Download Section 1:Energy

Name ______________________________
Date____________
Science 8 Period ____
Notes #7
Section 1:Energy
Energy - the ability to do ____________
A river can move a boat, a car can move people, they must have
______________.
The First State of Energy
•___________ Energy – Stored energy because of an objects
____________ or chemical makeup.
•_____________ Potential Energy - A rock on a cliff has potential
energy
 GPE = weight x height above ground
•____________ Potential Energy –Food, Coal, Gasoline
•____________ Potential Energy - Spring
The Second State of Energy
•____________ Energy – energy an object has because it is
moving.
 KE = ½ x mass x velocity2
•Also heat from burning.
•A ball falling has kinetic energy.
•Gasoline exploding is kinetic energy.
•The _____________ it moves, the more kinetic energy.
Potential and Kinetic Energy
•Potential energy may become kinetic energy.
•Water behind a dam has a lot of __________ energy. Releasing
the water and letting it flow changes the energy to ___________.
•Kinetic energy may also become potential energy.
•Throwing a ball straight up into the air – Its kinetic energy of
motion is changed into potential energy. The _________ an object
goes the more potential energy it has.
Section 2 and 3: Forms of Energy
- Potential and Kinetic Energy exist in many forms.
Mechanical Energy
•Energy in which objects are moving and perform
__________
•Ex. Hammering a nail.
•Ex. Pushing a car.
Sound Energy
•Energy that produces _________________ and may be
heard.
•Ex. Music
•Ex. Crash
Chemical Energy
•Energy is stored in the ____________ of substances.
•When burned, this ____________ is released.
•Ex. Gasoline
•Ex. Candle
Nuclear Energy
•Energy is stored in the _____________ of an atom and
released when they break apart.
•Ex. Nuclear Bomb
Heat (Thermal) Energy
•Energy caused by molecules __________ ______________.
•Ex. Rubbing hands together
•Ex. Burning Fuel
•Ex. Toaster
Electric Energy
•Energy Produced by the flow of _____________ through a
wire.
•Ex. Computer
•A generator can produce electrical energy.
Light Energy
•Energy in the form of waves from _____________ light.
•Ex. Using a magnifying glass to burn a hole in a leaf.
•Ex. Lamp
Conservation of Energy
•Energy cannot be ___________ or ______________ but
can be transferred from one form to another.
•The amount of energy in the universe _________
__________.
Section 4: Fossil Fuels and
Alternatives
Fossil Fuels
•Formed by the ________ of plant and animal remains over
____________ of years
•________, petroleum, natural _________.
When burned, these produce water and ________________.
• Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they cannot be
______________ as quickly as they are ____________.
• These fuels can be burned to produce ____________ in a power
plant.
Nuclear Energy
•Controlled nuclear ___________ generate ________.
The heat causes water to ______ and the steam then turns a
__________ generator.
Renewable Resources
•Energy sources that can be _________ nearly as quickly as it is
used.
•_________ power
•______________
•_____________
•______________
Wind
Solar
•__________ energy from the sun is turned into electrical energy.
•Very __________ to produce
Dependent on the ___________ in the area.
Hydroelectricity
•Electricity produced by
_______ _______.
•Almost no __________
is created.
The _____ may have a
negative effect on surrounding _______________.
Geothermal
•Where ________ is close to the
Earth’s surface, a pipe is drilled
into the Earth to capture the
_____.
•Very _______ pollution is
produced.
This can only happen in a few
places where the magma is close
enough to the Earth’s __________.
Gravitational
•The ______ and _____ gravity cause
ocean tides.
•This rise and fall of the sea level can cause a ________ to turn.
Nearly pollution _____ but only a few places have a large enough
tide for this to happen.
Wind
•Windmills harness the energy of the wind to produce
___________.
•No pollution is generated but they have very low
______________.
Few places have ________ __________ winds to make this useful.