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Worksheet Questions — Tim Dowley, Introduction to the History of Christianity “Section 4 – A Christian Society [A.D.] 600–1500” (pp. 225–350) Instructions: Select the best answer from the list given for each statement or question. Some may have more than one true answer; select the best answer based on the context and the material in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Who is known as the “first scholastic”? a. Abelard b. Anselm c. Aquinas d. Boethius e. Occam “This event [Clovis’ conversion through military victory] points up the general pattern of early medieval conversions. The change to Christianity was essentially a matter of ____.” a. local conversions b. individual conversion c. royal policy d. family conversion e. chance “Clovis’ conversion laid the foundations for an important alliance between ____ and the Franks.” a. monasteries b. abbots c. the papacy d. the East e. Africa Gregory the Great promoted allegorical interpretation of the scriptures. a. true b. false Augustine of Hippo and Augustine of Canterbury (archbishop of the church in England) are the same person. a. true b. false “____ became medieval Christianity’s greatest opponent.” a. pagan kings and queens b. Islam c. Muhammad d. apostates e. poverty “… forced conversions [to Islam] were ____.” a. common b. the rule c. the exception d. part of the religion e. non-existent 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Who defeated the Muslim advance into France from Spain? a. Charles of Anjou b. Charlemagne c. Gregory d. Augustine of Canterbury e. Charles Martel “The Muslim community believed that their civilization was superior to all others, since the revelation to Muhammad ____ …” a. was superior b. said so c. was the final one d. was more recent than the Old & New Testaments “After Gregory the Great, European Catholicism went through a difficult period. The papacy suffered at the hands of both the Lombards in Italy and the ____.” a. Byzantine rulers b. Muslims c. Franks d. monastic movement in Gaul [France] e. Goths in Germany Which came first as rulers in Gaul [France]? a. Carolingians b. Merovingians c. Irish Celts d. Etruscans e. Saxons Charles Martel was a a. Carolingian b. Merovingian c. Irish Celt d. Etruscan e. Saxon “The alliance between the papacy and ____ represents the culmination of the papal quest, and opened a new and momentous chapter in the history of medieval Christianity.” a. Leo III b. the Merovingians c. the Muslims d. the Carolingians e. Eastern emperors Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 1 of 8 14. “In response to Pope Stephen’s appeal for help, Pepin recovered territories in north-east and central Italy from the Lombards and gave them to the pope, an action known as the ‘Donation of Constantine.’ This confirmed the legal foundation of the Papal States.” a. true b. false 15. The Donation of Constantine was exposed as a forgery in the 9th century. a. true b. false 16. There was an Emperor Leo III in the East and a Pope Leo III in the West. a. true b. false 17. “The concluding act in the papal attempt to free itself from Constantinople came on Christmas Day 800 when Pope Leo III revived the Empire in the West by crowning Charlemagne as emperor. However, Charlemagne did not relish the thought of owing his crown to the pope. In the last fourteen years of his reign he made the papacy subordinate in his Empire.” a. true b. false 18. Charlemagne’s chief educational adviser was a. Pepin b. Leo III c. Alcuin of York d. Abelard e. Anselm 19. “The Irishman ____ was the only accomplished Greek scholar in the Carolingian world.” a. John Duns Scotus b. Erasmus c. Alcuin of York d. Abelard e. John Scotus Erigena 20. Which one of the following is not listed as a bone of contention between the Eastern and Western churches? a. celibacy b. dating Easter c. filioque d. Eucharist e. iconoclasm f. language h. haircuts (tonsure) 21. “Several Carolingian monks disputed the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary, a view widely accepted from the fifth century.” a. true b. false 22. Which one of the following is connected with predestination? a. Anselm b. Abelard c. Gottschalk d. Radbertus e. Nicholas I 23. Which of the following is connected with what became “transubstantiation”? a. Anselm b. Abelard c. Gottschalk d. Radbertus e. Nicholas I 24. After Charlemagne, “Laymen controlled the churches by means of the ‘____’ system …” a. feudal b. spoils c. state-church d. proprietary e. church 25. The practice of purchasing church positions with money is called a. proprietorship b. feudalism c. simony d. primogeniture e. nepotism 26. Who was the most important pope between Gregory the Great and Gregory VII? 1. Boniface b. Benedict c. Stephen d. Clement e. Nicholas 27. “____ provided the desparately needed assistance to raise the papacy out of the mire of Roman and Italian politics. His entrance into papal and Italian affairs was indeed a fateful decision.” a. Henry I b. John XII c. Stephen IV d. Nicholas