.com Web: www.wiltshire-icc.org Muslim Civilization: www.muslimheritage.com Email: [email protected]