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DICOTS DICOT WEEDS In a universe of hundreds of dicot weeds, a limited number can tolerate repeated m o w i n g of managed turf sites. In order t o provide a broader representation of turf weeds, w e have included a select number of these dicot weeds. Those presented herein were chosen for their ability to survive in turf, often as a continuing pest. Several of the species can persist even at fairly short m o w i n g heights; others are Identifying a dicot weed • Look for a sample flower if available Unlike the prototypical size and shape of monocot • Leaves: check for identifying characteristics (size, shape, notches, venation or coloration) weeds, the shape and vegetative g r o w t h habits of many dicot w e e d groups are visually unique. Also, • Stems: check h o w the leaves are held (opposite or alternate), shape and color the distinctive traits of monocots—seedheads, ligules and collars—are not always present making • Flowers: check color, size and composition (single, double or compound) visual identification more important. W e suggest the following process for identifying • Location: take note of the conditions in which the w e e d is growing (shade, compacted soil, etc.) dicot weeds: • Distribution: confirm that this w e e d species has active in cool weather. been identified in your state DANDELION HENBIT aka common dandelion aka dead-nettle A large rosette-type A mostly erect perennial herb winter annual or biennial Leaves growing from plant base Leaves are simi- are long, narrow lar to mint: and deeply rounded, notched toothed, heavily Points of leaf lobes point backward toward base of plant Has large, slightly mounded yellow flowers on hollow stems veined with soft hairs on top, held opposite on square stems Single flowers are trumpetshaped, pale purple and project from ends of stems Mature seedhead is a round puffball with seeds that are easily dislodged Seen primarily in spring, dying with heat DISTRIBUTION: DISTRIBUTION: Indigenous states Indigenous states DICOTS KNOTWEED PURSLANE aka prostrate knotweed aka common purslane • A persistent low- A prostrate, succulent growing summer summer annual annual Leaves are shiny • Prefers com- green, wedge- pacted soil of shaped, thick pathways and and up to 1 inch along drives long • Leaves are blue-green# Stems are thick, fleshy and up to 1 inch long and purple to brown in color 14-inch wide Plants are are very drought-resistant • Small single white to pink flowers are found at the junction of the leaves and the stem DISTRIBUTION: Indigenous Small, single yellow flowers may appear in the leaf clusters at end of stems DISTRIBUTION: states Indigenous states DICOTS COMMON CHICKWEED aka starwort, winlerweed A low-growing winter annual SPOTTED SPURGE A prostrate fleshy summer annual herb Leaves are opposite, Plant prefers shad- oblong, and up to ed moist sites %-inch long Opposite small Upper leaf surface leaves are carried has a purple to on tender stems brown blotch along Stems may root at leaf nodes center vein Hairy stems produce a milky-white sap when broken Small compound flower composed of 5 pairs of two pale purple petals Plants die back with summer heat, but can survive year round at cool sites DISTRIBUTION: Indigenous DISTRIBUTION: states Indigenous states ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This guide was written and compiled by Chris Sann of Turf Information Group, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware and the editors of Landscape Management and Golfdom. Graphic design, execution and illustrations by graphic designers Lisa Bodnar, Jeff Landis and Dan Beedy. This guide presented as a sen/ice to the green industry by BASF Corporation of Research Triangle Park, NC and Landscape Management and Golfdom magazines, Cleveland, OH. ©2001