Download digestive system

Concepts in Science
FINAL Study Guide
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Overall function
Compare Mechanical and Chemical digestion
Label the organs of this system (accessory organs, too)
Give the function of each part of the digestive system; for example, mouth, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach,
liver, bile duct, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Overall function
Explain the function of the four main organs of this system (liver, lungs, kidney, skin)
Describe the path of urine from the kidneys to outside the body
Define / give function of ureter, urinary bladder, nephron, urethra
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Overall function
Label the four chambers of the heart
Trace the path of blood through the circulatory system
Describe the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries
List the “ingredients” of blood
Define / give function of plasma, red blood cell, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, atrium, ventricle, blood pressure,
artery, capillary, vein
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Overall function
Name, in order, the structures through which air passes as it travels through this system
Label the structures of the respiratory system
Understand the connection to the circulatory system
Define / give function of the nose, trachea, bronchus, alveolus, gas exchange, epiglottis, larynx, diaphragm, tidal
volume, vital capacity, lungs, pharynx
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Overall Function- five basic functions
Structure of a typical bone (including function of cartilage)
Describe three types of joints and their movement type
Label at least 10 bones or bone groups on a skeleton
Explain osteoporosis and arthritis
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Overall function
Compare the three types of muscle (smooth, skeletal, cardiac)
Describe how skeletal muscles work in pairs
Define / give function of tendon, ligament, flexor, extensor
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Overall function – at least three functions of skin/accessory parts
Label a cross-section of skin (layers, parts)
Define / give function of epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, keratin, melanocytes, hair follicle, arrector pilli muscle, nails
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Overall function
Name the body’s three lines of defense
Describe how a vaccination works
Define / give function of immunity, disease, pathogen, antibody, toxin, antibiotic, allergy, asthma, passive/active
immunity
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Overall function
List the structures and functions of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
Describe nerve impulse transmission through neurons
Label the three main parts of the brain- basic functions of each
List the five sense organs- give their functions
Define / give function of neuron, cell body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, synapse, neurotransmitter, stimulus, response
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Overall function
Label and describe the function of the following glands: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid,
pancreas, adrenal, ovary, testes
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Overall function
Name and label the structures of the male reproductive system
Give the function of each male reproductive part
Name and label the structures of the female reproductive system
Give the function of each female reproductive part
Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle
Describe baby development during pregnancy and triggers for birth
Define ovulation, fertilization, ejaculation
BIOSPHERES
Define Biosphere
Know the three basic structural zones of the biosphere
Compare biotic and abiotic factors
Understand the organization of organisms: population, community, ecosystem
Define niche and habitat
Recognize the three main symbiotic relationships
Understand the components of the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorous cycle
Explain ecological succession using the terms pioneer organism and climax community
FOOD CHAINS/WEBS
Define producer, consumer, and decomposer- know their relationship to one another
Understand the various types of autotrophs and heterotrophs
Define food chains and food webs
Understand the concept of “ripple effect” in an ecosystem
Describe the various ecological energy pyramids
Explain biological magnification