Download Introduc%on to Animals - Warren County Schools

Introduc)on to Animals Focus Ques)ons: 1)What characteris)cs do all animals share? 2) What are the major body systems an animal has? 3) Which type of diges)ve system is advantageous? Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera
Cnidaria
Worms
Mollusks
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Vertebrates-­‐ Animals with backbones Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Animal Groups Application: Do vertebrates or invertebrates constitute more
of the animal world? Prove it!
Characteris:cs of ALL Animals: 1.  Are ____________________ EUKARYOTES
cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles HETEROTROPHIC
2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms MULTICELLULAR
3. Are ____________________ made of many cells SPECIALIZATION
4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs Characteris:cs of ALL Animals: MOVE (at some point in life cycle) 5. _____________ for food, find mates, escape danger DNA
6.  Contain _____________ which carries the gene:c code REPRODUCE
7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduc:on (few asexual) 10 Body Systems : 1. _____________________ INTEGUMENTARY
OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID,
prevents heat & water loss
10 Body Systems : DIGESTIVE
2. _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste NO OPENINGS:
Food enters through skin
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE
OUT through same opening
Two openings:
FOOD IN at one end (mouth)
WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only one direction it
allows for organ specialization
(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems : 3. __________________ CIRCULATORY
Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ CLOSED
loose inside body spaces = _OPEN
______ 10 Body Systems : 4. ___________________ RESPIRATORY
Exchange gases with the
environment
• take in oxygen
• get rid of waste gases
(CO2 &/or ammonia)
10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ EXCRETORY
•  Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells •  Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________)
OSMOREGULATION NITROGEN WASTE : AMMONIA
_________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _________________ Made from ammonia by liver UREA
Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) URIC ACID LEAST TOXIC _________________ Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) NITROGEN WASTE ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! DIGESTIVE
WASTE
WHERE ITS
MADE?
left over from
undigested food
Body system used?
Handled by
digestive system
In what form?
Feces
NITROGEN
WASTE
made by cells
from break
down of proteins
Handled by
excretory system
ammonia, urea,
or uric acid
10 Body Systems : SKELETAL
6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protec:on ENDOSKELETON
Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _EXOSKELETON
______________ 10 Body Systems : MUSCULAR
7. _______________ Locomo:on-­‐ move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through diges:ve system; blood through vessels) 10 Body Systems : 8. _REPRODUCTIVE
____________________ -­‐ Produce offspring by combining gene:c material from 2 parents = _SEXUAL
_________________________ REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic
material from only 1 parent
=_____________________________
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
10 Body Systems : INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT ______________ immature LARVA looks different than adult _DIRECT
_________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults Sperm and egg join fertilization
outside female s body = _External
__________________ Sperm and egg join inside female s body = ____________________ Internal fertilization
9. ___________________
NERVOUS
Receive sensory info
about environment
&
send response signals
ENDOCRINE
10. __________________
Make hormones
that regulate
other body systems
(only in higher animals)
Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry ASYMMETRY
___________________ No symmetry Doesn t maker how you cut it; you never get 2 iden:cal halves. Radial Symmetry _______ Get 2 iden:cal halves in several direc:ons. Bilateral Symmetry ___________ If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direc:on Focus Ques)ons: •  How can embryology help us classify organisms? •  What is a blastopore? •  What characteris)cs are shared by protostomes? And deuterostomes? EMBRYOLOGY 1.  Where does BLASTOPORE end up?
2.  What do embryos look like as they divide?
3.  When do cells decide what they will be?
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes
digestive
system
1.  Where does BLASTOPORE end up?
What do embryos look like as they divide? SPIRAL
CLEAVAGE
RADIAL
CLEAVAGE
When do cells decide what they will become? Cells decide early
Removing cell causes death
DETERMINATE
Cells decide later
Removing cell OK
INDETERMINATE
ANIMALS PROTOSTOMES
DEUTEROSTOMES
Blastopore becomes
MOUTH
Blastopore becomes
ANUS
Decide later
(INDETERMINATE)
RADIAL cleavage
Decide very early
(DETERMINATE)
SPIRAL cleavage
ALL INVERTEBRATES
except ECHINODERMS
ALL VERTEBRATES
(Fish, amphibians, birds,
reptiles, mammals)
plus ECHINODERMS
EMBRYOLOGY __________________ Echinoderms
are the excep:on to the rule ! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like DEUTEROSTOMES
_________________________ EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes
digestive
system
Focus Ques)ons: 1) What are the 3 germ layers, and what do they develop into? 2) Describe the internal structure of animals that have a pseudocoelem or eucoelom. 3) Which type of coelom is advantageous? All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Digestive system,
respiratory
muscle,
excretory,
bones,
Mesoderm circulatory
Outer
skin,
brain,
Ectoderm nervous system
Types of Coeloms (See-­‐Lums) No cavity (space) around organs ACOELOM = without space
FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES! Types of Coeloms (See-­‐Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) PSEUDOCOELOM
ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES! Kinds of Coeloms (See-­‐Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
EUCOELOMATES ALL
VERTEBRATES &
SOME
INVERTEBRATES
ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!
3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
EUCOELOM
PSEUDOCOELOM
Advantages o
f h
aving a
C
OELOM (body space): Provides space for internal organs
In animals without a skeletonFluid in coelom space can act as a
HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vesselsFluid in coelom space can circulate
nutrients and oxygen to cells
WHY is a EUCOELOM the best? Digestive organ muscles and body wall
muscles
come from MESODERM in
different places so organism can digest food
and move at same time.
Which way is up? DORSAL (top)
ANTERIOR head end POSTERIOR
tail end
VENTRAL (underneath)
CEPHALIZATION
________________ Concentra:on of nervous :ssue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)