Download Worksheet Questions — Tim Dowley, Introduction to the History of

Worksheet Questions — Tim Dowley, Introduction to the History of Christianity
“Section 4 – A Christian Society [A.D.] 600–1500” (pp. 225–350)
Instructions: Select the best answer from the list given for each statement or question. Some may have more than one true
answer; select the best answer based on the context and the material in the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who is known as the “first scholastic”?
a. Abelard
b. Anselm
c. Aquinas
d. Boethius
e. Occam
“This event [Clovis’ conversion through military
victory] points up the general pattern of early
medieval conversions. The change to Christianity was
essentially a matter of ____.”
a. local conversions
b. individual conversion
c. royal policy
d. family conversion
e. chance
“Clovis’ conversion laid the foundations for an
important alliance between ____ and the Franks.”
a. monasteries
b. abbots
c. the papacy
d. the East
e. Africa
Gregory the Great promoted allegorical interpretation
of the scriptures.
a. true
b. false
Augustine of Hippo and Augustine of Canterbury
(archbishop of the church in England) are the same
person.
a. true
b. false
“____ became medieval Christianity’s greatest
opponent.”
a. pagan kings and queens
b. Islam
c. Muhammad
d. apostates
e. poverty
“… forced conversions [to Islam] were ____.”
a. common
b. the rule
c. the exception
d. part of the religion
e. non-existent
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Who defeated the Muslim advance into France from
Spain?
a. Charles of Anjou
b. Charlemagne
c. Gregory
d. Augustine of Canterbury
e. Charles Martel
“The Muslim community believed that their
civilization was superior to all others, since the
revelation to Muhammad ____ …”
a. was superior
b. said so
c. was the final one
d. was more recent than the Old & New Testaments
“After Gregory the Great, European Catholicism went
through a difficult period. The papacy suffered at the
hands of both the Lombards in Italy and the ____.”
a. Byzantine rulers
b. Muslims
c. Franks
d. monastic movement in Gaul [France]
e. Goths in Germany
Which came first as rulers in Gaul [France]?
a. Carolingians
b. Merovingians
c. Irish Celts
d. Etruscans
e. Saxons
Charles Martel was a
a. Carolingian
b. Merovingian
c. Irish Celt
d. Etruscan
e. Saxon
“The alliance between the papacy and ____ represents
the culmination of the papal quest, and opened a new
and momentous chapter in the history of medieval
Christianity.”
a. Leo III
b. the Merovingians
c. the Muslims
d. the Carolingians
e. Eastern emperors
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14. “In response to Pope Stephen’s appeal for help, Pepin
recovered territories in north-east and central Italy
from the Lombards and gave them to the pope, an
action known as the ‘Donation of Constantine.’ This
confirmed the legal foundation of the Papal States.”
a. true
b. false
15. The Donation of Constantine was exposed as a
forgery in the 9th century.
a. true
b. false
16. There was an Emperor Leo III in the East and a Pope
Leo III in the West.
a. true
b. false
17. “The concluding act in the papal attempt to free itself
from Constantinople came on Christmas Day 800
when Pope Leo III revived the Empire in the West by
crowning Charlemagne as emperor. However,
Charlemagne did not relish the thought of owing his
crown to the pope. In the last fourteen years of his
reign he made the papacy subordinate in his Empire.”
a. true
b. false
18. Charlemagne’s chief educational adviser was
a. Pepin
b. Leo III
c. Alcuin of York
d. Abelard
e. Anselm
19. “The Irishman ____ was the only accomplished Greek
scholar in the Carolingian world.”
a. John Duns Scotus
b. Erasmus
c. Alcuin of York
d. Abelard
e. John Scotus Erigena
20. Which one of the following is not listed as a bone of
contention between the Eastern and Western
churches?
a. celibacy
b. dating Easter
c. filioque
d. Eucharist
e. iconoclasm
f. language
h. haircuts (tonsure)
21. “Several Carolingian monks disputed the question of
the perpetual virginity of Mary, a view widely
accepted from the fifth century.”
a. true
b. false
22. Which one of the following is connected with
predestination?
a. Anselm
b. Abelard
c. Gottschalk
d. Radbertus
e. Nicholas I
23. Which of the following is connected with what
became “transubstantiation”?
a. Anselm
b. Abelard
c. Gottschalk
d. Radbertus
e. Nicholas I
24. After Charlemagne, “Laymen controlled the churches
by means of the ‘____’ system …”
a. feudal
b. spoils
c. state-church
d. proprietary
e. church
25. The practice of purchasing church positions with
money is called
a. proprietorship
b. feudalism
c. simony
d. primogeniture
e. nepotism
26. Who was the most important pope between Gregory
the Great and Gregory VII?