I e. Otto the Great 28. “German involvement in papal affairs meant emperors deciding who should be pope, or recognizing ____.” a. non-papal appointed bishops b. Eastern church leaders c. other kings d. anti-popes e. council decisions Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 2 of 8 29. “New Rome” was a. Alexandria b. Avignon c. Constantinople d. Antioch e. London 30. “From the first ecumenical council at Nicaea (325), to the ____, also held at Nicaea, in 787, it was always the ____ who called the council and presided over it— either personally or by deputy.” a. fifth – pope b. seventh – pope c. fifth – emperor d. seventh – emperor 31. “____ Christians today still place great emphasis on these ____ ecumenical councils. They sometimes refer to themselves as “The Church of the ____ Councils.” a. Eastern – seven – Seven b. Eastern – five – True c. Western – seven – True d. Western – five – Five e. Western – seven –Seven 32. “Eventually the chief metropolitans became known as ‘____’.” a. abbots b. curates c. patriarchs d. lords e. overseers 33. “The ____, ‘the living image of Christ’, stood at the head of the church.” a. emperor b. metropolitan c. patriarch d. pope 34. “… in the Eastern church, the ecclesiastical role of the imperial head of state became traditional, so that after Roman emperors ceased to exist in the fifteen century the church conferred its attention on ____ emperors as a substitute. This helps to explain the strong national identity of modern orthodox churches.” a. Byzantine b. Greek c. foreign d. pagan e. Russian 35. “It was ____ … who took the final step of totally outlawing paganism and establishing orthodox Christianity as the only official religion of the Roman Empire.” a. Constantine b. Justinian c. Constantius d. Julian e. Theodosius 36. Which emperor was known as donating more for church building and furnishing, including St. Sofia? a. Julian b. Constantine c. Justinian d. Theodosius e. Julian 37. “In time the church began to regard correct behavior as much more important than correct belief …” a. true b. false 38. When did the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches finally separate? a. 626 b. 754 c. 787 d. 815 e. 1054 f. 1393 39. “Growing out of the reform movement of the monastery at ____ a great renewal came to eleventhcentury Christianity which helped the church gain control over medieval Europe.” a. Avignon b. Bordeaux c. Cluny d. Dublin e. Earles 40. “As they examined canon law, they learned that the initiative for choosing a pope should lie with the king or emperor rather than with the clergy and the people.” a. true b. false 41. The election of the pope by the college of cardinals began officially under Pope a. Gregory VII b. Urban II c. Nicholas II d. Leo IX e. Innocent III 42. Who stood in the snow for 3 days at Canossa in order to obtain forgiveness? a. Gregory VII b. Nicholas II c. Henry IV d. Henry III e. William 43. William the Conqueror was sanctioned by the pope to invade England. a. true b. false Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 3 of 8 44. Who appointed Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury? a. William the Conqueror b. William II c. Innocent III d. Henry IV e. Henry I 45. Innocent III was one of the most powerful popes in history; he required Jews to wear a special badge. a. true b. false 46. “Finally, ____ was adopted as orthodox at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.” a. infant baptism b. papal infallibility c. consubstantiation d. celibacy e. transubstantiation 47. Which one of the following is NOT one of the seven sacraments of the church? a. prayer b. matrimony c. ordination d. confirmation e. extreme unction f. baptism g. Eucharist h. penance 48. Lay persons were barred from taking wine for fear of it being spilled. a. true b. false 49. Which one of the following was not a monastic order? a. Franciscans b. Dominicans c. Cistercians d. Templars e. Augustinians f. Premonstratensians 50. Which one was the most intellectual, academic order? a. Franciscans b. Dominicans c. Cistercians d. Templars e. Augustinians f. Premonstratensians 51. Who were the “Grey Friars”? a. Franciscans b. Dominicans c. Cistercians d. Templars e. Augustinians f. Premonstratensians 52. Who were the “Black Friars”? a. Franciscans b. Dominicans c. Cistercians d. Templars e. Augustinians f. Premonstratensians 53. Which one of the following is not listed as a Franciscan? a. William of Ockham b. Roger Bacon c. Francis Bacon d. Bonaventura e. Alexander of Hales 54. The patriarch of Constantinople first excommunicated the pope, then the pope’s legate, Humbert, excommunicated the patriarch in retaliation. a. true b. false 55. “There is little doubt that the crusaders were largely driven by ____ motives.” a. unworthy b. political c. military d. religious e. economic 56. The most successful crusade was the a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th 57. “By the twelfth century the ____ schools had surpassed the monastic establishments …” a. private b. public