Download 2011 OL - Marist College, Athlone

2011. M43
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Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit
State Examinations Commission
LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2011
BIOLOGY – ORDINARY LEVEL
THURSDAY, 16 JUNE – MORNING, 9.30 to 12.30
Section A
Answer any five questions from this section.
Each question carries 20 marks.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on this examination paper.
Section B
Answer any two questions from this section.
Each question carries 30 marks.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on this examination paper.
Section C
Answer any four questions from this section.
Each question carries 60 marks.
Write your answers in the answer book.
It is recommended that you spend not more than 30 minutes on Section A and 30 minutes
on Section B, leaving 120 minutes for Section C.
You must return this examination paper with your answer book at the end of the examination.
[OVER]
Page 1 of 26
Section A
Answer any five questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1.
Use your knowledge of nutrition to answer the following questions:
(i)
Carbohydrates always contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and
____________________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Lipids are made up of fatty acids and
____________________________________________________________________________________
(iii)
Name a fat-soluble vitamin.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(iv)
Name a structural carbohydrate found in plants.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(v)
Name one good source of protein in the human diet.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2.
(i)
What is meant by pollution?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Name one human activity that causes pollution.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(iii)
State two problems associated with waste disposal in Ireland.
Problem 1. ___________________________________________________________________________
Problem 2. ___________________________________________________________________________
(iv)
List two ways of minimising waste.
1.___________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________
(v)
Give one example of the use of microorganisms in waste management.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 2 of 26
1.
2(7) + 3(2)
(i)
Oxygen
(ii)
Glycerol
(iii)
A/D/E/K
(iv)
Cellulose
(v)
(Lean) Meat / Fish / Cheese / Eggs / Pulses
(Do not accept Dairy Products)
2.
3(4) +4 (2)
(i)
Any harmful addition to the ecosystem (e.g. not acceptable)
(ii)
Any relevant activity but not naturally occurring catastrophe
(iii)
1.
2.
1.
2.
(iv)
(v)
e.g. Finding land for landfill sites
e.g. Litter / pollution or named form of pollution .
Reduce
Reuse / Recycle … (or explained) / e.g’s OK (reward)
e.g. Breaks down waste / in sewage treatment plants
Page 3 of 26
3.
The diagram shows a cell undergoing cell division.
(a)
Genes are found on structure A. Name structure A.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(b)
What is the function of structure B?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(c)
Tissues grow by cell division. Name the type of cell division by which tissues grow.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(d)
Organs are found in both plants and animals. What is meant by the term organ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(e)
Name one organ found in plants.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) by drawing a circle
around T or F in each case.
Example: The liver produces bile
T
F
(a)
The semicircular canals in the ear are involved in balance.
T
F
(b)
The growth response of a plant to light is called phototropism.
T
F
(c)
Tendons attach bone to bone.
T
F
(d)
A motor neuron carries impulses to the brain.
T
F
(e)
Rhizopus is a member of the animal kingdom.
T
F
(f)
Xylem transports water in plants.
T
F
(g)
A potato is a modified stem.
T
F
[OVER]
Page 4 of 26
3.
2(7) + 3(2)
(a)
Chromosome (allow chromatid) (Do not allow DNA)
(b)
To contract / to separate chromosomes / chromatid / to attach
(c)
Mitosis
(d)
A group of tissues / Structure composed of two or more tissues
(e)
Leaf / Root / Stem / Bud / Tuber / Flower/ bulbs/ Rhizome …
4.
3(4) + 4(2)
(a)
The semicircular canals in the ear are involved in balance. T
(b)
Growth response of a plant to light is phototropism.
(c)
Tendons attach bone to bone.
F
(d)
A motor neuron carries impulses to the brain.
F
(e)
Rhizopus is a member of the animal kingdom.
F
(f)
Xylem transports water in plants.
T
(g)
A potato is a modified stem.
T
Page 5 of 26
T
5.
Choose each term from the following list and place it in Column B to match a description in
Column A. The first one has been completed as an example.
