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1. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one Examples: Definition: - stories that use characters to represent abstract qualities - often teaches religious or moral lessons Examples: - Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne - Lord Of The Flies by William Golding - Moby Dick by Herman Melville - Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri "Animal Farm" by George Orwell The short story “Animal Farm” represents the events leading up to Soviet totalitarianism in Russia by Stalin in a farm setting. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri • Examples: – The Faerie Queene, Edmund Spenser – The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan – The Divine Comedy, Dante – Lord of the Flies, William Golding – Moby Dick, Herman Melville – Animal Farm, George Orwell – ???? is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. • The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy. ???? of the four elements: In The Divine Comedy, Dante, symbolizing humankind, is taken by Virgil the poet on a journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise 2. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: ????? is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words. • ????? refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases. • Ex. 1. Becky’s beagle barked and bayed, becoming bothersome for Billy. 2. Peter’s piglet pranced priggishly Examples: - Sweet smell of success - Bigger the better - A dime a dozen - Jump for joy • The repetition of initial consonant sounds in a series of words The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Examples: • Sam saw a spider sliding down the stairs. • Paul picked plums from Patty’s plum patch. • Example: -Sally sells seashells by the seashore. -Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers 3. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: • An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference - an _______ to Shakespeare • - a classical ___________ • The practice of making such references, esp. as an artistic device • Examples: "I was not born in a manger. I was actually born on Krypton and sent here by my father, Jor-el, to save the Planet Earth." ~ Senator Barrack Obama, speech at a fund-raiser for Catholic charities, October 16, 2008 Barrack Obama makes an ____________ to Superman. She transformed her backyard to look like the Garden of Eden. This is an ____________ to the Bible. His wife was his Achilles' heel. This is an ____________ to mythology and this has a different name know as a mythological ____________ Definition - is a brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art within a work of art. An _________ may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion Examples: 1. Andy Warhol, a 20th-century American artist most famous for his pop-art images of Campbell soup cans and of Marilyn Monroe, commented about the explosion of media coverage by saying, “In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.“ Today, when someone receives a great deal of media attention for something fairly trivial, and he or she is said to be experiencing his or her “15 minutes of fame”, the ????? is to Andy Warhol's famous saying. 2. _______ Martin Luther King, Jr., ________ to the Gettysburg Address in starting his "I Have a Dream" speech by saying 'Five score years ago..."; his hearers were immediately reminded of Abraham Lincoln's "Four score and seven years ago", which opened the Gettysburg Address. King's ????? effectively called up parallels in two historic moments 4. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: • “the adversary of the hero or protagonist of a drama or other literary work” – dictionary.com Examples: • • • • The ????? of the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling is Voldemort (with the exception of The Prisoner of Azkaban) The ????? of the Hound of the Baskervilles is Stapleton. The ????? of the play “Hamlet” could be considered to be Claudius or Hamlet himself The ????? of the book Grendel by John Gardner is the world. http://deathstarpr.blogspot.com/20 11/04/fame-voldemorts-gonnalive-forever.html • A person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something • The ????? in SpiderMan was the Green Goblin. • The ???? in this novel attempted to blow up the town. Definition~ A character who is opposed to good. Adversary. Examples~ ~ Voldemort (from Harry Potter series) ~ Lex Luther (from Superman series) http: //www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.boomtron.com/w p-content/uploads/2010/06/harry-voldemor-deathly-hallows.jpg 5. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung, consisting of simple stanzas and usually having a refrain. Examples: *Oscar Wilde’s “Ballad of Reading Gaol” *Aerosmith’s “Dream On” *Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway to Heaven” *Heart’s “What About Love” Definition: • A poem that tells a story, usually with a musical quality or rhythm and put to music. “Light do I see within my Lady’s eyes And loving spirits in its plenisphere Which bear in strange delight on my heart’s care Till Joy’s awakened from that sepulchre.” from Ballata 5, by Guido Cavalcanti Examples: • • • • a simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed in short stanzas and adapted for singing. Sir Patrick Spens Bonnie Barbara Allen The Rime of Ancient Mariner Definition: Definition-noun- A free verse poem that is usually told orally and set to music. Examples: • Definition: Example 1- The ???? told a story of a young man and a young girl who had met and fell in love, but then were separated when a terrible storm struck. Examples The ???? of the Green Berets by Sgt. Barry Sadler The ???? of Persse O’Reilly by James Joyce The ???? Of A Bachelor by Ellis Parker Butler ???? on the American War by Robert Burns • any light, simple song, especially one of sentimental or romantic character, having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody. Example 2- The man sung the ???? while playing his banjo to give a more upbeat feel to the otherwise grim story. 6. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: A poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter Definition: Verse without rhyme scheme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter • Much of Shakespeare’s plays – “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” as well as other Renaissance plays • Milton’s Paradise Lost • The Ball Poem by John Berryman • Verse without rhyme, esp. that which uses iambic pentameter Example: Romeo and Juliet What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it go Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water! Example: Hamlet Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,To the last syllable of recorded time;And all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!Life's but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stageAnd then is heard no more: it is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing. • unrhymed verse, especially the unrhymed iambic pentameter most frequently used in English dramatic, epic, and reflective verse. • What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it go Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water! • But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East and Juliet is the sun! A-rise fair sun and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That though her maid art far more fair than she "Indeed this counselor / Is now most still, most secret, and most grave, / Who was in life a foolish prating knave” 7. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: • A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds • a discordant and meaningless mixture of sounds • She heard a ???? of hoots, cackles, and wails. • The sound of city traffic during midday is ridiculous. • Definition: Harsh, discordant sounds • Examples: finger of birth-strangled babe. EXCERPT FROM JABBERWOCKY BY LEWIS CARROLL 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. harsh or discordant sound:dissonance; Specifically: harshness in the sound of words or phrases Definition: a harshness of sound. discordant noise Examples: •The sounds of barking dogs and sirens added to the ???? on the streets. • The ???? of a pet store full of animals. Examples: • • • 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe Breakers crashed onto jagged rocks and clawed the sands with brutal strikes, pummeling the beach Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch Definition: A technique in poetry in which using an unpleasant, harsh spoken sound is created by clashing consonants Example: 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. -Lewis Carroll Example: And thou, who didst the stars and sunbeams know,/Selfschool'd,self-scann'd, selfhonor'd, self-secure,/Didst tread on earth unguess'd at. –Matthew Arnold 8. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition the highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something (in a dramatic or literary work) a decisive moment that is of maximum intensity or is a major turning point in a plot. Examples •In the movie 127 hours when he cuts off his arm. •In Toy Story when the toys escape Sid’s house. •In Aladin when Aladin fights Jafar. •In The Patriot when Mel Gibson’s soldiers fight on the front line against Cornwalis. • Definition: Definition: a) the highest point Examples: • The point at which the action in a story reaches its emotional peak The highest level of conflict and drama • • In the ???? to the film "Star Wars," the empire's death star is ready to destroy the rebel base. Luke Skywalker and rebel pilots attack the base, and after the deaths of some rebel pilots, Skywalker successfully fires his missile into the death star's vulnerable spot and destroys the death star, saving the rebel forces. In Grendel, the ????is when Beowulf rips Grendel’s arm off during the fight. The ???? of the book Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is when Harry Potter and Voldermort battle and Voldermort is killed by Harry. b) a figure of speech in which a series of phrases or sentences is arranged in ascending order of rhetorical forcefulness. Reaching the ???? is like reaching the top of a mountain. • Examples: “The ???? of that movie kept me on the edge of my seat because it was filled with so much action!” – this is the high point in the movie and everything leading up to this point. “The man has reaches the ???? of his life as he has traveled around the world and experienced things no one else has.” – this is the high point and the ascending points leading to this point of greatest. 9. