Download Science Grade (Unit 6)

Gland PowerPoint Presentation Points
The information under each gland must be covered
in the PowerPoint because questions about
each point will be on quizzes and the final.
Hypothalamus:
1. What part of the brain is the hypothalamus specifically located?
(Give is the scientific name of the brain region it is found in)
2. What is the hypophyseal portal vein,
what is its purpose and where does it lead?
3. How is the Hypothalamus located and
aligned in relation to the pituitary?
4. What are circadian rhythms and
how are they related to homeostasis?
5. What is gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH),
what is its purpose, and what hormones in the ovaries
does it cause to be secreted?
6. What are neurohormones?
7. What is CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)?
8. What is ACTH or corticotrophin and
what does it primarily affects and cause?
9. What is PRF (prolactin-releasing factor)?
Anterior Pituitary
1. What body functions is growth hormone involved in directly?
2. Egg development and sperm production
are both controlled by what hormone?
3. What is gigantism, dwarfism, and acromegaly and
what hormone is involved in their development?
4. What are the true names of the hormones that
are abbreviated GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, and ACTH?
5. Release of eggs from the ovaries
is controlled by what hormone?
6. Which glands does the anterior
pituitary have direct control over?
7. Bone, muscle, and adipose tissue is
most directly affected by what hormone?
8. What hormone does the anterior pituitary
make that controls thyroid function?
Posterior Pituitary
1. What is a diuretic? Antidiuretic?
2. What are neuroglial cells?
3. What do ADH and OT (or OXT) stand for?
4. ADH causes the _____ to reduce ______
excretion, thus decreasing _____ volume.
5. What is the hypothalamus monitoring
to cause the posterior pituitary to release ADH?
6. What are the main two physiological changes oxytocin causes?
7. Oxytocin and prolactin work together
to cause what body function in women?
8. Why does drinking ethyl alcohol
(beer, tequila, etc.) cause dehydration?
Thyroid
1. Where is the thyroid is located?
2. What element is essential to produce T3 and T4?
3. Calcitonin is important for the bones to maintain
the correct balance of what two critical salts?
4. Increases in carbohydrate metabolism and
protein synthesis is dependent on what hormone?
5. What are Graves disease, goiter, cretinism, and myxedema?
What are their symptoms? What are their treatments?
6. What is triiodothyronine and what does it do?
7. How much more potent is triiodothyronine than thyroxine?
Parathyroids/Thymus/Pineal
1. What is the primary job of the thymus?
2. The thymus is located on top of the _____ under the _____.
3. There are generally _____ parathyroid glands
located on the _____ of the thyroid.
4. The parathyroid is made of what two types of cells?
5. Parathyroid hormone is primarily involved
with the control of what element in the blood?
6. Where is the pineal gland is located?
7. What is melatonin is responsible for controlling?
8. What stimulates melatonin production, and what inhibits it?
9. What is serotonin and what is it responsible for controlling?
Adrenals
1. What effect do epinephrine (adrenaline) and
norepinephrine (noradrenaline) have on the body?
2. What purpose does aldosterone serve?
3. What hormones do the adrenal cortex and medulla make?
4. What are juxtaglomerular cells?
5. Describe the rennin – angiotensinogen - angiotensin I –
angiotensin II relationship and what happens where.
6. What are the many functions of cortisol
that make it so important to the body?
7. What are adrenal androgens?
8. What does gonad mean?
Pancreas
1. What does exocrine and endocrine mean
and how does the pancreas fit both terms?
2. What hormone is responsible for causing
the liver to break glycogen down into glucose?
3. What hormone is responsible for causing
the liver to store glucose as glycogen?
4. What are the characteristics, symptoms, problems caused,
age of onset, and treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
5. Which cells in the pancreatic islets
produce insulin and amylin?
6. Which cells in the pancreatic islets produce glucagon?
7. What are alpha, beta, delta, and PP cells?
8. What do somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide
affect and why are they prostaglandins?
Ovaries
1. What is the exocrine-like function of the ovaries?
2. In both sexes, what are the functions
and targets of estrogen? Progesterone?
3. What is menopause and what are
its symptoms and treatments?
4. What is ovarian cancer, how deadly
is it to women in terms of other
cancers; and what are its causes, symptoms and treatments?
5. Know what the other parts of the female reproductive system
are such as fallopian tubes, uterus, ovarian ligaments, etc,
and where these structures are in relation to the ovaries.
6. What does ovulation mean?
7. What is an ovarian follicle?
8. What are the naturally occurring
forms of estrogen made by the body?
9. What are theca or thecal cells?
Testes
1. In what structure are the testes contained within?
2. Why must the testes be outside of the body core.
3. What pituitary hormones stimulate the testes?
4. What is an androgen?
5. What is an anabolic steroid, what tissues do
they primarily target, and what side effects do
they cause when people use them incorrectly?
6. What are Leydig and Sertoli cells?
7. What does spermatogenesis mean?