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Saket Singh Kaurav Curator National Council of Science Museums (Headquarters) Kolkata [email protected] www.ncsm.gov.in DAY TIME On Earth, daytime is roughly the period on any given point of the planet's surface during which it experiences natural illumination from indirect or (especially) direct sunlight. 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Earth daylight Northern Solstice 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Earth daylight Southern Solstice 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Astronomical observations are usually regarded as night-time activity so doing ―hands-on‖ astronomy activities during the day sometimes arises surprise!! There are two views or explanations of what happens in the sky. The earthbound view — On Earth, our perception is that the sun, stars, and all other natural objects in the solar system move around us from east to west. We say that the sun ―goes across the sky.‖ The astronaut’s view — An astronaut looking at the Earth from space sees the Earth rotating from west to east as it revolves around the sun. They say that, ―it is the earth that is turning.‖ 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore This apparent motion of the sky varies depending on where your location on the Earth – THUS - Latitude or where you live is important. To understand our place in space, we need to consider both views together. Many educators/teachers who are apprehensive about offering astronomy sessions at night never think of doing astronomy activities during the day. Before attempting a night astronomy program it is worthwhile to understand and appreciate some principles of astronomy that are applicable during the day. 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore © NCSM 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore SUN in different Wavelengths Sun in Different Wavelengths Our the SUN About Sun Portion of EM Wave Wavelength Layer Venus Transit – June 2012 About Venus Transit © NCSM 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Front Side Solar Eclipses 2012 -13 Date Type 2012 May 20 Annular Duration Visibility 05m46s Asia, Pacific, N. America [Annular: China, Japan, Pacific, w U.S.] 2012 Nov Total 13 04m02s Australia, N.Z., s Pacific, s S. America [Total: n Australia, s Pacific] 2013 May 10 06m03s Australia, N.Z., c Pacific [Annular: n Australia, Solomon Is., c Pacific] 01m40s e Americas, s Europe, Africa [Hybid: Atlantic, c Africa] Annular 2013 Nov Hybrid 03 Warning: Use proper safeguard to observe Solar Eclipses. © NCSM 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Back Side Planet-Finding Transit Simulation Kit/Exhibit Any Star (Sun) Any Planet (Venus ) lightmeter Planet Orbit © NCSM Not in scale 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Observe Venus Transit on your desk © NCSM Not in scale 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Observe Sun (Pin Hole Camera) Card Board Variable Height Card Board Not in scale Image dia = (1/100)*pinhole hight +pinhole dia 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore SUN: Heat or IR Light Sun Light Incoming light Prism Thermometer Pinhole Dispersing Element (Prism or Gratting) Violet Light RED IR Light We are doing experimentation with this kit to come up with feasible changes in temperature. © NCSM Not in scale 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Thermometer Incandesce light source Regulator 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore A spectrometer capable of seeing the Fraunhoffer lines in the solar spectrum can be made from a compact disk and a cardboard tube. Joseph Von Fraunhoffer 1814 Sees absorption lines in the solar spectrum Each element has its own signature. 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore SUN – A Journey through Time Sun – A Journey Through Time © NCSM 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Observe the SUN spot Partial Solar Eclipse Sun Spots Continuously monitoring of Sun spots about a week can show the variation in sun spots. Rotation of Sun. Not in scale 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore How Day & Night happen in 24 hours. If you hold an earth globe outdoor in sunlight so that your position on the real earth is on top of the globe, then the north of the globe will point toward true north. In this case the sunlight will fall on the globe exactly the same way that it falls on the earth. 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Kepler’s 2nd Law The Law of Areas: A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Activity: Why we see one side of Moon 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Activity: Why we see one side of Moon 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore Astronomical activities 1. Making Sky cross Bow 2. Measuring distances of Stars 3. Making Sundial & Moon dial 4. Making Astrolabe 5. Rotation of Moon 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore 19th Nov, 2011 IIA Bangalore