1. Boniface
b. Benedict
c. Stephen
d. Clement
e. Nicholas
27. “____ provided the desparately needed assistance to
raise the papacy out of the mire of Roman and Italian
politics. His entrance into papal and Italian affairs was
indeed a fateful decision.”
a. Henry I
b. John XII
c. Stephen IV
d. Nicholas I
e. Otto the Great
28. “German involvement in papal affairs meant emperors
deciding who should be pope, or recognizing ____.”
a. non-papal appointed bishops
b. Eastern church leaders
c. other kings
d. anti-popes
e. council decisions
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29. “New Rome” was
a. Alexandria
b. Avignon
c. Constantinople
d. Antioch
e. London
30. “From the first ecumenical council at Nicaea (325), to
the ____, also held at Nicaea, in 787, it was always the
____ who called the council and presided over it—
either personally or by deputy.”
a. fifth – pope
b. seventh – pope
c. fifth – emperor
d. seventh – emperor
31. “____ Christians today still place great emphasis on
these ____ ecumenical councils. They sometimes refer
to themselves as “The Church of the ____ Councils.”
a. Eastern – seven – Seven
b. Eastern – five – True
c. Western – seven – True
d. Western – five – Five
e. Western – seven –Seven
32. “Eventually the chief metropolitans became known as
‘____’.”
a. abbots
b. curates
c. patriarchs
d. lords
e. overseers
33. “The ____, ‘the living image of Christ’, stood at the
head of the church.”
a. emperor
b. metropolitan
c. patriarch
d. pope
34. “… in the Eastern church, the ecclesiastical role of the
imperial head of state became traditional, so that after
Roman emperors ceased to exist in the fifteen century
the church conferred its attention on ____ emperors as
a substitute. This helps to explain the strong national
identity of modern orthodox churches.”
a. Byzantine
b. Greek
c. foreign
d. pagan
e. Russian
35. “It was ____ … who took the final step of totally
outlawing paganism and establishing orthodox
Christianity as the only official religion of the Roman
Empire.”
a. Constantine
b. Justinian
c. Constantius
d. Julian
e. Theodosius
36. Which emperor was known as donating more for
church building and furnishing, including St. Sofia?
a. Julian
b. Constantine
c. Justinian
d. Theodosius
e. Julian
37. “In time the church began to regard correct behavior
as much more important than correct belief …”
a. true
b. false
38. When did the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
churches finally separate?
a. 626
b. 754
c. 787
d. 815
e. 1054
f. 1393
39. “Growing out of the reform movement of the
monastery at ____ a great renewal came to eleventhcentury Christianity which helped the church gain
control over medieval Europe.”
a. Avignon
b. Bordeaux
c. Cluny
d. Dublin
e. Earles
40. “As they examined canon law, they learned that the
initiative for choosing a pope should lie with the king
or emperor rather than with the clergy and the
people.”
a. true
b. false
41. The election of the pope by the college of cardinals
began officially under Pope
a. Gregory VII
b. Urban II
c. Nicholas II
d. Leo IX
e. Innocent III
42. Who stood in the snow for 3 days at Canossa in order
to obtain forgiveness?
a. Gregory VII
b. Nicholas II
c. Henry IV
d. Henry III
e. William
43. William the Conqueror was sanctioned by the pope to
invade England.
a. true
b. false
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44. Who appointed Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury?
a. William the Conqueror
b. William II
c. Innocent III
d. Henry IV
e. Henry I
45. Innocent III was one of the most powerful popes in
history; he required Jews to wear a special badge.
