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Chapter 11 Review The Endocrine System I. II. III. IV. Introduction (p. 290) 1. What is a hormone? 2. What is the primary difference between an endocrine and exocrine an gland. Give one example of each. Hormone Action (pp. 291-294) 1. The specific site of a hormone’s action is called its __________________________. 2. What are prostaglandins (PGs)? Control of Hormonal Secretions (p. 294) 1. If a hormone is controlled by a ____________________ feedback loop, then the secretions will be altered to reflect the opposite. 2. If a hormone is controlled by a ____________________ feedback loop, then the secretions will be amplified to continue. 3. What is the other primary body system that works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis? Pituitary Gland (pp. 295-299) 1. The pituitary gland is made of a ____________________, anterior lobe and a ___________________, posterior lobe. 2. The pituitary gland is located in the __________________ cavity. 3. Another name for the pituitary is the ________________ or “______________” gland. 4. The pituitary gland responds to secretions that it receives from the ________________. 5. Complete the table of pituitary gland hormones. Abbreviation ANTERIOR Pituitary Hormone (7) Function/Target Human Growth hormone Prolactin Thyroid Stimulating hormone* Luteinizing hormone* Adrenocorticotropic hormone* Follicle stimulating hormone* POSTERIOR Pituitary Hormone (2) Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin *denotes a _________________ hormone which will control other endocrine glands. 5. Complete the table of pituitary disorders. Disorder Name Acromegaly Gigantism Dwarfism Diabetes insipidus Hormone Abbrev. Hyper- or Hyposecretion V. VI. VII. Thyroid Gland (pp. 299-301) 1. The thyroid gland is located in the neck just below the ____________________. 2. What element is needed to synthesize thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)? 3. What is the function of T3 and T4? 4. What is the third thyroid hormone? 5. Complete the table of thyroid disorders. Disorder Name Hormone Name Hyper- or Hyposecretion Cretinism Myxedema Graves disease Goiter Iodine Parathyroid Glands (pp. 301-302) 1. The parathyroid glands are located on each lobe of the ________________ gland. 2. The hormone that the parathyroid gland secretes is ________ and controls the increase in blood calcium levels. 3. PTH and ________________ are antagonistic hormones = they have opposite effects. Adrenal Glands (pp. 302-304) 1. The adrenal gland is made of an outer region called the ___________________ and in inner core called the ______________________. 2. Where are the adrenal glands located? 3. Complete the table of adrenal gland hormones. ADRENAL Hormone Region of Adrenal Category Function Epinephrine ----------------Norepinephrine ----------------Aldosterone Cortisol Androgens 4. Complete the table of adrenal disorders. VIII. Disorder Name Hormone Hyper- or Hyposecretion Cushings syndrome Addisons disease Pancreas (pp. 304-307) 1. Where is the pancreas located? 2. The endocrine portion of the pancreas are the _________________________________. 3. The pancreas secretes _______________________ to raise blood sugar. It also secretes ______________________ to lower blood sugar. 4. Glucagon and _____________ are antagonistic hormones = they have opposite effects. 5. Complete the table of pancreatic disorders. IX. X. Disorder Name Hormone Name Hyper- or Hyposecretion Diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Other Endocrine Glands (pp. 307-308) 1. Where is the pineal gland located? 2. The pineal gland secretes ___________________________ to control circadian rhythms. 3. Where is the thymus gland located? 4. The thymus gland secretes _____________ to assist in the childhood immune response. Gonads 1. The female gonad is the ___________________________ and secretes estrogen and _________________________________, which is the hormone of pregnancy. 2. Where are the ovaries located? 3. The male gonad is the _______________________ and secretes testosterone. 4. Where are the testes located? UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS. 1. In order for your body to properly metabolize the nutrients from a meal: ______ from the hypothalamus _______ from the anterior pituitary ___ & ___ from the thyroid 2. When puberty initiates, in order to develop secondary sex characteristics: _____ from the hypothalamus ______ from the anterior pituitary ____________ from the ovary (in females) OR __________________ from the testes( in males). 3. In order to grow to your full height: _____ from the hypothalamus _____ from the anterior pituitary _________________ of the bones 4. In order to prevent chronic dehydration that could lead to diabetes insipidus: ______ from the hypothalamus _____ from the posterior pituitary tubules of the ______________ The endocrine system works as a series of chemical reactions (like the domino effect) that will ultimately deliver the proper hormone to its _________________ cell/tissue/organ in order for the body to maintain ______________________.