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India’s First Empires __________________ Empire 321 BC-184 BC Chandragupta Maurya, a military officer, established the ____________ Indian ___________ by overthrowing an unpopular king. He maintained _____________ by creating: 1. An efficient ____________ system 2. A strong ________ 3. An extensive ____________ network ____________- emperor from 274-232 BC, converted to _____________ after viewing the carnage of a bloody battle. He vowed to never rule with terror. Wrote ________ on pillars throughout the kingdom in the ___________ ________. He also built ______________, veterinary clinics, ____________, rest houses and planted shade trees to help travelers. Also enforced religious _____________/______________. ______________ Empire ______________ AD Started by Chandra Gupta I controlled _______________ India for over ________ years. Government maintained __________ through ______ network and use of political ________________. ______________ was the official religion. State sponsored the building of elaborate temples to various deities/gods. ______________ 375-415 AD under Chandra Gupta II, achievements in literature, __________________, __________________, and trade. Trade Spreads Indian Religions & Culture ________________ became a center of __________ between China, Africa, the Middle East & eventually Europe _________________ traveled the _________ ___________ (trade routes from China to the Middle East) Traders also used the ______________ to push their ships to SE Asia and then back to India By 250 BC _____________ & ______________ were the main ____________ in India. Buddhism divideso _______________- begins to __________ _____________ as a god, they believe one can work to save humanity by self-sacrifice and giving up nirvana 1 o _______________- traditional Buddhists, they follow the ___________teachings, the 4 Noble Truths & the Eightfold Path Hinduism had became more personal again with people devoting themselves to one of the ___________ deities Achievements Literature-________________, poet & playwright & Tamil poetry Sun based ______________, 7 day week, divided the day into hours, determined the _________ is ____________, solar year=365.358605 days ___________, _____________l point, value of _______ Han Dynasty Liu Bang establishes _______ dynasty after the decline of the Qin Dynasty. He ______________ the government, ______________ taxes, & ______________ the harsh Legalist punishments _______________ Lu ruled after Bang’s death by naming ________________ as emperor Emperor ____________ expanded the empire through ___________ ______________ social structure-emperor, official & scholars at the top, soldiers & slaves at the bottom Established ___________ _______________- positions given based on knowledge of ________________ instead of connections. Only wealthy could afford education. System lasted until ___________. Chinese ________________ conquered _____________ through settlement and intermarriage Achievements ___________ invented in 105 AD ___________ _____________-allowed horses to pull heavier loads 2 blade ______________ ____________________ Water ___________ to _____________ grain ____________ monopoly Han Dynasty interrupted by peasant ______________ due to ______________ the poor & ______________ of land among all sons upon death of the father Tang & Song Dynasties 2 _______________ was the most ________________ & _________________ country in the world at this time. _____________ Dynasty 581-618 AD—completed the ____________ _____________ between the Huang He & the Chiang Jiang Rivers, linking the agricultural south to the urban north __________ Dynasty _________________ AD—expanded the empire & built up the infrastructure (____________ & ____________) and revived the __________ ___________ exams, fell to _________________ Empress ______ 625-705—the ___________ ___________ to ever claim the title emperor & _____________ China ______________ Dynasty _____________ AD—maintained the power and status of China as the world power through _________________, southern China grew rich with international trade Achievements ______________ type- made printed materials cheaper _________________-allowed for many new weapons _____________-still used today (“china” dishes) ________________clock-still used today __________________ money-still used today ___________________ compass-quickly spread to the West Fast growing ____________________-two harvests a year (doubled) Poetry- Li Bo & Tu Fu Art- strong Daoist influence Social Structure—aristocrats_____________ power to the gentry who maintained status through ____________________, an urban middle class emerged, peasants still worked for rich land owners Women’s status ______________, upper class girls had ___________ bound, effectively _______________ them and made them status symbols for husbands & families Mongol Empire The _____________________ were nomadic _____________________ Temujin united the Mongols around 1200 AD, he was named ___________________ Khan or universal ruler in 1206 after defeating all of his enemies Ghengis ____________________ using a well _________________ army, brilliant _________________ and cruelty to __________________ his enemies 3 The Mongols ______________________ the land from _______________ to _______________ within 50 years of Ghengis Khan’s death in 1227, the ________________ land _________________ in history Empire ________________ into 4 _________________________, China, Central Asia, Persia, and the Golden Horde (Russia) Many areas never ____________________ due to lost population and/or destruction The Mongols did not ____________ their __________________ or __________________on conquered peoples The _____________ & _________________ brought by the empire is known as the ___________ _______________________ (1200s-1300s), travelers, missionaries & merchants could travel throughout Eurasia which fostered cultural diffusion ______________ Khan, grandson of Ghengis Khan, conquered ________________ in 1279 and started the Yuan Dynasty United all of China for first time in _________________ years, considered one of the greatest emperors __________________ China to more foreign trade Built capital at _________________________, the present day capital Failed to ____________________ Japan due to a typhoon that destroyed the largest sea invasion until WWII, the typhoon was called a kamikaze or divine wind by the Japanese Venetian trader ______________ _______________ served in Kublai Khan’s court and published an account of his travels when he returned to Europe around 1300 Mongol Empire _________________ after Kublai Khan’s death and was ____________________ by the ____________ in 1368 The Persian Khanate lost power in the 1330s, the Central Asian Khanate in the 1370s and Ivan the III freed Russia from the Mongols in 1480 Feudal Japan Japan’s _______________ allowed it to be _______________ by _____________ but _______________________ from complete domination by its stronger neighbor Japan is an ________________, group of _________________, with _____________ natural ______________________ The ancient _________________ of Japan combined to form the ________________ religion which focuses on respect for nature and ancestors 4 The ________________ family took control of Japan in the _____________ and began ruling as emperors ________________ also spread to _______________ from China in the ______________ The Japanese emperor sent people to China to learn and bring the ideas back, like Chinese __________________________ and ______________________ The cultural exchange __________________ in the 800s The ________________ period, ________________________, was a _______________ age of Japanese culture Life in the royal court was dominated by complex rituals, careful manners, and an appreciation of art Land owners began to gain _____________ as the power of the emperor declined Land owners hired private armies that developed into the _______________that followed a strict code of honor called _______________ A civil war in the________ century ended with the emperor naming a _______________ to ________________ the samurai The Shogun, Samurai, and a kamakazi (divine wind) defended Japan against the Mongol invasion in the 13th century The ___________________ Shogunate controlled Japan from _________________________ Southeast Asia A ___________________________ of trade, influenced by ___________& ___________ _______________ Empire ruled over present day Cambodia, peaked around 1200 AD, built _____________ ___________, the largest sacred building in the world, a temple to the Hindu god _______________ __________________ islands were home to the ________________Dynasty that prospered through international trade ________________ broke away from China and established an ________________ kingdom _________________ also established an independent kingdom but was strongly influenced by China The ________________ Dynasty was _________________ after the ________________government including civil service but the social structure was ____________________ by ___________________ land owners Koryu culture is known for the _________________ porcelain (a milky green pottery) and blocks carved to print ____________________ scriptures 5 The __________________ Dynasty overthrew the Koryu after the Mongol threats had weakened it 6