a. true
b. false
46. “Finally, ____ was adopted as orthodox at the Fourth
Lateran Council in 1215.”
a. infant baptism
b. papal infallibility
c. consubstantiation
d. celibacy
e. transubstantiation
47. Which one of the following is NOT one of the seven
sacraments of the church?
a. prayer
b. matrimony
c. ordination
d. confirmation
e. extreme unction
f. baptism
g. Eucharist
h. penance
48. Lay persons were barred from taking wine for fear of
it being spilled.
a. true
b. false
49. Which one of the following was not a monastic order?
a. Franciscans
b. Dominicans
c. Cistercians
d. Templars
e. Augustinians
f. Premonstratensians
50. Which one was the most intellectual, academic order?
a. Franciscans
b. Dominicans
c. Cistercians
d. Templars
e. Augustinians
f. Premonstratensians
51. Who were the “Grey Friars”?
a. Franciscans
b. Dominicans
c. Cistercians
d. Templars
e. Augustinians
f. Premonstratensians
52. Who were the “Black Friars”?
a. Franciscans
b. Dominicans
c. Cistercians
d. Templars
e. Augustinians
f. Premonstratensians
53. Which one of the following is not listed as a
Franciscan?
a. William of Ockham
b. Roger Bacon
c. Francis Bacon
d. Bonaventura
e. Alexander of Hales
54. The patriarch of Constantinople first excommunicated
the pope, then the pope’s legate, Humbert,
excommunicated the patriarch in retaliation.
a. true
b. false
55. “There is little doubt that the crusaders were largely
driven by ____ motives.”
a. unworthy
b. political
c. military
d. religious
e. economic
56. The most successful crusade was the
a. 1st
b. 2nd
c. 3rd
d. 4th
57. “By the twelfth century the ____ schools had
surpassed the monastic establishments …”
a. private
b. public
c. cathedral
d. parish
e. diocese
58. Anselm said, “I do not seek to believe that I might
understand, but I understand that I may believe …”
a. true
b. false
59. Transubstantiation had its beginnings with
a. Berengar
b. Origin
c. Anselm
d. Lanfranc
e. Abelard
60. The idea of atonement for ransom for sin was replaced
by ____ idea of satisfaction by Christ for sin.
a. Abelard’s
b. Aquinas’
c. Augustine’s
d. Ambrose’s
e. Anselm’s
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61. “It was probably Abelard’s methods more than his
conclusions that upset many important medieval
church leaders…. He quoted authorities on both sides
[of an issue] and left the contradictions unresolved.”
a. true
b. false
62. Peter Lombard was a pupil of
a. Anselm
b. Berengar
c. Lanfranc
d. Aquinas
e. Abelard
63. “The cathedral schools culminated in the foundation
of ____.”
a. hospitals
b. museums
c. colleges
d. universities
e. medieval libraries
64. “Anselm was one of the early ____theologicans.”
a. realist
b. idealist
c. nominalist
d. ontological
e. scholastic
65. “The New Testament speaks of Christ dying for us;
Anselm tried to explain it by means of medieval ideas
of ____.”
a. cause and effect
b. realism
c. idealism
d. nominalism
e. merit and rewards
66. Plato’s philosophy was based on idealism. With the
discovery of Aristotle, ____ became the underlying
philosophical foundation.
a. realism
b. idealism
c. universalism
d. nominalism
e. logic
67. Abelard “believed that genuine Christianity was both
reasonable and ____.”
a. fantastic
b. logical
c. faithful
d. unreasonable
e. consistent
68. Who was murdered in the Canterbury Cathedral by
Henry II’s knights?
a. Anselm
b. Abelard
c. Thomas Becket
d. Geoffrey Chaucer
e. Henry I
69. “All these [religious] beliefs were confronted by a
system [Aristotelian] which taught that matter and
form were eternal, that there was no individual
immortality apart from the body, and that no cosmic
progress was possible …”
a. true
b. false
70. Aristotle and Aquinas apparently believed that God
created time.
a. true
b. false
71. The “greatest scholastic theologian of the Middle
Ages” “was a fat, slow, pious boy” “the Dumb Ox,”
named _____.
