Download Food Chains

Science Grade 4
Unit 1 – Healthy Habitats
What is a habitat
 Habitat - The place where an animal or a
plant normally lives or grows and that
provides them with everything they need
to survive.
Habitat
 A habitat is a plant or animal's home.
 A habitat meets an animals needs: food,
shelter, a place to raise young, and
safety from predators.
Habitats
 Magic School bus - Habitats
What makes a habitat healthy for plants
and animals?
 Shelter – beaver house, nest and ant hill
 Food
 Other animals
 Plants
 Water
What makes a habitat healthy for plants
and animals?
 Air – Both plants and animals need air in
order to live
 Animals – Oxygen
 Plants – Carbon Dioxide
 Sunlight – Gives us the food we need in
order to live.
Different Habitats and the
animals found there.
Different Animal for Different
Habitats
 Animals and plants are suited to the habitat in which
they live. This is known as adaptation. All organisms
are adapted to the habitat in which they live.
 Adaptations are used for:
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Getting food
Getting Water
Getting oxygen
Survive in a type of climate
Protection from predators
Reproduce
How are animals suited to
the conditions of their
habitat?
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Rabbits
Squirrel
Robins
Polar Bears
Mussels
Cactus
 All animals have some type of adaptations
which make them able to survive in their
habitat. The adaptations can be:
 Physical (thing that they have on their body,
external features.
 Sharp teeth
 Webbed feet
 Layer of fat
 Very Long Necks
 Behavioral (Way an animal acts, instinct)
 Migrate – Birds fly south during the winter to avoid
long cold winters.
 Broken wing trick – Some birds pretend to have a
broken wing to lead other dangerous animals away
from their nests.
 Gather nuts for winter
How is the seal adapted to
its environment?
Streamlined
shape.
Forwardfacing eyes for
clear vision
ahead.
Strong teeth
to catch fish.
Hind legs have
evolved into a a
strong rudderlike tail.
Flippers to
help it swim.
Thick layer of
body fat to
keep it warm.
Adaptations are used for
 Complete the assignment on adaptations
of different animals in different habitats.
Previous Assignment
Arctic Fish
 Produces an antifreeze which allows it to
survive in below freezing waters.
 Thin blood that won’t become thick in the
colder temperatures.
Angler Fish
 Shiny antennae like feature which hangs from
its head and attracts smaller animals.
 Teeth are angled in serving as a trap for
unsuspecting prey fish.
Viper Fish
 Large eyes to gather the light available
 Has light organs which give off light and
attracts prey animals.
Adaptation Video
Refer to page 8
 Science Lab Activity
Population
 A group of organisms (living things), of
the same species (same type) living in an
area.
 A group of trout living in a pond is an
example of a population.
Community
 A group of organisms of different types
living in an area.
Questions
 What are two populations of organisms
you would find in a shoreline
environment?
 What are two population of plants and
animal you would find in a forest
environment?
 What are two populations of organism
you would likely find in or around the
pond on a field trip?
Humans affect on the
environment
 Humans often have negative effects on
the environment. The release of oil from
ships at sea results in the death of millions
of seabirds each year.
 Loss of animal habitat results in many
species of animals becoming extinct.
Seabird
 No Second Chances Video and Silent Disaster
Video
 Two short videos that discuss the effects of
bilge pumping on seabird off the coast of
Newfoundland.
 http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/boas/videos_e.html
Polar Bear – A Threatened Species
 A video about the loss of polar bear habitat
due to global warming
 http://archives.cbc.ca/science_technology/natur
al_science/clips/17068/
Your Impact on the
Environment
 We all have important decisions to make
about how we treat the environment.
 Care for the environment starts with us.
Your Impact on the Environment
 Should we drive across bogs on four
wheelers?
 Should we use plastic bags instead of
reusable bags?
 Should we litter?
Good News Story
 Sudbury – Page 33 in Text
 http://www.cbc.ca/clips/rm-hi/mackinnonsudbury070312.rm
All living things need food
 All living things (organisms) need
food (nourishment) to live.
 Living things in an ecosystem
depend on each other for food.
