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section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Roaring Twenties sec. 2 Grade: Subject: Date: «grade» «date» 1 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Life during the 1920s The Big Idea Americans faced new opportunities, challenges, and fears as major changes swept the country in the 1920s. Main Ideas • In the 1920s many young people found new independence in a changing society. • Postwar tensions occasionally led to fear and violence. • Competing ideals caused conflict between Americans with traditional beliefs and those with modern views. • Following the war, minority groups organized to demand their civil rights. 2 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Main Idea 1: In the 1920s many young people found new independence in a changing society. • After the war, many young people moved to cities. • By 1920 more than half of the country’s population lived in urban areas. • Took advantage of 1920s economic boom to gain independence • New youth culture developed • Access to education grew. • High school attendance doubled in 1920s. • More attended colleges and universities. • Women also found new opportunities. • Number of women in workforce continued to grow. • New roles in politics • Some women, known as flappers, openly challenged traditional ideas of how women were supposed to behave. 3 section2.notebook 1 February 22, 2013 Women in the 1920s found new opportunities. True False Flappers in the 1920s 4 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Main Idea 2: Postwar tensions occasionally led to fear and violence. • Negative attitudes toward Communists grew in the 1920s. • After Communists took power in Russia in 1917, Americans worried that they would soon try to gain power in the United States. • Many Americans blamed Communists and radicals for labor strikes and other problems. • Attitudes led to a Red Scare, a time of fear of Communists, or Reds. • Communists were held responsible for bombings and killings. • Bombs were found in postal packages addressed to famous Americans and Communists were held responsible. • Political official’s home was bombed and police raids were organized to break up Communist and radical groups. • Italian anarchists, Sacco and Vanzetti, were convicted and executed for the robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard. 5 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 6 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Many Americans blamed Communists and radicals for labor strikes and other problems which led to this fear of Communists in the United States. 2 A Communism Fear B Red Fear C Soviet Union Fears D Red Scare 7 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Restricting Immigration • Concerns about immigration • Some Americans believed there was a general fear of foreigners. • Many recent immigrants were poor and did not speak English. • Some Americans saw immigrants as a threat to jobs and culture. • Government responded to these concerns with new laws. • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited total number of immigrants allowed into the country. • National Origins Act of 1924 banned immigration from East Asia entirely and reduced the number of immigrants allowed into the country. • Drastic drop in immigration to the United States 8 section2.notebook 3 February 22, 2013 Why did some Americans want laws passed limiting the amount of immigrants allowed into the U.S. (Choose 3) A Immigrants didn't want to come to the U.S. B General fear of foreigners C Immigrants took the high paying jobs D Saw immigrants as a threat to jobs and culture E Immigrants didn't like the U.S. F Some immigrants were poor and didn't speak English 9 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Main Idea 3: Competing ideals caused conflict between Americans with traditional beliefs and those with modern views. Prohibition • The Eighteenth Amendment outlawed the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages. • Difficult to enforce • Many broke the law. • Law reduced consumption, but did not stop Americans from drinking. • Support strongest in rural areas • Opposition strongest in cities By the end of the 1920s, the nation was weary of the effects of • Religious Ideals prohibition. • Believed that it would be better to have a legal alcohol trade with government monitoring • The Twentyfirst Amendment was passed in 1933, which ended prohibition. 10 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 11 section2.notebook 4 February 22, 2013 Prohibition (outlawed alcohol) successfully stopped all Americans from consuming alcoholic beverages. True False 12 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Religious Ideals Fundamentalism • Religious leaders were concerned abut the youth culture and the failure of prohibition in the 1920s. • Wanted to return to traditional values • Led to a movement of fundamentalism– characterized by the belief in a literal, or wordforword, interpretation of the Bible • Used the radio and modern marketing tools to draw followers • Strong in rural areas and small towns • Believed that modern scientific theories conflicted with teachings of the Bible • Opposed the teaching of evolution in public schools • Laws were passed in many states and cities to prevent the teaching of evolution. • Scopes trial in 1925 • Tennessee teacher John T. Scopes put on trial for teaching evolution • Scopes convicted and fined $100 for breaking the law • State supreme court later overturned conviction. 13 section2.notebook 5 February 22, 2013 This is the belief in a literal, or wordforword, interpretation of the Bible that was popular in the 1920s. A Biblism B religious Movement C fundamentalism D foundation movement 14 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Main Idea 4: Following the war, minority groups organized to demand their civil rights. • Great Migration– large numbers of African Americans left South to take jobs in northern factories after the war and through the 1920s. • Some white laborers feared competition for jobs. • Race riots broke out. • Ku Klux Klan gained more strength. • Harassed African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants • Worked against urbanization, women’s rights, and modern technology • Became influential in politics • More than 5 million members 15 section2.notebook February 22, 2013 Protecting Rights • African Americans began working to protect their rights. • The NAACP placed advertisements in newspapers presenting harsh facts about lynchings in the South. • Marcus Garvey encouraged black people to express pride in their culture and establish economic independence. • Black nationalism movement took root. • Hispanic Americans organized to fight prejudice and promote civil rights • Formed the League of United Latin American Citizens in 1929 • Native Americans fought to establish their rights. • In 1924 Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act, granting citizenship to all Native Americans. • Successfully prevented the federal government from taking back reservation lands 16 section2.notebook 6 February 22, 2013 This is the movement of large numbers of African Americans from the South to take jobs in northern factories. A African American Migration B Great Migration C Migration North D Northern Migration 17 section2.notebook 7 February 22, 2013 Do you think the 21st amendment should have been passed ending Prohibition. Yes No 18