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Definition: the repetition of consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of consecutive words that do not rhyme Examples: blank and think, brick and clock Definition: ???? is the repetition, at close intervals, of the final consonants of accented syllables or important words , especially at the ends of words, Examples: A poetic device, repetition of sounds or consonants; • • • “as in guys she gently sways at ease” -"The Silken Tent" by Robert Frost "Rap rejects my tape deck, ejects projectile/Whether Jew or gentile I rank top percentile." - Zealots by the Fugees "And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain." - ”The Raven” by Adgar Alan Poe Totally a picture of ????. Examples • Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow • Litter and batter • Spelled and scald • Laughed and deft 10. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition • a mythical or mythicized character who embodies the aspirations of the society in which the story takes place • He appeals to society because he stands out from traditional beliefs Definition: Examples Ulysses in The Odyssey Beowulf in Beowulf Robin Hood • a mythical or mythicized historical figure who embodies the aspirations or ideals of a society Examples: • • Beowulf has extreme strength and is cocky. Batman is extremely brave and is very humble. • ______ ___ A figure who embodies the ideals of a society • Ex. Superman • Ex. Nelson Mandela 11. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Examples: style of speaking or writing as o in a look until dropped like dependent upon choice of words an egg on the floor let slop, crashed to slide the accent, inflection, and run, yolk yellow intonation, and speech-sound for the live, the dead who quality manifested by an worked through me individual speaker, usually (Wherever You Are, Be Somewhere Else: judged in terms of prevailing Denise Riley) standards of acceptability o Or is it the pentagram Hidden in a bed the conversation of bodies. ????- (noun) the authors choice or words • Definition: Style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words (The prose of walking back to China: Christopher Middleton) • Examples: Grendel uses words that portray gloominess and confusion to provide sympathy for Grendel. Words and Behavior uses complex words to provide knowledgeable feel to the essay. SentenceThe authors true meaning or theme cannot be conveyed without a clear ????. Her ???? while giving her persuasive speech was flawless. 12. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: ????that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. Ex.1: A horror movie is playing all of the sudden creepy music starts playing, the viewers know someone is about to die or discover something horrible but of course the characters can’ can’t hear the music. Ex.2: In Shrek, donkey knows that Fiona and Shrek like each other but only donkey and the audience knows this, Shrek and Fiona have no idea… idea…yet ☺. 13. Literary Term is _______________________________ • ?????? are characters that change throughout the course of a story • Ebenezer Scrooge from “A Christmas Carol” is a ????? • Aladdin from “Aladdin” is a ????? 14. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: – An extended narrative poem recounting actions, travels, adventures, and heroic episodes written in a high style. Definition: - a story that is usually told of a hero and his adventures - it is written in a formal styles Examples: - The Iliad and The Odyssey by Home - Aeneid by Virgil - Paradise Lost by Milton - Beowulf a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds. Examples: The Iliad by Homer This ????? tells of the Trojan Wars the Greeks fought and of the hero Achilles. The Iliad is thousands of years old and has over 15,000 lines. • Protagonist is heroically larger than life • The deeds of the hero are presented without favoritism • The action (in battle) reveals the more-than-human strength of the heroes • The gods and lesser divinities play an active role in the outcome • All of the various adventures relate in some way to the central theme Examples: The Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient poem who has no specific author from ancient Mesopotamia. •Iliad, Homer •Odyssey, Homer •Aeneid, Virgil •Jerusalem Delivered, Tasso •Paradise Lost, Milton •Beowulf Typical set of conventions. Among them are these: •Poem begins with a statement of the theme •Invocation to the muse or other •Story begins in medias res •Catalogs (of participants on each side, ships, sacrifices) •Histories and descriptions of significant items (who made a sword or shield, how it was decorated, who owned it from generation to generation) •Epic simile (a long simile where the image becomes an object of art in its own right as well as serving to clarify the subject). •Frequent use of epithets •Use of patronymics (calling son by father's name) •Long, formal speeches by important characters •Journey to the underworld •Use of the number three (attempts are made three times, etc.) •Previous episodes in the story are later recounted 15. Literary Term is _______________________________ Peter Volpone ____________: A persuasive argument appealing to ethics EXAMPLES: “If you support the army, you support your country – please donate $5 to the army.” “You wouldn't kill an animal would you? Then why do you litter? Littering is the same as killing animals, STOP LITTERING TODAY!!!” Definition: • A type of rhetoric based on the ethics and morals of the speaker used to persuade others. Examples: • • Join the military if you want to be a proud citizen of your country -Some would feel obligated to do something for their country after seeing this, because of their morals. Sponsor a child in Africa to make steps towards a better life for them -Ethics and morals of many people would be put into play by this advertisement. • Persuading someone based on the character of the speaker Ex. If Oprah Winfrey talks about a book she likes, many women will also want to read the book because they like Oprah. 16. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition Examples • a type of language that varies from the norms of literal language, in which words mean exactly what they say. Also known as the "ornaments of language," ?????? does not mean exactly what it says, but instead forces the reader to make an imaginative leap in order to comprehend an author's point. It usually involves a comparison between two things that may not, at first, seem to relate to one another • Simile: He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys • Metaphor: You are what you eat. • Personification: The tornado ran through town without a care. Definition: Definition: ????? is a word or phrase that departs from everyday literal language for the sake of comparison, emphasis, clarity, or freshness. Metaphor and simile are the two most commonly used figures of speech, but things like hyperbole, synecdoche, puns, and personification are also figures of speech Examples: •I was so hungry that I even ate the plate (Hyperbole) •The rain seemed like an old friend who had finally found us (Simile) •My father was the sun and the moon to me (Metaphor) Examples: Literal and ?????? is a distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language. Literal language refers to words that do not deviate from their defined meaning. ????? refers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of the component words. ?????may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve exaggerations. These alterations result in figures of speech. • “You are an ant, while I am a lion” http://www.flocabulary.com/hiphoplanguage.html • “The poorest man is the richest, and the rich are poor.” http://www.flocabulary.com/hiphoplanguage.html • “I fought a million rappers on an afternoon in June.” Definition: a word or phrase that is used in a different way for comparison, emphasis, or clarity An example of a personification: http://www.flocabulary.com/hiphoplanguage.html Definition: Language that does not mean exactly what it says Examples: Busy as a bee. -Uses “as” = simile My teddy bear gave me a huge hug! -gives a teddy bear human characteristics = personification She sells seashells by the seashore -Repetition of initiation letter or sound = alliteration I am so hungry I could eat an entire bear -An extreme exaggeration = hyperbole Life is a journey -comparing life and journey without using “like” or “as” = metaphor Examples: simile, metaphor, hyperbole and personification •An example of a simile would be “fleece as white as snow” •An example of a hyperbole would be “I’ve told you a thousand times” http://4.bp.blogspot.com/UfmuE4jhdRo/TarzpK1omuI/AAAAAAAAAAk/1iKMXRaCH4M/s1600/per son.jpg 16. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: - A literary or cinematic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological order of a narrative. Examples: - - As the prisoner sat in his jail cell, he began to think about his past… when he was a young boy his parents never had time to care for him and were never around. The lady landed in her hometown where she grew up and began to remember all the fun times she had when she was growing up. Definition: • A ?????in literature is a device that allows the writer to present events that happened before the time of the current narration. Examples: • • • Memories Dreams Stories of the past told by characters In the Harry Potter series ???? are used as Harry often looks back to his tragic baby years. Definition: “an interruption of the chronological sequence (as of a film or literary work) of an event of earlier occurrence” (Merriam, 288).” A reference to an event which took place prior to the beginning of a story or play. Examples: - In Grendel, John Gardener uses ????? to give the reader a view of Grendel’s early life. In Harry Potter, ?????, in the form of Pensieves, are used to give the reader a view of the early life of Tom Riddle, among other things. 17. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Examples: • • the act of providing vague advance indications; representing beforehand • The music in jaws before the shark comes. Duh nu. duh nu. duhnunununu The characters in the Wizard of Oz are in the beginning of the film and appear normal but later are displayed by their characteristics such as the mean lady being the wicked witch of the west. Definition: • ???? is a device in which an author suggests certain plot developments that might come later in the story. Examples: In the fairytale “Little Red Riding Hood”, Little Red Riding Hood’s mother warns her to behave herself on the way to grandmother’s and stay on the path. This__________danger, more specifically danger of the wolf. ???? is represented in a suspense novel when a character says, “You must never go through that door”. The reader can infer that the main character will venture to open the door in the future. 18. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition • Verse composed of variable, usually unrhymed lines having no fixed metrical pattern. • Song of Myself by Walt Whitman has no rhyme scheme and no meter. A Game of Death by J.A. McManus has no rhym scheme and no meter. Walt Whitman • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter. Example One“I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loaf and invite my soul, I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.” Song of Myself By Walt Whitman (http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/24-free-verse.htm) Example Two“I buried my father in my heart. Now he grows in me, my strange son, My little root who won’t drink milk, Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night, Little clock spring newly wet In the fire, little grape, parent to the future Wine, a son the fruit of his own son, Little father I ransom with my life.” From Little Father Li-Young Lee http://www.webexhibits.org/poetry/explore_famous_free_examples. html • (http://wendicthomas.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/drummer-bo y- Definition: n.- Verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern. Examples: Messy Room by Shel Silverstein Whosever room this is should be ashamed! His underwear is hanging on the lamp. His raincoat is there in the overstuffed chair, And the chair is becoming quite mucky and damp. His workbook is wedged in the window, His sweater's been thrown on the floor. His scarf and one ski are beneath the TV, And his pants have been carelessly hung on the door. His books are all jammed in the closet, His vest has been left in the hall. A lizard named Ed is asleep in his bed, And his smelly old sock has been stuck to the wall. Whosever room this is should be ashamed! Donald or Robert or Willie or-Huh? You say it's mine? Oh, dear, I knew it looked familiar! Feelings, Now: Some kind of attraction that is neither Animal, vegetable, nor mineral, a power not Solar, fusion, or magnetic And it is all in my head that I could see into his And find myself sitting there. Copyright © 1996 by Katherine Foreman. 2.jpg) 19. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: a literary term in which a huge exaggeration occurs • Examples: He was so hungry he could eat an elephant. I was beginning to cook from the heat. Definition: A deliberate exageration used for effect. Examples: • • “I’m so thirsty that I could drink the whole ocean.” Saying the person is thirsty. “I could lift a million pounds”. The person is strong. 20. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: The formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things Ex. 1: The music coursed through us, shaking our bodies as if it came from within us. Ex. 2: The jungle was lush, teeming with life to its very core. figurative language, especially metaphors and similes or words addressing the senses, used in poetry, plays, and other literary pieces Example 1. The dessert tastes sweet yet spicy at once, with a tinge of orange taste Example 2. I was as stiff as a wooden plank after running 8 miles for the first time in several months 21. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Examples: • When something is said or done that contradicts what is happening or something that happened in the past • Verbal: When something is said that is sarcastic or doesn’t mean something literally. • Dramatic: When the audience knows what is going to happen but the character does not • Situational: When something happens that is opposite is what has been said is going to happen. something said or written that uses humor based on words suggesting the opposite of their literal meaning Verbal ????: a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant Situational ????: an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does Dramatic ????: is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play. • A firehouse catches on fire—A fire station normally puts out fires Examples of verbal ????: Well that helped a lot. Nice haircut. Examples of situational ????: The fire department burns down. A lifeguard drowns in the kiddy pool Examples of dramatic ????: Spooky music in horror movies, you know something's coming, but the characters do not. The audience knows the killer is hiding in the closet but the character does not. 22. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance something used, or regarded as being used, to represent something else; emblem; symbol. Examples: • The assignment was a breeze. • The desert is a burning furnace. Definition: • A comparison of two unlike things without the use of like or as. Examples: • America is a melting pot • He has a heart of stone • The defense was an impassable wall • That man is a pig • A ???? is the comparison of two unlike things. Ex. He is a pig. Ex. Thou art sunshine. 23. Literary Term is _______________________________ DEFINITION: The atmosphere that pervades a literary work with the intention of evoking a certain emotion or feeling from the audience. In drama, ???? may be created by sets and music as well as words; in poetry and prose, ???? may be created by a combination of such elements as setting, voice, tone and theme. EXAMPLES: - Edgar Allen Poe has disturbing and horrific _____ in his short stories. -Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger has a very brooding and desperate _____. - Jane Austen’s novels have a romantic and hopeful _____ 24. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Noun – A. A person who narrates something, esp. the events of a novel or narrative poem: "his poetic efforts are mocked by the ???? of the story". – B. A person who delivers a commentary accompanying a movie, broadcast, piece of music, etc Examples: • Morgan Freeman tells many stories and explains many phenomena on science channels making him a ????. • The ?????? of Twilight happens to be Bella Swan as she tells her story about vampires. -Twilight, Stephanie Meyer Definition: Examples: a person who tells a story or gives an account of something a person who speaks in accompaniment of a film, television program, novel, etc. • The Harry Potter series is told through a ????with a third person limited point of view. • To Kill a Mockingbird is told through a ???? with a first person point of view. fanpop.com 25. