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Transcript
2. Flowers and seeds Looking at Flowers Colour these different flower shapes s t _ _ _ _ W4 p _ _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ Use these words: sepal petal stamen draw a picture of your favourite flower cut and paste Pollen is made here. It is needed to make seeds. Bright colours attract insects. Insects carry pollen to other plants. Sepals protect the petals before the flower opens. Flower Investigation W5 In the classroom, make a prediction linking flower shape with flower colour. Then carry out a survey to test your prediction and record your results in the table below. In the ‘My prediction’ column below, write what you think the colour of the flower will be e.g. flowers with 4 petals will be yellow, and so on. Then look at the different flowers, count the petals, and tick below what colour the flower is. SHAPE My prediction COLOUR Yellow Pink White Blue Red Other 4 petals 5 petals bell daisy pea umbrella Do your results support your prediction? Do you think the shape or colour of a flower makes a difference to what sort of insects visit the flowers? Flower Service Station W6 Date: Weather: Find a flower, or a group of flowers of the same species (type). Draw your flower in the box on the right and find out its name. Sit quietly for 10 minutes watching for insects and other minibeasts. How many seconds does each visitor stay? What is each visitor doing? Is it feeding, collecting nectar, or just resting? Write your observations in the chart below. Minibeast (name, sketch or description) Name of flower: What was it doing? How long did it stay? W6 Continued Answer these questions before leaving your flower . 1. How many minibeasts visited your flowers? bees flies butterflies/moths spiders caterpillars beetles (inc. ladybirds) others 2. What creature visited most? 3. What colour is your flower? 4. How tall is your plant? _________ cm TOTAL = Seeds and seed dispersal W7 Using the information sheet I1, tick any seeds you can find, and draw a line to connect them with their method of dispersal. Method of dispersal Blown by the wind look for parachutes or wings seed Carried away by passing animals look for hooks and barbs Catapulted out by the plant look for pea-shaped seeds Collected and stored or buried by animals look for nut-like seeds Eaten by animals and spread via their droppings look for juicy fruits Going to seed W8 Where do seeds come from? Colour this ‘inside a flower’ picture. Cut around the shape and fold it along the dotted line. Colour the back to make it look like flower petals. Now you have a flower that opens to show the seeds inside. Flower identification ID3 sheet Use this sheet to help you identify flowers that you may find during your visit bluebell daisy vetch dandelion cow parsley violet poppy herb robert buttercup wood anemone black knapweed yellow archangel medick foxglove primrose rosebay willowherb I1 Seeds and dispersal Most plants produce large numbers of seeds to ensure that at least some land in an area suitable for germination and to allow for the fact that many will also succumb to disease, be eaten or trampled. In most cases relatively few will get to the stage of producing seeds themselves. Dispersal • Seeds are contained in fruits and it is the type of fruit that largely determines the dispersal method. The fruit may take various forms including berries, pods and nuts. • Berries have a juicy flesh to tempt animals to eat them. The seed passes through the animal unharmed. • Nuts may be eaten or buried by squirrels and small mammals. Some of these buried nuts are never retrieved by the owners and so get to germinate! • Winged fruits take advantage of air currents to carry them away from the parent plant. • Those with hooks manage to attach themselves to the fur of animals. • Plants such as broom have pods that ‘explode’ once ripe, shooting the seeds some distance, while poppies ‘shake’ their seeds out while swaying in the wind. Nuts: collected and stored or buried by animals, e.g. hazel, beech, chestnut, oak Berries: eaten by animals and spread via droppings, e.g. ivy, hawthorn, bramble Some examples of methods of seed dispersal Seeds in a pod which are catapulted out: e.g. broom, vetch species Seeds that use air currents: e.g. parachutes - willowherb, old man’s beard, dandelion, willow wings - sycamore, ash, field maple Seeds with hooks and barbs that cling to passing animals: e.g. cleavers, herb bennet seed I2 Pollination The illustration below shows a generalised flower with the reproductive parts exposed Petals The male part of the flower. Pollen is made inside the anther at the end of the filament. In wind pollinated plants the filaments are long to allow the wind to blow the pollen away. } Insect pollinated flowers have bright colours to attract insects. The pollen then sticks to the insects. Stamen anther style { stigma filament Nectary Found in insectpollinated plants. The nectary produces the sweet nectar made specifically to attract insects. Carpal The female part of the flower. Pollen lands on the stigma via insects or wind. From here the pollen grain grows a fine tube down through the style to the ovary where it meets the ovule (egg). Ovary Here the pollen fertilises the ovule creating a viable seed. The seeds are then dispersed for germination into new plants. Flower Frieze F13 Flowers are beautiful to look at close up. Flowers are also beautiful when there are lots together. You can use this sheet to make a frieze ( a long strip ) of flowers. 1. Don’t cut along the dotted lines ! 2. Cut along the thick lines down the middle of the page and at the ends of the frieze. 3. Fold along the dotted lines in a zig-zag with the flower at the top. 4. Now cut around your flower very carefully – don’t cut round the petals, leaves or grass where the folds are. 5. Finish by colouring the flowers