c. cathedral d. parish e. diocese 58. Anselm said, “I do not seek to believe that I might understand, but I understand that I may believe …” a. true b. false 59. Transubstantiation had its beginnings with a. Berengar b. Origin c. Anselm d. Lanfranc e. Abelard 60. The idea of atonement for ransom for sin was replaced by ____ idea of satisfaction by Christ for sin. a. Abelard’s b. Aquinas’ c. Augustine’s d. Ambrose’s e. Anselm’s Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 4 of 8 61. “It was probably Abelard’s methods more than his conclusions that upset many important medieval church leaders…. He quoted authorities on both sides [of an issue] and left the contradictions unresolved.” a. true b. false 62. Peter Lombard was a pupil of a. Anselm b. Berengar c. Lanfranc d. Aquinas e. Abelard 63. “The cathedral schools culminated in the foundation of ____.” a. hospitals b. museums c. colleges d. universities e. medieval libraries 64. “Anselm was one of the early ____theologicans.” a. realist b. idealist c. nominalist d. ontological e. scholastic 65. “The New Testament speaks of Christ dying for us; Anselm tried to explain it by means of medieval ideas of ____.” a. cause and effect b. realism c. idealism d. nominalism e. merit and rewards 66. Plato’s philosophy was based on idealism. With the discovery of Aristotle, ____ became the underlying philosophical foundation. a. realism b. idealism c. universalism d. nominalism e. logic 67. Abelard “believed that genuine Christianity was both reasonable and ____.” a. fantastic b. logical c. faithful d. unreasonable e. consistent 68. Who was murdered in the Canterbury Cathedral by Henry II’s knights? a. Anselm b. Abelard c. Thomas Becket d. Geoffrey Chaucer e. Henry I 69. “All these [religious] beliefs were confronted by a system [Aristotelian] which taught that matter and form were eternal, that there was no individual immortality apart from the body, and that no cosmic progress was possible …” a. true b. false 70. Aristotle and Aquinas apparently believed that God created time. a. true b. false 71. The “greatest scholastic theologian of the Middle Ages” “was a fat, slow, pious boy” “the Dumb Ox,” named _____. a. Anselm b. Abelard c. Thomas Aquinas d. Peter Lombard e. Averroes 72. “… in 1879 the pope declared Thomism (Aquinas’s theology) eternally ____.” a. anathema b. condemned c. true d. valid e. justified 73. The promise of the Mongol rulers becoming Christian ended because “the western Mongols became ____ and prevented the missionaries from travelling through their territories.” a. indifferent b. hostile c. Buddhists d. militant e. Muslims 74. Which one of the following is not listed as the fourfold scheme for studying scriptures? a. anagogical b. allegorical c. literal d. practical e. moral 75. “Never has biblical interpretation been made so ____ as during the Dark Ages.” a. lucid b. clear c. allegorical d. metaphorical e. obscure 76. “They replaced dialectical reasoning with ecstasy and intuition as the accepted yardstick for interpreting.” a. true b. false Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 5 of 8 77. “… Abraham ibn Ezra … identified five traditional methods of biblical interpretation, but preferred the ____ approach, which explains the meaning intended by the biblical writer.” a. allegorical b. literal c. metaphorical d. opaque e. plain 78. The monastic order from 600 on was based on the rule of a. Boniface b. Bernard c. Cuthbert d. Benedict e. Columbanus 79. The Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Kells are examples of a. metaphorical translations b. the new sewed scripture bindings c. illumination of manuscripts d. pictures with text e. English manuscripts 80. “One of the advantages of being a Cluniac monk was that Cluniac monasteries were ____ both of the local bishop and the local lay nobility.” a. superior b. anterior c. posterior d. dependent e. independent 81. The hermit form of monasticism was mainly renewed in a. France b. England c. Germany d. Italy e. Jerusalem 82. Monastic popularity was replaced by that of a. abbots b. friars c. bishops d. lay ministry e. priors 83. “Growing criticism of monastic abuses and even of the very principle of monasticism itself foreshadowed the great attack that the institution was to experience ____.” a. by Pope Celestine V b. by Pope Boniface VIII c. by Pope Benedict XI d. by Pope Clement V e. by Pope Benedict XII f. in the Protestant Reformation 84. “The primary appeal of Orthodoxy [in Russia] was ____ rather than intellectual or moral.” a. ascetic b. aesthetic c. doctrinal d. ethical e. cultural 85. “During this period [of Mongol rule], the Russian church continued to be led by the Metropolitan of Kiev and Vladimir, who was usually appointed and consecrated by Constantinople, but approved by the Khan. This situation goes a long way towards explaining why Russia never experienced a Renaissance and Reformation as western Europe did. a. true b. false 86. The “Third Rome” was/is a. Constantinople b. Kiev c. St. Petersburg d. Antioch e. Moscow 87. “In 