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition • Definition: – the use of words that sound like what they mean Examples: The formation of a word by imitation of a sound made by or associated with it’s referent. • The duck was quacking. • The bee buzzed by my ear. • The cow mooed loudly. Definition: Examples: A literary device wherein “crash” the sound of a word “zoom” echoes the sound it “buzz” represents • Examples Boom! Purr… 26. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: A contradictory statement that upon closer inspection proves true. • Examples: • Those have ears but hear not • Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage. • Definition: A statement that appears to contradict itself. • Examples : "Je ne parle pas Français." (Bart Simpson, The Simpsons) - Translates to " I do not speak French " , in French. "War is peace." "Freedom is slavery." "Ignorance is strength." (George Orwell, 1984) - Each statement is being directly related to the other, although they are complete opposites. -Stairs go up, but which way is up? http://rubenganev.files.wordpress.com/2011/ 05/paradox.jpg http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/paradoxterm.htm Paradox Definition: • a figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself. • something that has the possibility of being true or not true. Examples: • • • • War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. I must be cruel to be kind. ~ William Shakespeare (Hamlet) 27. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: The ??? ? ?? is the position of the narrator in relation to the story, as indicated by the narrator’s outlook from which the events are depicted and by the attitude toward the characters. Examples: • • 1st person singular – When you’re narrating yourself. “I was walking down the street when suddenly…” 3rd person singular – When an outside person is narrating another person or event. “He was walking down the street when suddenly...” 28. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Examples: Definition~ The main character who ~ Harry Potter is usually a hero or ~ Superman heroine. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://w ww.superherostuff.com/blog/images/supermanstanding.gif&imgrefurl=http:// “the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.” – dictionary.com Examples: • • • • Harry Potter is the ???? of the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling In Sherlock Holmes and the Hound of the Baskervilles, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Dr. Watson is the ????. The ???? of the play “Hamlet” is Hamlet The ???? of the book Grendel by John Gardner is not a hero, but the monster Grendel http://www.allthetests.com/fanquizzes-tests-HarryPotter.php?katb=1422 29. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: A phrase or verse reoccurring at intervals within a poem or song. -Stanzas two and four are refrains • Examples: Definition: Examples: • A repeated line or number of lines in a poem or song, typically at the end of each verse/ chorus - From 'Lay the Bent to the Bonny Broom' by Pentangle There lived a lady by the North Sea shore, Lay the bent to the bonny broom* Two daughters were the babes she bore. Fa la la la la la la la la. * As one grew bright as is the sun, Lay the bent to the bonny broom * So coal black grew the other one. Fa la la la la la la la. * *This contains a _______midverse • • • • • Definition: A phrase or verse repeated in intervals throughout a song or poem. “Cause baby you're a firework Come on show 'em what you're worth Make 'em go "Oh, oh, oh!" As you shoot across the sky-y-y Baby you're a firework Come on let your colors burst Make 'em go "Oh, oh, oh!" You're gunna leave 'em fallin' down-own-own” Firework by Katy Perry “There you go making my heart beat again, Heart beat again, Heart beat again There you go making me feel like a kid Won't you do it and do it one time? There you go pulling me right back in, Right back in, Right back in And I know-oo I'm never letting this go-ooo” Stuck Like Glue by Sugarland • Each example below is repeated in their respective song or poem. • “Hey soul sister, ain't that mister mister on the radio, stereo; The way you move ain't fair you know; Hey soul sister, I don't wanna miss a single thing you do; tonight!”- “Hey Soul Sister” by Train • “Quoth the raven, "Nevermore.“”- “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe 30. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: Examples: • the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. • • The Daily Show with Jon Stewart constantly makes fun of politicians. Stephen Colbert also constantly______ politics and other people in popular culture. • ????- A literary work that emphasizes peoples foolishness and stupidity by using sarcasm. • Ex. “Not Another Teen Movie” • Ex. “My Man Godfrey” 31. Literary Term is _______________________________ ???? ???? (also called cosmic irony) is a trope in which accidental events occur that seem oddly appropriate, such as the poetic justice of a pickpocket getting his own pocket picked. However, both the victim and the audience are simultaneously aware of the situation in __________________. Examples: •A couple appears in court to finalize a divorce, but during the proceeding, they remarry instead •You buy yourself something after months of saving and then someone gets it for you for Christmas! Definition: A type of irony emphasizing that human beings are enmeshed in forces beyond their comprehension and control Ex.1: You and your friend are walking down a road when you reach a dead end sign, behind the sign is a cemetery. Ex.2: Your walking along a boardwalk and you see a no seagulls sign, on top of the sign sits a seagull. 