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Describe the functions of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small v and large intestines, pancreas and liver. Explain the role of the muscular wall of the alimentary canal in peristalsis. Describe the role of digestive enzymes including carbohydrases such as amylase, proteases such as pepsin and lipase. Identify the organs of the digestive system. Extend this diagram to show how peristalsis works. Label the area of contraction and relaxation on each diagram. The table shows some of the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch, protein and fat, in three parts of the digestive system. part of digestive system 1 . Higher: Describe the function of the gall bladder. The function of the gall bladder is to A make bile B make lipase C store bile D store lipase Into which organ does the gall bladder secrete the substance that it makes? .......................................................................................................................... Evaluate the evidence for the claimed benefits of functional foods as a part of a healthy diet including probiotics (such as Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus), prebiotic oligosaccharides and plant stanol esters. Complete the diagram by filling in the boxes to identify probiotics and prebiotics, Foods such as tomatoes, onions and asparagus contain oligosaccharides, a common form of prebiotic. Explain how eating oligosaccharides can be beneficial to health. 2 . The digestive system, breaking down food, villi, probiotics and prebiotics products of digestion starch P simple sugars protein R molecule W fat S molecules Y and Z small intestine starch Q simple sugars Complete the sentences by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Enzyme Q is produced by the A large intestine B liver C oesophagus D pancreas Molecules Y and Z are A fatty acids and glucose B fatty acids and glycerol C lactic acid and glucose D lactic acid and glycerol The graph shows how pH affects the rate of the reaction catalysed by enzyme R. Explain how lipase and bile work together to allow fats to be digested. ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... Explain how bile is able to neutralise stomach acid and give two advantages of this. Name enzyme R. ........................................................... The rate of reaction can be determined by measuring how quickly molecule W is formed. Name molecule W. ........................................................... Calculate the difference in the rate of the reaction between pH 1 and pH 2. Suggest why this enzyme works better at pH 1 than at pH 2. ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... .......................................................... Identify enzymes P and Q. ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ........... Explain how the structure of the villi (large surface area, single layer of cells and capillary network) allows efficient absorption of the soluble products of digestion. The images on the left show cross sections of the villi of a Which type of blood vessel is on the inside of the villi? healthy person and the villi of someone suffering from A coeliac disease. ...................................................................................................................... Which diagram shows healthy villi? .......................................................................................... B ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... enzyme mouth stomach Describe the role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying fats. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... describe the relationship between plant stanol esters and cholesterol. 3 . substance digested Explain how the flow of blood helps to keep food molecules passing through the walls of the small intestine. ....................................................................................................................... Suggest how absorption of food would be affected in the ....................................................................................................................... person suffering from coeliac disease. Explain your answer. ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................
