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_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Reading Guide 18-3 “Mapping the Stars” (Pages 564-571) 1. Advances in astronomy have led to a better understanding of: a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ PATTERNS IN THE SKY 2. People in ancient cultures connected stars in patterns and named sections of the sky based on those patterns. What are those patterns called? ______________________________________________________________ 3. What is the name of the constellation pictured above, and how did the ancient Greeks and Japanese view it differently? See figure 1 on page 564 ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. A constellation is a region of the sky. How many are there? Pg. 565 ________ Sky map of constellations in the Northern Hemisphere in the spring 5. As Earth revolves around the Sun, constellations appear to change location from season to season. Will people in the Northern Hemisphere see different constellations in the Spring as people in the Southern Hemispheres? Explain. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ FINDING STARS IN THE NIGHT SKY 6.An instrument that is used to determine a star or planet’s location is a(n) See Page 566 __________________________________________________ 7.What are three reference points used to describe a star or planet’s position in relation to a person’s position? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8.Some stars located near Earth’s poles can be seen year-round, at all times of night. What are these stars called and why can they be seen year-round? See Page 567 ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ THE SIZE AND SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE 9. A light-year is equal to the distance that light travels in __________________. 10. One light-year is about 9.46 trillion _______________________, which is equal to about 5.9 trillion miles. 11. How far are the farthest objects that we can observe? _________________________ THE DOPPLER EFFECT 12. What is the name of the effect that describes how the pitch of a sound seems higher as it gets closer and lower as it gets farther away? ______________________ 13. When a star or galaxy moves quickly away from an observer, the light it emits appears redder than it usually would, this effect is called _____________________________________________. 14. When a star or galaxy moves quickly toward an observer, the light it emits appears bluer than it usually would, this effect is called _____________________________________________. 15. Edwin Hubble discovered that the light from all galaxies except the Milky Way’s close neighbors are moving apart from each other. Since Edwin Hubble determine that the universe must be expanding, what are they affected by? See Page 570 _______________________________________________ Use the diagram above and what you know about redshift and blueshift to answer the next two questions. 16. Which observer above would see the light from the galaxy affected by redshift? ________________________________________ 17. Which observer above would see the light from the galaxy affected by blueshift? ________________________________________