Alcohol, Oxygen, Water, Mitochondria, Lactic acid, Large
Column A
Column B
The amount of energy released in aerobic respiration.
Large
(i) A substance required for aerobic respiration.
(ii) A product of anaerobic respiration in muscles.
(iii) A product of aerobic respiration.
(iv) A product of anaerobic respiration in yeast.
(v) The cell structures in which Stage 2 of aerobic respiration
takes place.
6.
The diagram shows a vertical section through the human eye.
(a)
Name the parts labelled A, B, C.
A. _____________________________________
B. _____________________________________
C. _____________________________________
(b)
Name the coloured part of the eye.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(c)
What is the function of the pupil in the eye?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(d)
In which labelled part would you find the rods and cones?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(e)
What is the function of the cones?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 6 of 26
5.
2(7) + 3(2)
(i)
A substance required for aerobic respiration.
Oxygen
(ii)
A product of anaerobic respiration in muscles.
Lactic Acid
(iii)
A product of aerobic respiration.
Water
(iv)
A product of anaerobic respiration in yeast.
(v)
The cell structures in which Stage 2 occurs.
6.
Alcohol
Mitochondria
3(4) + 4(2)
(a)
A = Optic Nerve
B = Retina
C = Lens
(b)
Iris
(c)
To allow light in
(d)
‘B’ / The Retina
(e)
To detect colour / Colour vision / Bright light
Page 7 of 26
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Part (a) carries 6 marks and part (b) carries 24 marks in each question in this section.
7.
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram of a single, reproducing, yeast cell.
(b)
Answer the following questions in relation to your investigation into the growth of leaf
yeast.
(i)
From what plant did you obtain the yeast?
______________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Name the nutrient medium on which you grew the yeast.
______________________________________________________________________________
(iii)
Outline the steps you followed to get the yeast cells onto the nutrient medium.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) How long did it take for the yeast to become visible on the nutrient medium?
______________________________________________________________________________
(v)
How did you recognise the yeast?
______________________________________________________________________________
(vi)
Describe one aseptic technique you carried out during this investigation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[OVER]
Page 8 of 26
7.
(a)
(b)
Suitable diagram of cell showing nucleus and bud = 5 marks
(If either nucleus or bud is absent then only allow 2 marks - if
both are missing then allow no marks)
(i)
Any valid plant e.g. Ash / Privet …
(ii)
(nutrient) Agar
(iii)
Leaf (or leaf section) stuck to lid / tweezers / stuck with what /of
Petri dish / Yeast-side down / dish left agar-side down / 24 hours.
Any 3
(iv)
≥ 72 hours / 3 days
(v)
Pink colonies / spots
(vi)
Swab bench with disinfectant / sterilise instrument / Petri dish face
downwards on bench
Page 9 of 26
5,2,0 + 1
( 1 mark for
label)
2(6)+6(2)
8.
(a)
(i)
The scientific method involves making a hypothesis, carrying out experiments,
recording results, and forming conclusions.
Why is it a good idea to repeat an experiment many times?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Why is a control used when carrying out experiments?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(b)
For what purpose did you use each of the following in the course of your practical
activities?
(i)
Fehling’s solution or Benedict’s solution.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Anaerobic jar.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(iii)
Cover slip.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(iv)
Buffer solution.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(v)
Methylene blue.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(vi)
Sodium alginate.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(vii) IAA.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
(viii) Freezer-cold alcohol.
Purpose. _________________________________________________________________
Page 10 of 26
8.
(a)
(b)
(i)
To verify results /(statistical) reliability/ minimise error
(ii)
To compare (with experiment)
(i)
To check for Glucose / reducing sugar
(ii)
To see if O2 is necessary for germination / to limit or reduce O2
(iii)
To examine a specimen / to reduce evaporation / to hold specimen
in place / to protect lens or microscope
(iv)
To keep pH constant
(v)
To stain (animal/plant) cells / nucleic acids
(vi)
To immobilise enzymes (or yeast cells) /to make beads
(vii)
(To examine the effect of) growth regulators (on plants) / to
stimulate plant growth / to inhibit plant growth.
