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THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Your astronomical address:
Canyon Crest Elementary School
Provo, Utah, USA
Earth
The Solar System
Milky Way Galaxy
The Universe
SATELLITES
•The Moon is a satellite of
the Earth.
•The Earth, the planets,
asteroids and comets are
satellites of the Sun.
Astronomical vocabulary:
asteroid, celestial object, comet, galaxy,
planet, satellite, star, distance, force,
gravity, gravitational force, mass, scale,
solar system, constellation, Milky Way
galaxy, speed of light, telescope,
universe, sun, light years, earth’s tilt, axis
of rotation, orbit, phases of the moon
Measuring in Space
The speed of light: 186,000 miles / second
Light year: The distance light travels in one year
Sixth Grade Science, Canyon Crest Elementary, Provo, Utah
Study Guide
Hints for Understanding and Studying Science:
•
•
Astronomical unit (AU): The distance between
the Sun and the Earth.
SCALE: In
this drawing,
the size of
the planets
is drawn to
scale. The
LOCATION
of the
planets is
not to scale.
ing
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The S re billions o galaxies in
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There
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It ta
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the Su
A telescope is an
instrument for viewing
very distant objects.
•
•
Science is about observing and exploring.
Scientists learn by making a hypothesis (an educated guess)
and by testing their hypothesis. It’s okay for a hypothesis to be
wrong. We learn by testing and proving (or disproving) our
ideas.
Scientists work together to obtain and share information. They
also help each other test their ideas.
Scientists use facts supported by data to arrive at conclusions.
Add more notes here:
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The Five Kingdoms
* The Animal Kingdom (Kingdom Animalia) (* No microbes)
* The Plant Kingdom (Kingdom Plantae) (* No microbes)
The Protist Kingdom (Kingdom Protista)
-Some are microbes, live in water,
The Fungi Kingdom (Kingdom Fungi)
-Some are microbes. All are decomposers that break-down dead matter.
The Moneran Kingdom (Kingdom Monera)
-ALL are microbes, ALL are bacteria, the smallest microbes there are.
Traits of Various Microbes:
cilia- small, hair-like structures used for movement and feeding.
flagellum- a (usually) single whip-like structure used for movement and feeding
chloroplast- an organelle that contains the chemical chlorophyll. This is where
photosynthesis (making food from sunlight) takes place.
Needs of Microogranisms
All microbes (like all living things) require food, water, oxygen or carbon dioxide, a
means of disposing waste, suitable environmental temperature, and reproduction
abilities.
ts are
Protis ND plants
,A
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Heat is energy. Energy is movement.
Heat is the movement (vibration) of molecules in matter.
When molecules vibrate faster, heat is increased.
The difference between heat and temperature:
•Heat is the total amount of energy in an object.
•Temperature is a measure of how fast molecules are moving.
Example: The water in a thimble and the water in a big pot are very hot, and are the
same temperature. (Their molecules are moving at the same speed.) The pot, however,
has much more heat. It gives off more heat energy than the thimble, and takes much
more heat energy to heat (and boil) the water.
Transfer of Heat
•conduction- transfer of heat by touching molecules.
•convection- transfer of heat by traveling molecules.
•radiation- transfer of heat by waves of heat energy.
Do you need to observe ...
protists? Grab some
pondwater and a microscope!
fungi? Grow a culture on
some bread, cheese, or other
moist food!
monerans? Grow a culture
on some agar in a petri dish!
Important
fact to kno
w
:
Sound requ
ires a
medium (m
olecules of
matter) to tr
avel ...
Light does
not!
SOUNDconduction- transfer of heat by touching molecules.
convection- transfer of heat by traveling molecules.
radiation- transfer of heat by waves of heat energy.
absorption- sound is absorbed by soft or textured materials like carpet, a
pillow, etc.
What determines
what
SOUND
AMPLITUDE
volume
WAVELENGTH
/ FREQUENCY
Microbe Vocab
algae, fungi,
microorganism,
decomposer, singlecelled, bacteria,
protozoan, culture
Heat,
Light and Sound
HEAT
pitch
LIGHT
amplitude
Microorganisms
wavelength
brightness
frequency: how often a
cycle repeats, or how
color
often a wave passes by.
(Example: 200 hertz, or
200 cycles per second)
High frequency, short wavelength
LIGHT
conduction- transfer of heat by touching molecules.
convection- transfer of heat by traveling molecules.
radiation- transfer of heat by waves of heat energy.
reflection- light waves being bounced by an object Low frequency, long wavelength
refraction- light waves being bent by an object (i.e. glass)
transparent- an object that lets light through freely
opaque- an object that blocks light completely
translucent- an object that partially blocks light How sound waves “look” really
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
How we can depict sound waves
with a diagram