32. Literary Term is _______________________________ Is someone in a story who talks in first person or one who give a speech or a lecture. Definition: The person who is (assumed to be) talking. Examples: • In Frankenstein, the ???? shifts between Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and Frankenstein’s monster. Some examples are Martin Luther King Jr. in his speech, or Nelson Mandela in his speech. tvtropes.org • Definition: – The narrative or elegiac voice in a poem or story that speaks of his or her situation or feelings. – A person who delivers a speech or lecture Examples: Each night representatives are shown on C-Span. The ???? in the poem “Uphill” is the author Christina Rossetti 33. Literary Term is _______________________________ • Definition: • Examples: the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words. a system or orderly arrangement The arrangement of words in a sentence • "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously." • • (Linguist Noam Chomsky created this sentence--which is grammatically correct but incomprehensible--to demonstrate that the rules governing ???? are distinct from the meanings words convey.) Now it’s not interesting to talk when we know that the conversation’s being recorded. Don’t you be having no more of ’em bagels now, son. ????- (noun) the order of words in a sentence ExamplesIf I pay attention in school and learn the principles of grammar I will be able to use proper ????. Thank you, sir. OR Sir, Thank You 34. Literary Term is _______________________________ Definition: • The ???? is usually described as being the dominant or unifying idea in a story or work of art. Examples: • • Romeo and Juliet “Love conquers all” would the ????. Macbeth “Evil never Triumphs” would be the main ???? of that story. 35. Literary Term is _______________________________ • • ???? is a reflection of a writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or other literary work. Ex. 1. Holden Caulfield has an undeniable tone in Catcher in the Rye. He is sarcastic, tough, and inquisitive. He also makes poignant observations through his rather biting tone. 2. Voldemort, in the Harry Potter series, constantly has a dark and threatening ????. The writer's attitude toward the material and/or readers. ???? may be playful, formal, intimate, angry, serious, ironic, outraged, baffled, tender, serene, depressed, etc. Examples: • “All morons hate it when you call them a moron.” The ???? in this sentence could be described as sarcastic. • “Get to bed. Now.” The ???? in this sentence would be serious. 36. Literary Term is _______________________________ • The character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy. • Examples: Macbeth, Hamlet Definition: Examples: a weakness in a character that eventually leads to his or her downfall • In the Tortoise and the Hare, the Hare’s overconfidence leads him to losing the race. • Oedipus’s lack of knowledge of his adoption leads him to killing him father and marrying his mother • Definition:–noun Literature . the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy • • Examples: Shakespeare's Hamlet---Hamlet's ??? ???is his indecisiveness and it leads to his downfall. • Family Guy--- Peter Griffin is extremely impulsive and causes many problems for his family and friends • Philip J. Fry has a severe lack of intelligence which causes many problems for him and his friends: Futurama. 37. Literary Term is _______________________________ • ??? ???(also called sarcasm) is a trope in which a speaker makes a statement in which its actual meaning differs sharply from the meaning that the words ostensibly express. Often this sort of irony is plainly sarcastic in the eyes of the reader, but the characters listening in the story may not realize the speaker's sarcasm as quickly as the readers do. Examples: •Dad is finally out of patience with picking up after his son, who can't seem to be trained to put his dirty clothes in the hamper instead of letting them drop wherever he happens to be when he takes them off. "Would Milord please let me know when it pleases him to have his humble servant pick up after him?“ •Mother comes into the TV room and discovers her 11-year-old watching South Park instead of doing his homework, as he was set to a dozen minutes ago. Pointing to the screen she says, "Don't let me tempt you from your duties, kiddo, but when you're finished with your serious studies there, maybe we could take some time out for recreation and do a little math." Terms not on the list for you to define: 38. Symbolism 39. Personification 40. Definition: When a character means to say one thing but it's heard by others as something different. Ex.1: You call your mom to pick you up from school however you come out several minutes late, your mom says, “Well please let me know what time your humble servant should be here next time” time” Ex.2: You’ You’ve had a bad day and when you get home your brother comes up and says, “Your dog died” died”, after hearing this comment you simply say “Oh great!” great!”