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Science Grade 4 Unit 1 – Healthy Habitats What is a habitat Habitat - The place where an animal or a plant normally lives or grows and that provides them with everything they need to survive. Habitat A habitat is a plant or animal's home. A habitat meets an animals needs: food, shelter, a place to raise young, and safety from predators. Habitats Magic School bus - Habitats What makes a habitat healthy for plants and animals? Shelter – beaver house, nest and ant hill Food Other animals Plants Water What makes a habitat healthy for plants and animals? Air – Both plants and animals need air in order to live Animals – Oxygen Plants – Carbon Dioxide Sunlight – Gives us the food we need in order to live. Different Habitats and the animals found there. Different Animal for Different Habitats Animals and plants are suited to the habitat in which they live. This is known as adaptation. All organisms are adapted to the habitat in which they live. Adaptations are used for: Getting food Getting Water Getting oxygen Survive in a type of climate Protection from predators Reproduce How are animals suited to the conditions of their habitat? Rabbits Squirrel Robins Polar Bears Mussels Cactus All animals have some type of adaptations which make them able to survive in their habitat. The adaptations can be: Physical (thing that they have on their body, external features. Sharp teeth Webbed feet Layer of fat Very Long Necks Behavioral (Way an animal acts, instinct) Migrate – Birds fly south during the winter to avoid long cold winters. Broken wing trick – Some birds pretend to have a broken wing to lead other dangerous animals away from their nests. Gather nuts for winter How is the seal adapted to its environment? Streamlined shape. Forwardfacing eyes for clear vision ahead. Strong teeth to catch fish. Hind legs have evolved into a a strong rudderlike tail. Flippers to help it swim. Thick layer of body fat to keep it warm. Adaptations are used for Complete the assignment on adaptations of different animals in different habitats. Previous Assignment Arctic Fish Produces an antifreeze which allows it to survive in below freezing waters. Thin blood that won’t become thick in the colder temperatures. Angler Fish Shiny antennae like feature which hangs from its head and attracts smaller animals. Teeth are angled in serving as a trap for unsuspecting prey fish. Viper Fish Large eyes to gather the light available Has light organs which give off light and attracts prey animals. Adaptation Video Refer to page 8 Science Lab Activity Population A group of organisms (living things), of the same species (same type) living in an area. A group of trout living in a pond is an example of a population. Community A group of organisms of different types living in an area. Questions What are two populations of organisms you would find in a shoreline environment? What are two population of plants and animal you would find in a forest environment? What are two populations of organism you would likely find in or around the pond on a field trip? Humans affect on the environment Humans often have negative effects on the environment. The release of oil from ships at sea results in the death of millions of seabirds each year. Loss of animal habitat results in many species of animals becoming extinct. Seabird No Second Chances Video and Silent Disaster Video Two short videos that discuss the effects of bilge pumping on seabird off the coast of Newfoundland. http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/boas/videos_e.html Polar Bear – A Threatened Species A video about the loss of polar bear habitat due to global warming http://archives.cbc.ca/science_technology/natur al_science/clips/17068/ Your Impact on the Environment We all have important decisions to make about how we treat the environment. Care for the environment starts with us. Your Impact on the Environment Should we drive across bogs on four wheelers? Should we use plastic bags instead of reusable bags? Should we litter? Good News Story Sudbury – Page 33 in Text http://www.cbc.ca/clips/rm-hi/mackinnonsudbury070312.rm All living things need food All living things (organisms) need food (nourishment) to live. Living things in an ecosystem depend on each other for food. Producers Plants are living organisms. They need nourishment to survive. But… Plants do not eat other plants or animals. Plants are called producers, because they make their own food inside themselves. Consumers “Consume” means “eat”. Animals are consumers because they “eat” (consume) food provided by plants or other animals. Herbivores Some animals do not eat other animals. They survive on plants and are known as “herbivores”. Carnivores Some animals, like the kingfisher, eat only other animals. These animals are called “carnivores”. Omnivores Some animals, like us, eat both plants and animals. These animals are called “omnivores”. Predator A predator eats other animals. Cats eat fish. So do bears! Predator The cat is a predator, because it eats other animals. The bear is a predator, because it eats other animals. People are predators too! Prey Any animal which is hunted and killed by another animal for food is prey. Predator Prey Match the predator to its prey. Predators and Prey Some animals are predators, some are prey - some are both. The predator eats the prey, and the prey gets eaten by the predator. Food Chain A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food. Some animals eat plants and some animals eat other animals. Food Chains A food chain shows which animals eat other animals or plants. Plants don’t eat things. A food chain show what gets eaten and the arrows point towards what does the eating. Food chains only go in one direction. The arrows indicate the direction Food Chain A food chain start with the sun. The sun provides energy for plants to grow Food Chains A food chain start with the sun. The sun provides energy for plants to grow The sun provides the energy for the lettuce to growt. Food Chains A food chain shows what is eaten. The lettuce is eaten by the rabbit. Food Chains A food chain shows what is eaten. The fly is eaten by the bird. Plant are next in a food chain The Sun provides the energy for the lettuce to grow. The lettuce is eaten by the slug, the slug is eaten by the bird. Where do the arrows point? The top of the food chain. Some animals are said to be at the top of the food chain. This is because they are not hunted by other animals. No other animal hunts the lion. The lion is at the top of the food chain. Can you think why? Decomposer When plants and animals die, they become food for decomposers like bacteria, fungi and earthworms. Decomposers recycle dead plants and animals into chemical nutrients like carbon and nitrogen that are released back into the soil, air and water. Food Chain Game Food Webs FOOD WEBS show how plants and animals are connected in many ways to help them all survive. FOOD CHAINS follow just one path as animals find food. Food Webs Food Web Questions How does removing an animal or plant impact the entire food web? How do introducing an animal into a population impact the entire food web? Question 1 When an animal species becomes extinct or is removed from an area, this not only affects that species or animal but will directly and indirectly impact many other plants and animals. For example if the black bear is removed the moose population will increase (direct impact) and the tree population will decrease because of large moose populations (indirect impact) Question 2 This can be very difficult to determine, however, often times animals that have been introduced, will outcompete a species that already exists or will feed on an existing species and may result in the extinction of a species native to the area. Squirrel – Outcompeted the Crossbill Coyote – Caribou Plant Growth Some plants are used for a food source and for this reason humans are always looking to increase the growth of these plants. Fertilizers – speeds rate growth Herbicides sprays – Used to kill weeds that choke plant. Pesticides Sprays – Used to kill animals that eat plants. Composting – A source of natural fertilizer Photosynthesis What is photosynthesis? Process plants use to make their own food Plants’ leaves contain chlorophyll Chlorophyll (green color) makes photosynthesis possible The chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight. The sunlight is combined with water, Carbon Dioxide and nutrients from the soil. CO2 The chlorophyll processes the ingredients and makes sugar (plant food) and oxygen. Sugar + Air O2 Plants and animals need each other to survive. Animals including humans make the CO2 (carbon dioxide) plants need. They (the plants) make the O2 (oxygen) and food we need.