(viii)
To bring DNA out of solution / to isolate DNA
Page 11 of 26
5+1
2(6) + 6(2)
9.
(a)
Name the parts of the light microscope labelled A and B.
A. _________________________________________
B. _________________________________________
(b)
Answer the following questions in relation to obtaining and staining a sample of plant
cells and viewing them under the microscope.
(i)
From what plant did you obtain the cells?
__________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
How did you obtain a thin piece of a sample of the cells and prepare it for
examination?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(iii)
What stain did you use on the cells?
__________________________________________________________________________
(iv)
Describe how you applied the stain.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(v)
The objective lenses on a microscope are usually labelled 40X, 10X, and 4X.
Which objective lens should you begin with when using the microscope?
__________________________________________________________________________
(vi)
Give one cell structure that you observed that indicated that the cells were plant cells.
__________________________________________________________________________
[OVER]
Page 12 of 26
9.
(a)
(b)
A
Eyepiece / Eye lens
5+1
B
Platform / Stage
(i)
Any named plant
(ii)
Cut or peel /with what / onto slide / into water //safety point /
stain / cover slip / detail on cover slip
Any 3
(At least 1 point ‘HOW’ and 1 point ‘PREPARE)
(iii)
Iodine solution.
(iv)
With a dropper / Under coverslip / method
(v)
4X / Low Power
(vi)
Cell Wall / Chloroplast / (Large)Vacuole
2(6)+6(2)
Page 13 of 26
Section C
Answer four questions.
Write your answers in the answer book.
10.
(a)
Explain the following terms that are used in genetics:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(9)
In humans, brown eye (B) is dominant to blue eye (b). Two parents, one heterozygous for
eye colour and the other with blue eyes, start a family.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
Allele
Heterozygous
Phenotype.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
What is the genotype of the blue-eyed parent?
What are the possible gametes that each parent can produce?
Using a Punnett square or another method work out the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of their children.
(24)
Explain, in terms of what happens to body cells, what is meant by the term cancer.
Give two possible causes of cancer.
Some people choose to be screened to determine their risk of getting a particular
type of cancer.
What is meant by genetic screening?
Blood samples taken from a crime scene were put through a process called DNA
profiling. During the process cells were broken down to release the DNA,
which was then cut into fragments. The fragments were then separated.
1.
What was used to cut the DNA?
2.
On what basis were the DNA fragments separated?
3.
Give an application of DNA profiling other than solving crime.
The following are the results of the DNA profiling process. Using these results,
identify which suspect, A, B or C committed the crime.
(27)
Page 14 of 26
10.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Allele – alternative form of a gene
(ii)
Heterozygous–two alleles / Tt (2 genes not acceptable)
(iii)
Phenotype – genotype expressed / genotype +environment
(i)
(bb)
(ii)
One Parent – (B) / (b)
Other Parent - (b)
b
B Bb Brown
b bb Blue
(iii)
(c)
7 + 2(1)
2(6) + 6(2)
3(Pts)
Allow non-matching when vague i.e. genotypes
are (Bb) & (bb) / Phenotypes are Blue & Brown.
If Punnett Square is incorrect, i.e. both parents
have two types of gametes etc, allow no marks
4(Pts)
(i)
Control over cell division is lost
(ii)
Any two causes e.g. Radiation / Smoking …
(2 Pts)
(iii)
Checking / for presence of specific gene
(2 Pts)
(iv)
(v)
1. Enzyme
2. Size
3. Paternity or maternity / taxonomy / evolution
B
Page 15 of 26
3(5)+6(2)
3(Pts)
11.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(9)
The food web below was drawn by a group of students following their field work.
Study the web and answer the questions.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(c)
What is the main source of energy in an ecosystem?
Explain the following terms used in ecology:
1.
Biosphere
2.
Habitat.
Name one primary producer from the web.
Name one herbivore and one carnivore from the web.