Producers
 Plants are living organisms. They need
nourishment to survive.
 But…
 Plants do not eat other plants or
animals.
 Plants are called producers, because
they make their own food inside
themselves.
Consumers
 “Consume” means “eat”.
 Animals are consumers because they
“eat” (consume) food provided by
plants or other animals.
Herbivores
Some animals do not eat other animals.
They survive on plants and are known
as “herbivores”.
Carnivores
Some animals, like the kingfisher, eat
only other animals. These animals are
called “carnivores”.
Omnivores
 Some animals, like us, eat both plants
and animals.
 These animals are called “omnivores”.
Predator
A predator eats other animals.
Cats eat fish.
So do bears!
Predator
 The cat is a predator, because it eats
other animals.
 The bear is a predator, because it eats
other animals.
 People are predators too!
Prey
Any animal which is hunted and killed by
another animal for food is prey.
Predator
Prey
Match the predator to its
prey.
Predators and Prey
Some animals are predators, some are prey - some are
both.
The predator eats the prey, and the prey gets eaten
by the predator.
Food Chain
A food chain shows how each living
thing gets its food. Some animals eat
plants and some animals eat other
animals.
Food Chains
 A food chain shows which animals eat
other animals or plants.
 Plants don’t eat things.
 A food chain show what gets eaten and
the arrows point towards what does
the eating.
 Food chains only go in one direction.
The arrows indicate the direction
Food Chain
A food chain start with the sun. The sun
provides energy for plants to grow
Food Chains
A food chain start with the sun. The sun
provides energy for plants to grow
The sun provides the energy for
the lettuce to growt.
Food Chains
A food chain shows what is eaten.
The lettuce is eaten by the
rabbit.
Food Chains
A food chain shows what is eaten.
The fly is eaten by the bird.
Plant are next in a food
chain
The Sun provides the energy for the lettuce to grow.
The lettuce is eaten by the slug, the slug is eaten by the
bird.
Where do the arrows point?
The top of the food chain.
Some animals are said to be at the top of the
food chain. This is because they are not hunted
by other animals.
No other animal hunts the
lion. The lion is at the top of
the food chain. Can you think
why?
Decomposer
 When plants and animals
die, they become food for
decomposers like bacteria,
fungi and earthworms.
Decomposers recycle dead
plants and animals into
chemical nutrients like
carbon and nitrogen that
are released back into the
soil, air and water.
Food Chain Game
Food Webs
 FOOD WEBS show how plants and
animals are connected in many ways
to help them all survive.
 FOOD CHAINS follow just one path as
animals find food.
Food Webs
Food Web
Questions
 How does removing an animal or plant
impact the entire food web?
 How do introducing an animal into a
population impact the entire food web?
Question 1
 When an animal species becomes extinct or is
removed from an area, this not only affects that
species or animal but will directly and indirectly
impact many other plants and animals. For
example if the black bear is removed the
moose population will increase (direct impact)
and the tree population will decrease because
of large moose populations (indirect impact)
Question 2
 This can be very difficult to determine,
however, often times animals that have been
introduced, will outcompete a species that
already exists or will feed on an existing
species and may result in the extinction of a
species native to the area.
 Squirrel – Outcompeted the Crossbill
 Coyote – Caribou
Plant Growth
 Some plants are used for a food source and for
this reason humans are always looking to
increase the growth of these plants.
 Fertilizers – speeds rate growth
 Herbicides sprays – Used to kill weeds that choke
plant.
 Pesticides Sprays – Used to kill animals that eat
plants.
 Composting – A source of natural fertilizer
Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
 Process plants use to make their own
food
 Plants’ leaves contain chlorophyll
 Chlorophyll (green color) makes
photosynthesis possible
The chlorophyll absorbs the
sunlight.
The sunlight is combined with water,
Carbon Dioxide and nutrients from the
soil.
CO2
The chlorophyll processes the
ingredients and makes sugar (plant
food) and oxygen.
Sugar + Air
O2
Plants and animals need
each other to survive.
Animals including humans
make the CO2 (carbon dioxide)
plants need.
They (the plants) make the O2
(oxygen) and food we need.