a. Anselm
b. Abelard
c. Thomas Aquinas
d. Peter Lombard
e. Averroes
72. “… in 1879 the pope declared Thomism (Aquinas’s
theology) eternally ____.”
a. anathema
b. condemned
c. true
d. valid
e. justified
73. The promise of the Mongol rulers becoming Christian
ended because “the western Mongols became ____
and prevented the missionaries from travelling
through their territories.”
a. indifferent
b. hostile
c. Buddhists
d. militant
e. Muslims
74. Which one of the following is not listed as the
fourfold scheme for studying scriptures?
a. anagogical
b. allegorical
c. literal
d. practical
e. moral
75. “Never has biblical interpretation been made so ____
as during the Dark Ages.”
a. lucid
b. clear
c. allegorical
d. metaphorical
e. obscure
76. “They replaced dialectical reasoning with ecstasy and
intuition as the accepted yardstick for interpreting.”
a. true
b. false
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77. “… Abraham ibn Ezra … identified five traditional
methods of biblical interpretation, but preferred the
____ approach, which explains the meaning intended
by the biblical writer.”
a. allegorical
b. literal
c. metaphorical
d. opaque
e. plain
78. The monastic order from 600 on was based on the rule
of
a. Boniface
b. Bernard
c. Cuthbert
d. Benedict
e. Columbanus
79. The Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Kells are
examples of
a. metaphorical translations
b. the new sewed scripture bindings
c. illumination of manuscripts
d. pictures with text
e. English manuscripts
80. “One of the advantages of being a Cluniac monk was
that Cluniac monasteries were ____ both of the local
bishop and the local lay nobility.”
a. superior
b. anterior
c. posterior
d. dependent
e. independent
81. The hermit form of monasticism was mainly renewed
in
a. France
b. England
c. Germany
d. Italy
e. Jerusalem
82. Monastic popularity was replaced by that of
a. abbots
b. friars
c. bishops
d. lay ministry
e. priors
83. “Growing criticism of monastic abuses and even of
the very principle of monasticism itself foreshadowed
the great attack that the institution was to experience
____.”
a. by Pope Celestine V
b. by Pope Boniface VIII
c. by Pope Benedict XI
d. by Pope Clement V
e. by Pope Benedict XII
f. in the Protestant Reformation
84. “The primary appeal of Orthodoxy [in Russia] was
____ rather than intellectual or moral.”
a. ascetic
b. aesthetic
c. doctrinal
d. ethical
e. cultural
85. “During this period [of Mongol rule], the Russian
church continued to be led by the Metropolitan of
Kiev and Vladimir, who was usually appointed and
consecrated by Constantinople, but approved by the
Khan. This situation goes a long way towards
explaining why Russia never experienced a
Renaissance and Reformation as western Europe did.
a. true
b. false
86. The “Third Rome” was/is
a. Constantinople
b. Kiev
c. St. Petersburg
d. Antioch
e. Moscow
87. “In 1453, [the Ottoman Turks] captured
Constantinople itself, killing the Byzantine emperor
and making the Ecumenical Patriarch the virtual
prisoner of the Muslim conquerors.”
a. true
b. false
88. “… the ____— were to become the foremost order of
the Inquisition.”
a. Franciscans
b. Augustinians
c. Cistercians
d. Dominicans
e. Benedictines
89. “The Inquisition was a special court with a peculiar
power to judge ____ as well as actions.”
a. intentions
b. extensions
c. free speech
d. declarations
e. words
90. “The Cathars should in no sense be regarded as
medieval ____, as writers have sometimes mistakenly
suggested.”
a. Catholics
b. Eastern Orthodox
c. atheists
d. agnostics
e. Protestants
91. The Cathers had similarities to the
a. Mandaeans
b. Montantists
c. Donatists
d. Manicheans
e. Docetists
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92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
“____ was the scene of extensive activity by the
Inquisition.”
a. Spain
b. France
c. Germany
d. Italy
e. England
Which one of the following popes abdicated?
a. Boniface VIII
b. Martin IV
c. Honorius IV
d. Nicholas IV
e. Celestine V
Who was the first Avignon pope?