Name one omnivore from the web.
What would happen to the number of caterpillars if all the thrushes died?
What is meant by a quantitative survey of organisms in a habitat?
Name two pieces of apparatus used to collect animals from an ecosystem.
(24)
Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.
Shedding Daylight on Irish Bats.
There are ten species of bat in Ireland. They live in our houses, churches and old
buildings. The most common species of bat in Ireland is the Pipistrelle which is small
enough to fit into a matchbox. The largest species is Leisler’s bat. Bats are not blind.
They use sound to navigate. Bats are the only flying mammals. They generally hunt at
night for moths and other insects. In winter many bat species hibernate in underground
sites and outhouses. Bats have only one baby per year and they can live for up to forty
years. Barn owls may sometimes feed on bats, or they may fall prey to the domestic cat.
According to Bat Conservation Ireland, bat populations are decreasing. This may be due
to loss of hedgerows, pesticide use and the renovation of old buildings.
[Adapted from ‘Science Spin’ Issue 26, January 2008. By Anthony King.]
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
How many species of bat are found in Ireland?
What is the name of the most common species found here?
What do bats feed on?
What is meant by the term predator?
Name a predator of Irish bats.
Suggest one reason why many bats hibernate in winter.
What is meant by the term conservation?
Suggest one way to help bat conservation in Ireland.
(27)
[OVER]
Page 16 of 26
11.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
The Sun
(ii)
1. Biosphere – Everywhere life is possible
2. Habitat – A place where organism(s) live
(i)
Oak or Blackberry
(ii)
(iii)
 Herbivore: Caterpillar / Mouse / Greenfly
 Carnivore: Hawk / Spider / Ladybird
Thrush
(iv)
Increase (in number)
(v)
(vi)
A survey in which the number of a particular species/organism is
counted
Pooter / Beating tray / Pitfall trap / Net…
(i)
10
(ii)
Pipistrelle
(iii)
Moths / Insects
(iv)
Organism that kills & eats others (allow kills its prey)
(v)
Barn Owl / Cat
(1 Pt)
(vi)
To conserve energy or explained / lack of food
(1 Pt)
(vii)
Management of an ecosystem (not natural resource & not
protection)
Maintain hedgerows / cut use of pestcides/ don’t refurbish /
Education / Bat Boxes / Don’t kill bats
(viii)
2(1) + 7
6(2)+2(6)
(2 Pts)
6(2)+3(5)
(2 Pts)
Page 17 of 26
(1 Pt)
12.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
What is meant by the term photosynthesis?
A gas from the air is needed for photosynthesis.
Name this gas.
Name the part of a plant cell in which photosynthesis takes place.
(9)
Write a balanced equation for photosynthesis.
Plants contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
The apparatus shown below may be used to investigate the effect of an
environmental factor on the rate of photosynthesis.
1.
Name any two environmental factors affecting photosynthesis that could be
investigated using the apparatus shown.
2.
How would you measure the rate of photosynthesis using the apparatus below?
(24)
(c)
Enzymes are used in many processes in both plants and animals.
(i)
What is an enzyme?
(ii) Name any one enzyme, and its substrate, and its product.
(iii) The rate of activity of enzymes can be affected by various factors.
Name any two factors that can affect enzyme activity.
(iv) Enzymes are sometimes immobilised in industrial processes.
What is meant by the term immobilised in relation to enzymes?
(v) Give one advantage of using immobilised enzymes. (27)
Page 18 of 26
12.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
The method by which plants make their own food
(ii)
CO2 / Water Vapour
(iii)
Chloroplasts
(i)
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Balancing correct = 1 point… any mistake = 0
Chemicals correct=2pts..1 mistake=1pt..2 mistakes=0
7 + 2(1)
2(6) + 6(2)
(3 Pts)
(ii)
To absorb light / to convert light to chemical energy
(1 pt)
(iii)
1. CO2 (concentration) / light (intensity) / temperature
2. (Count) number of bubbles (of O2 ) / per unit time
(2 pts)
(2 Pts)
(i)
A biological (or organic or protein) / catalyst
(ii)
Enzyme: any enzyme
Substrate: must match enzyme
Product: must match substrate or enzyme
(3 Pts)
(iii)
Temperature / pH
(2 Pts)
(iv)
Attached to a (inert)substance/ trapped / in beads
(1 Pt)
(v)
Can be reused / pure product / cheaper
(1 Pt)
Page 19 of 26
3(5)+6(2)
(2 Pts)
13.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(9)
The diagram shows a section through the human heart.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(c)
Name the liquid part of the blood.
