Download Bonding notes - Dublin City Schools

BONDING
Objectives 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.8 and 3.9
Tuesday, October 8, 13
3.2 DESCRIBE HOW AN ATOMS ELECTRON CONFIGURATION,
PARTICULARLY THE VALENCE ELECTRONS, DETERMINE HOW
ATOMS INTERACT WITH OTHER ATOMS
• Atoms
will gain or lose electron to achieve a noble
gas electron configuration (8 valence electrons, an
octet)
• Ionic
compounds: cations lose electrons to
anions so that each atom in the compound has eight
valence electrons
• Covalent
compounds: valence electrons are
shared so that each atom in the compound has 8
valence electrons
Tuesday, October 8, 13
3.3 GIVEN ELEMENTS, PREDICT WHETHER
THEY WILL FORM A COVALENT
MOLECULE OR IONIC LATTICE.
• Ionic
compounds: Formed between a cation
(usually a metal) and an anion (a non-metal or a
polyatomic ion)
• These
are known as ionic lattice structures
• Covalent
non-metals
• These
Tuesday, October 8, 13
compounds: Formed between two
form covalent molecules
3.4 IDENTIFY PROPERTIES OF A COVALENT
MOLECULE, IONIC LATTICE, AND NETWORK
COVALENT STRUCTURES.
•
Molecular (covalent) compounds
•
Melting and boiling points: Molecular substances
tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point solids
in water: Most molecular substances are
not soluble (or only very sparingly soluble) in
water. Most are soluble in non-polar solvents
such as oil
• Solubility
• Electrical
conductivity:Molecular substances won't
conduct electricity
Tuesday, October 8, 13
3.4 IDENTIFY PROPERTIES OF A COVALENT
MOLECULE, IONIC LATTICE, AND NETWORK
COVALENT STRUCTURES.
•
Ionic compounds
Tuesday, October 8, 13
•
Melting and boiling point: Ionic compounds have a high
melting and boiling point.
•
Solubility: Ionic compounds are soluble in water
(although not all). They are not soluble in non-polar
solvents such as oil
•
Electrical conductivity: Ionic compounds and other ionic
substances will conduct electricity when they are
dissolved in a liquid such as, water or when they are
molten (liquid). They do not conduct electricity in their
solid form.
3.5 USE ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES TO
PREDICT WHETHER A BOND IS IONIC
OR COVALENT
•
Electronegativity - attraction of a nucleus for outside
electrons. Pauling scale is used to measure
•
A difference of 1.8 unit or more is considered an ionic
bond. From 0 to 1.7 is a polar covalent bond and no
difference is a covalent bond
•
Remember electronegativity increases across a period and
decreases down a group
•
Determine if a bond between the following atoms is ionic
or covalent. (pg 403)
•
Tuesday, October 8, 13
H-H, S-H, Cl-H, Na-Cl
3.8 GIVEN A COMPOUND IDENTIFY THE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BONDS PRESENT
• Ionic
bonds - form between a cation and anion
• cations: metals
and ammonium ion
• anions: non-metals
• Covalent
bonds - form between two nonmetal elements
• Polyatomic
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and polyatomic ions
ions are held together with covalent bonds
3.7 EXPLAIN THE PROPERTIES OF METALS
IN TERMS OF BONDING
• Metallic
bonding - known
as the electron sea model.
Electrons are free to flow
amongst the metal atoms
Metals...
• Conduct electricity very well
• Conduct heat very well
• Are malleable and ductile
• Mix with other metal to form alloys
Tuesday, October 8, 13
3.9 DESCRIBE HOW CARBON BONDS WITH H, O, N, S TO FORM
CHAINS, RINGS, BRANCHING NETWORKS WHICH ARE
CHARACTERISTIC OF POLYMERS, FOSSIL FUELS, AND LARGE
BIOMOLECULES.
• Carbon
has unusual ability to
bond strongly to itself.
• This
results in long chains or
rings of carbon atoms
• Carbon
also forms strong
bonds to non-metals such as,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
and sulfur
Tuesday, October 8, 13
3.9 DESCRIBE HOW CARBON BONDS WITH H, O, N, S TO FORM
CHAINS, RINGS, BRANCHING NETWORKS WHICH ARE
CHARACTERISTIC OF POLYMERS, FOSSIL FUELS, AND LARGE
BIOMOLECULES.
• Examples
of carbon containing
compounds
• Polymers: polyethylene, PVC,
nylon, polyester
• Biomolecules: Amino
acid/
proteins, DNA, triglycerides
(fat), carbohydrates
• Fossil
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fuels: Coal, Petroleum