a. Benedict XI
b. John XXII
c. Benedict XII
d. Innocent VI
e. Clement V
The “Avignon Captivity” lasted about
a. 25 years
b. 40 years
c. 70 years
d. 150 years
e. 200 years
Which pope tried to destroy the Knights Templar?
a. Benedict XI
b. John XXII
c. Benedict XII
d. Innocent VI
e. Clement V
“Pope John XXII … was one of the most efficient—
and ____—of fourteenth century popes.”
a. compassionate
b. extravagant
c. ruthless
d. intelligent
e. ascetic
The Hundred Years War in France began when who
was pope?
a. John XXII
b. Clement V
c. Innocent IV
d. Benedict XII
e. Benedict XIII
“____ was a forerunner of the great Renaissance
popes, lavish in expenditure on pomp and ceremony,
and open in his support of members of his own family.
His own personal life left much to be desired from the
moral standpoint.”
a. Innocent IV
b. Benedict XII
c. Benedict XIII
d. Clement V
e. Clement VI
100. Which pope went back to Avignon when the
cardinals elected him as an alternate pope?
a. Urban V
b. Gregory XI
c. Urban VI
d. Clement VII
e. Alexander V
101. “In the earlier medieval period two and even three
popes had occasionally co-existed. But this Schism
was far more serious. Unlike earlier schisms, the
problem originated within the papal court itself,
among cardinals.”
a. true
b. false
102. “Eventually after a trial in 1415, John XXIII was
forced to give up his claim to the papacy. In the same
year Gregory XII resigned, leaving but one pope, the
Spanish ____. He too was tried and deposed in 1417.
He went on living in Spain under the delusion that her
was the only true pope, until his death in 1422.”
a. Boniface IX
b. Innocent VII
c. Martin V
d. Benedict XIII
e. Urban VII
103. Jan Hus “lifted ____ to an important status in church
services.”
a. scripture
b. Eucharist
c. confession
d. preaching
e. prayer
104. Which one of the following is not emphasized about
Jan Hus?
a. withholding the cup of wine from the people
b. public prayer
c. corruptness of the clergy
d. clergy forgiving sins
e. belief in false miracles
f. superstitious pilgrimages
105. Who is described as “One of the greatest of humanist
church leaders …”
a. Eugene IV
b. Felix V
c. Nicholas V
d. Calixtus III
e. Pius II
f. Paul II
106. Which pope built the Sistine chapel in Rome?
a. Paul II
b. Pius II
c. Sixtus IV
d. Alexander VI
e. Nicholas V
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107. Who “was one of the most controversial of all the
popes”?
a. Sixtus IV
b. Savonarola
c. Innocent VII
d. Innocent VIII
e. Alexander VI
108. Rodrigo Borgia was
a. French
b. Italian
c. Swiss
d. Spanish
e. Portuguese
109. Which pope drew the Line of Demarcation in the
New World to settle disputes of territorial claims
between Spain and Portugal?
a. Alexander VI
b. Pius III
c. Julius II
d. Leo X
e. Hadrian VI
110. “Savonarola inspired the ‘burning of the vanities’
when the people made a great bonfire of cosmetics,
false hair, ____ and gambling equipment.”
a. corsets
b. indulgences
c. tax rolls
d. alcohol
e. pornographic books
111. “Secular influence over the spiritual power was far
more acceptable in the West than in the East.”
a. true
b. false
112. “Pope John XXII ____ the Franciscan doctrine of
poverty in 1323.”
a. supported
b. acquiesced to
c. ignored
d. condemned
113. Whose teachings were called into question by such
men as William of Ockham and Duns Scotus?
a. Aristotle’s
b. Plato’s
c. Anselm’s
d. Lombard’s
e. Abelard’s
f. Aquinas’s
114. “Only individual or ‘particular’ things have real
existence.” Not universals. “Since knowledge was
based on experience of individual things, natural
science took a new significance.” This is the
philosophy of
a. idealism
b. realism
c. universalism
d. pragmatism
e. nominalism
115. “____ was the foremost land of mysticism.”
a. France
b. Italy
c. England
d. Scotland
e. Germany
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