Different lifestyle factors have an effect on the health of our circulatory system.
Name any two of these factors.
Name the blood vessel labelled A.
Does A carry blood towards or away from the heart?
Name the chamber of the heart labelled C.
Why is the wall of chamber B thicker than the wall of chamber C?
Name the arteries that supply the heart wall with blood.
What is the role of valves in the heart?
The lymphatic system is another series of vessels carrying fluid in the body.
Give any two functions of the lymphatic system.
(24)
The diagram shows part of the human breathing system.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Name the parts labelled A and B.
In what structures in the lungs does gaseous exchange take place?
Give one feature of the structure referred to in (ii) that allows efficient exchange of
gases.
What is the function of the larynx?
Outline the steps involved in inhalation.
(27)
[OVER]
Page 20 of 26
13
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
Plasma
7 + 2(1)
(ii)
Any two factors
(i)
Aorta
(ii)
Away from
(iii)
Right ventricle
(iv)
Blood from B must be pumped further / greater pressure
(v)
Coronary / Cardiac
(vi)
To prevent backflow (of blood)
(vii)
Returns fluid to blood / transport / lymphocytes(Immunity)
2(6)+6(2)
(i)
A=bronchus; B= trachea (allow cartilage for A or B)
(ii)
Alveoli or Air sacs
(iii)
Thin walls / moist surfaces / surrounded by capillaries/ large
surface area / expandable
(iv)
To make sound
(v)
Impulse from brain / (intercostal) muscles contract / diaphragm
contracts / thoracic cavity increases or rib cage up and out or
diaphragm flattens / pressure drops / air in (Any four points)
Page 21 of 26
(1 Pt)
(2 Pts)
3(5)+6(2)
(2 Pts)
(1 Pt)
(4 Pts)
14.
Answer any two of (a), (b0, (c)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(30,30)
Draw a large labelled diagram of the human female reproductive system.
Indicate clearly on your diagram where each of the following events takes place:
1.
Ovulation
2.
Fertilisation
What does the term infertility mean?
In vitro fertilisation is a method used to treat infertility.
What is meant by the term in vitro in relation to fertilisation?
Give one cause of infertility in women.
As a result of fertility treatment, an embryo develops successfully from an in vitro
fertilisation. What is the next step for the embryo?
The diagram shows some parts of the human endocrine system.
Name the glands labelled A and B.
Name any one hormone produced by the body.
Give a deficiency symptom of the hormone named
in (ii) above.
Give one example of the use of hormone supplements.
The central nervous system is made up of two main parts.
Name each part.
Name a disorder of the nervous system.
Give one cause of the disorder and suggest a means of
treating the disorder.
Explain the term excretion.
Name two substances excreted by the kidneys.
The diagram shows the human urinary system.
Name the parts labelled A, B and C.
Name the parts of the kidney in which each of the
following takes place:
1.
Filtration
2.
Reabsorption.
Name one other excretory organ in the body.
Page 22 of 26
14.
14.
Any two of (a), (b), (c)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
14.
14.
