Download Microscope

Unit 1 Lecture 4
Biology FHS
Lecture 4 Objectives
At the completion of this lecture,
student will know (will be able
these in mind as
to): weKeep
go through the notes
1) Define Microscopy.
2) Describe parts of a
microscope (Compound).
3) Compare and Contrast
different types of
microscopes used in science.
Microscopy
Blood
Dust Mite
The science of magnifying
objects (Specimens) for
study is called Microscopy.
Microscopes are tools that
allow a scientist/researcher
to see fine details that their
eyes cannot see alone.
Pollen
Sand
Jobs of any Microscope
Magnify –
Make an object/specimen “virtually” larger for study.
Resolution –
Ability to see details as separate features.
-­‐ Harder at higher magnifications.
Optical Microscopy
Uses light rays and lenses to see a sample.
1. Magnifying/Single Lenses
-­‐ One lens/objective.
-­‐ 5X to 10X.
Magnifying glass
2. Compound Light Microscopes
-­‐ Uses light and two lenses to magnify an image.
-­‐ 40 to +400X mag.(Max ~1000X)
-­‐ Most common in education.
Magnifications:
Eyepiece = 10X
Low Pow. = 4X
Mid Pow. = 10X
High Pow. = 40X
Parts of a Compound Microscope
Microscopes come in all shapes and sizes!
Multi-­‐head Microscope for Group Study!
3. Stereo Microscope (Dissecting)
-­‐ Compound lenses, but a different light path.
-­‐ Two eyepieces. -­‐ 3D image.
-­‐ Larger Subjects
-­‐ 10X to 80X Mag.
Bee Stinger under Stereo-­‐
microscope.
Electron Microscopes
-­‐
Uses beams of electrons to form an image.
-­‐ Advantage: -­‐ Greater total mag.
-­‐ +500,000X
-­‐ Greater resolution.
-­‐ Disadvantage:
-­‐ More Expensive
-­‐ Difficult/Complex to use.
-­‐ Specimen processed/dead.
Bee plated in gold for use in SEM.
2 types of Electron Microscopes
A. Transmission E.M.
-­‐ T.E.M.
-­‐ Electrons pass through specimen.
B. Scanning E.M.
-­‐ S.E.M.
-­‐ Electrons bounce off specimen.
Let’s Compare…
Light microscope
Advantages
View live specimens
Less detail
disadvantages Less resolution
e-­‐ microscope
More detail
More magnification
Can’t view live specimens
Images
Random selection of microscope Images.
Paramecium
CLM 40X
Regilo M. Gill
Butterfly/Moth
Eye Under S.E.M
Under Stereoscope
A typical bed, normally scene.
Colorized S.E.M. showing bed bugs.
Human Tongue under SEM.
1. Red Blood Cells
They look like little cinnamon candies here, but they're actually the most common type of blood cell in the human body -­‐ red blood cells (RBCs). These biconcave-­‐shaped cells have the tall task of carrying oxygen to our entire body; in women there are about 4 to 5 million RBCs p er micro liter (cubic millimeter) of blood and about 5 to 6 million in men. People who live at higher altitudes have even more RBCs because of the low oxygen levels in their environment.
2. Split End o f Human Hair
Regular trimmings to your hair and good conditioner should help to prevent this unsightly picture of a split end of a human hair.
3. Purkinje Neurons
Of the 100 b illion neurons in your brain. Purkinje (pronounced purr-­‐kin-­‐jee) neurons are some of the largest. Among other things, these cells are the masters of motor coordination in the cerebellar cortex. Toxic exposure such as alcohol and lithium, autoimmune diseases, genetic mutations including autism and neurodegenerative diseases can negatively affect human Purkinje cells.
4. Hair Cell in the Ear
Here's what it looks like to see a close-­‐up of human hair cell stereo cilia inside the ear. These detect mechanical movement in response to sound vibrations.
6. Tongue with Taste Bud
This colour-­‐enhanced image depicts a taste bud on the tongue. The human tongue has about 10,000 taste budsthat are involved with detecting salty, sour, bitter, sweet and savory taste perceptions. Thai people have very few -­‐-­‐ most killed by eating spicy food.
7. Tooth Plaque
Brush your teeth often because this is what the surface of a tooth with a form of plaque looks like.
8. Blood Clot
Remember that picture of the nice, uniform shapes of r ed blood cells you just looked at? Well, here's what it looks like when those same cells get caught up in the sticky web of a blood clot. The cell in the middle is a white blood cell.
12. Human Egg with Coronal Cells
This image is of a purple, colour-­‐enhanced human egg sitting on a pin. The egg is coated with the z ona
pellicuda, a glycoprotein that protects the egg but also helps to trap and bind sperm. Two coronal cells are attached to the zona pellicuda.
13. Sperm o n the Surface o f a Human Egg
Here's a close-­‐up of a number of sperm trying to fertilize an egg.
Colored Image of a 6 day old Human Embryo Implanting itself onto the wall of the womb
Other techniques used in biology
Cell culture
• growing cells from an original cell
Cell fractionation:
• Separate the different cell parts
Lab Work
Complete “Using a Compound Light Microscope” Lab