1453, [the Ottoman Turks] captured Constantinople itself, killing the Byzantine emperor and making the Ecumenical Patriarch the virtual prisoner of the Muslim conquerors.” a. true b. false 88. “… the ____— were to become the foremost order of the Inquisition.” a. Franciscans b. Augustinians c. Cistercians d. Dominicans e. Benedictines 89. “The Inquisition was a special court with a peculiar power to judge ____ as well as actions.” a. intentions b. extensions c. free speech d. declarations e. words 90. “The Cathars should in no sense be regarded as medieval ____, as writers have sometimes mistakenly suggested.” a. Catholics b. Eastern Orthodox c. atheists d. agnostics e. Protestants 91. The Cathers had similarities to the a. Mandaeans b. Montantists c. Donatists d. Manicheans e. Docetists Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 6 of 8 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. “____ was the scene of extensive activity by the Inquisition.” a. Spain b. France c. Germany d. Italy e. England Which one of the following popes abdicated? a. Boniface VIII b. Martin IV c. Honorius IV d. Nicholas IV e. Celestine V Who was the first Avignon pope? a. Benedict XI b. John XXII c. Benedict XII d. Innocent VI e. Clement V The “Avignon Captivity” lasted about a. 25 years b. 40 years c. 70 years d. 150 years e. 200 years Which pope tried to destroy the Knights Templar? a. Benedict XI b. John XXII c. Benedict XII d. Innocent VI e. Clement V “Pope John XXII … was one of the most efficient— and ____—of fourteenth century popes.” a. compassionate b. extravagant c. ruthless d. intelligent e. ascetic The Hundred Years War in France began when who was pope? a. John XXII b. Clement V c. Innocent IV d. Benedict XII e. Benedict XIII “____ was a forerunner of the great Renaissance popes, lavish in expenditure on pomp and ceremony, and open in his support of members of his own family. His own personal life left much to be desired from the moral standpoint.” a. Innocent IV b. Benedict XII c. Benedict XIII d. Clement V e. Clement VI 100. Which pope went back to Avignon when the cardinals elected him as an alternate pope? a. Urban V b. Gregory XI c. Urban VI d. Clement VII e. Alexander V 101. “In the earlier medieval period two and even three popes had occasionally co-existed. But this Schism was far more serious. Unlike earlier schisms, the problem originated within the papal court itself, among cardinals.” a. true b. false 102. “Eventually after a trial in 1415, John XXIII was forced to give up his claim to the papacy. In the same year Gregory XII resigned, leaving but one pope, the Spanish ____. He too was tried and deposed in 1417. He went on living in Spain under the delusion that her was the only true pope, until his death in 1422.” a. Boniface IX b. Innocent VII c. Martin V d. Benedict XIII e. Urban VII 103. Jan Hus “lifted ____ to an important status in church services.” a. scripture b. Eucharist c. confession d. preaching e. prayer 104. Which one of the following is not emphasized about Jan Hus? a. withholding the cup of wine from the people b. public prayer c. corruptness of the clergy d. clergy forgiving sins e. belief in false miracles f. superstitious pilgrimages 105. Who is described as “One of the greatest of humanist church leaders …” a. Eugene IV b. Felix V c. Nicholas V d. Calixtus III e. Pius II f. Paul II 106. Which pope built the Sistine chapel in Rome? a. Paul II b. Pius II c. Sixtus IV d. Alexander VI e. Nicholas V Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 7 of 8 107. Who “was one of the most controversial of all the popes”? a. Sixtus IV b. Savonarola c. Innocent VII d. Innocent VIII e. Alexander VI 108. Rodrigo Borgia was a. French b. Italian c. Swiss d. Spanish e. Portuguese 109. Which pope drew the Line of Demarcation in the New World to settle disputes of territorial claims between Spain and Portugal? a. Alexander VI b. Pius III c. Julius II d. Leo X e. Hadrian VI 110. “Savonarola inspired the ‘burning of the vanities’ when the people made a great bonfire of cosmetics, false hair, ____ and gambling equipment.” a. corsets b. indulgences c. tax rolls d. alcohol e. pornographic books 111. “Secular influence over the spiritual power was far more acceptable in the West than in the East.” a. true b. false 112. “Pope John XXII ____ the Franciscan doctrine of poverty in 1323.” a. supported b. acquiesced to c. ignored d. condemned 113. Whose teachings were called into question by such men as William of Ockham and Duns Scotus? a. Aristotle’s b. Plato’s c. Anselm’s d. Lombard’s e. Abelard’s f. Aquinas’s 114. “Only individual or ‘particular’ things have real existence.” Not universals. “Since knowledge was based on experience of individual things, natural science took a new significance.” This is the philosophy of a. idealism b. realism c. universalism d. pragmatism e. nominalism 115. “____ was the foremost land of mysticism.” a. France b. Italy c. England d. Scotland e. Germany Docs>Curric>Worksheets>352> “Dowley-Ques-Wrk4.doc” 22-May-07 Page 8 of 8