(b)
(c)
(30, 30)
Diagram must show at least three of the following:
Ovaries, Fallopian tube, Uterus, Vagina = 6 marks
(Any two missing then only 3 marks and any three missing then
zero marks)
1. On ovary
2. In oviduct (not in uterus)
6,3,0 + 3(2)
(3 Labels)
6(3)
(2 Pts)
(iii)
The inability to produce offspring / gametes
(iv)
In a glass vessel / Test tube (Allow ‘outside body’)
(v)
Inability to ovulate / blocked oviducts / menopause or age / weight /
excessive exercise …
(vi)
Implantation / Frozen
(i)
A = Thyroid (allow parathyroid)
B = Adrenals
(ii)
Any human hormone
(iii)
Deficiency symptom must match Hormone
(iv)
Any one use
(v)
Brain/spinal cord
(2 Pts)
(vi)
Named disorder/cause/treatment
(3 Pts)
2(7) + 8(2)
2(Pts)
2(7) + 8(2) (2
Pts)
(i)
Getting rid of waste / made in the body
(ii)
Urea/water/salt / urine
(2 Pts)
(iii)
A = kidney; B = ureter; C = bladder
(3 Pts)
(iv)
1. Cortex
2. Medulla or Cortex
(2 Pts)
(v)
Lungs/skin/liver
(1 Pt)
Page 23 of 26
15.
Answer any two of (a), (b0, (c)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(b)
(30,30)
Draw a large labelled diagram to show the internal structure of a flower.
Give two ways by which pollen is transferred from one flower to another.
After fertilisation, what part of the flower becomes the fruit?
Many seedless fruits, e.g. grapes, are available in shops today.
State one way of forming seedless fruits.
Sometimes artificial methods are used to propagate (reproduce) plants.
Name any two methods of artificially propagating plants.
The diagram shows a transverse section through a dicotyledonous (dicot) root.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Name the parts labelled A, B and C.
State two functions of a root.
From what part of a seed does the root develop?
Give one example of a root modified for food storage.
Plants can be monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous.
Give any one difference between a monocotyledonous plant and a dicotyledonous
plant.
Give one example of a monocotyledonous plant and one example of a
dicotyledonous plant.
(c)
The diagram shows the structure of a type of virus.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Name the parts labelled A and B.
State two harmful effects of viruses.
What is meant by the term immunity?
The skin is an important part of our immune system.
Outline two ways in which the skin provides immunity.
To help the immune system, many people receive vaccinations during their lifetime.
What is meant by the term vaccination?
Antibiotics are usually not given to a person suffering from a viral infection.
Suggest a reason for this.
(v)
(vi)
Page 24 of 26
15.
15.
15.
15.
Any two of (a), (b), (c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(30, 30)
(i)
Diagram must show at least three of the following:
Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Carpels
= 6 marks
(Any two missing then only 3 marks and any three missing then
zero marks)
6,3,0 + 3(2)
(3 Labels)
(ii)
Wind / insects / birds
(iii)
Ovary (allow ‘carpel’)
(iv)
Genetic engineering / growth regulators / hormones / selective
breeding
(v)
Grafting/cutting/layering...
(i)
A = phloem; B = xylem; C = root hair
(ii)
Absorb water/ absorb minerals / anchorage / food store /
reproduction (qualfied)
(iii)
Radicles (allow embryo)
(iv)
Carrot / turnip / parsnip / root tuber ...
(v)
One cotyledon vs two cotyledons
Parallel venation vs reticulate venation/
Flower parts in multiples of 3 vs flower parts in multiples of 4 /5.
Scattered vs ring of vascular bundles in stems
Fibrous roots vs tap roots
(vi)
Example Monocot / Example dicot
(i)
A = nucleic acid (or DNA or RNA);
B = protein/coat
(ii)
Two harmful effects (Any two viral diseases)
2(Pts)
(iii)
Defence against disease
1(Pt)
(iv)
Barrier / sweat / scabs
2(Pts)
(v)
‘Safe dose’ of a pathogen / causing antibody production or causing an
immune response
2(Pts)
(vi)
Antibiotics have no effect on viruses
6(3)
2(Pts)
Page 25 of 26
2(Pts)
2(7) + 8(2)
3(Pts)
2(Pts)
1(Pt)
1 (Pt)
(One side of
argument is
sufficient)
2(Pts)
2(7) + 8(2)
2(Pts)
Page 26 of 26