Download Question paper - Unit F391/01 - Greek history from original

Monday 13 May 2013 – Afternoon
AS GCE CLASSICS: ANCIENT HISTORY
F391/01/I Greek History from original sources
INSERT – QUESTION BOOKLET
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
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Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting
your answer.
Choose one option. Answer one question from Section A and one question from
Section B. Both questions must be from the same option.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
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The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 100.
This question booklet contains questions on the following three options:
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Option 1: Athenian Democracy in the 5th century BC
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Option 2: Delian League to Athenian Empire
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Option 3: Politics and society of Ancient Sparta
This document consists of 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
INSTRUCTION TO EXAMS OFFICER / INVIGILATOR
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Option 1: Athenian Democracy in the 5th century BC
Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B.
SECTION A – Commentary Questions
Answer one question from this section.
Marks are awarded in parts (b) and (c) of Questions 1 and 2 for the quality of written
communication in your answer.
1
Read the passage and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passage and to use
your own knowledge in your answers.
Letting two years pass, now that the people were confident after their victory, they
then, for the first time, used the law about ostracism. It had been passed out of
suspicion of men in positions of power, because Peisistratos had become tyrant as
popular leader and general.
The first man to be ostracised was a kinsman of his, Hipparkhos son of Kharmos,
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of Kollytos. It was because of him in particular that Kleisthenes had carried the law,
since he wanted to drive him out. Exercising the people’s customary mildness, the
Athenians had allowed those of the tyrants’ friends who were not implicated in their
misdeeds during the disturbances to go on living in the city, and Hipparkhos was their
leader and champion. In the very next year, in the archonship of Telesinos (487/6), 10
for the first time since the tyranny, the nine archons were picked by lot on a tribal
basis from a short list of 500 elected by the members of the demes: before this all
the archons had been elected. They also ostracised Megakles son of Hippokrates,
of Alopeke. For three years they continued to ostracise friends of the tyrants, on
whose account the law had been carried; but after that, in the fourth year (485/4), 15
they started to remove anyone else who seemed too powerful, and the first of those
not involved in the tyranny to be ostracised was Xanthippos son of Ariphron.
Constitution of the Athenians 22.3–6
[LACTOR 5]
(a) What does this passage tell us about the early development of the Athenian democracy? [10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the ways in which the Athenians controlled
political leaders?
[20]
(c) On the basis of this passage and other sources you have studied, how far do you agree that
the aristocratic families became less powerful during the 5th century BC?
[25]
© OCR 2013
F391/01/I Jun13
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Option 1: Athenian Democracy in the 5th century BC
Do not answer this question if you have already answered Question 1.
2
Read the passage and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passage and to use
your own knowledge in your answers.
He was now indeed thoroughly scared, since he never imagined that Nicias would
have gone so far as to give up his post to him. Nicias, however, repeated his offer
and called the Athenians to witness that he was standing down from the command
in Pylos. The Athenians behaved in the way that crowds usually do. The more that
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Cleon tried to get out of sailing to Pylos, and the more that he tried to take back
what he had said, the more they encouraged Nicias to hand over his command and
they shouted at Cleon, telling him that he ought to sail. The result was that Cleon,
finding that there was no longer any possibility of going back on what he had said,
undertook to go on the voyage. He came forward and said that he was not frightened
of the Spartans and would sail without taking a single man from Athens, only the 10
Lemnians and Imbrians who were in the city and the peltasts who had come from
Aenus to offer their help and 400 archers who were available from other quarters.
With this force, together with the troops now at Pylos, he claimed that within twenty
days he would either bring the Spartans back to Athens alive or would kill them on
the spot. This irresponsible claim caused a certain amount of laughter, though the 15
more intelligent members of his audience were not displeased with it, since they
calculated that they would enjoy an advantage either way; either they would get rid of
Cleon for the future – which was what they rather expected – or, if they were wrong
about this, they would have the Spartans in their power.
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4. 28
(a) What does this passage tell us about how decisions were made in the assembly?
[10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the nature of debate in the assembly?
[20]
(c) On the basis of this passage and other sources you have studied, discuss to what extent
political leaders were able to manipulate the democratic system.
[25]
Section A Total [55]
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Option 1: Athenian Democracy in the 5th century BC
SECTION B – Essays
Answer one question.
Start your answer on a new page.
Marks are awarded for the quality of written communication in your answer.
3
How far were all the inhabitants of Athens involved in the decisions of the Athenian assembly?
In your answer, you should:
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outline the involvement of all the inhabitants of Athens in the assembly;
include what the sources tell us about the extent of their involvement;
evaluate how reliable these sources are.
[45]
4
‘What made the Athenian democracy so extraordinary were the opportunities it offered to even the
poorest citizens.’ How far do you agree with this view?
In your answer, you should:
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outline the range of opportunities offered under the democracy to all citizens, even the poorest;
include what the sources tell us about the extent of opportunities for citizens;
assess the reliability of what the sources say.
[45]
Section B Total [45]
Paper Total [100]
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Option 2: Delian League to Athenian Empire
Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B.
SECTION A – Commentary Questions
Answer one question from this section.
Marks are awarded in parts (b) and (c) of Questions 5 and 6 for the quality of written
communication in your answer.
5
Read the passages and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passages and to
use your own knowledge in your answers.
Siege operations were now carried on vigorously and, as there was also some
treachery from inside, the Melians surrendered unconditionally to the Athenians,
who put to death all the men of military age whom they took, and sold the women
and children as slaves. Melos itself they took over for themselves, sending out later a
colony of 500 men.
5
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5. 116
The Khalkidians are to swear an oath on the following terms: ‘I will not revolt from the
people of Athens by any means or device whatsoever, neither in word nor in deed,
nor will I obey anyone who does revolt, and if anyone revolts I will denounce him to
the Athenians, and I will pay to the Athenians whatever tribute I persuade them to
agree, and I will be the best and fairest ally I am able to be and will help and defend
the Athenian people, in the event of anyone wronging the Athenian people, and I will
obey the Athenian people’.
5
The Khalkis decree, ML 52
[LACTOR 1]
(a) What do these passages tell us about the way Athens treated other states?
[10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the ways other states responded to Athenian
demands?
[20]
(c) On the basis of these passages and other sources you have studied, how far do you agree
that the Athenians were consistent in their treatment of other Greek states?
[25]
© OCR 2013
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Option 2: Delian League to Athenian Empire
Do not answer this question if you have already answered Question 5.
6
Read the passage and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passage and to use
your own knowledge in your answers.
Concerning the allies, and the fact that the Athenians sail out and bring vexatious
charges at will against the good men and hate them – they recognise that the ruler
is necessarily hated by the ruled, and that if the rich and good men in the cities
become powerful, the rule of the common people of Athens will last only a very short
time. This is why they deprive the good men of their citizen rights, take away their
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money, drive them into exile, and execute them, while increasing the power of the
bad. The good men in Athens try to protect the good men in the allied cities, because
they recognise that it is an excellent thing for themselves always to protect the best
men in these cities. Someone might say that this is the basis of Athenian power, if
the allies are able to contribute money. But those sympathetic to the common people 10
think it even more of an excellent thing that each individual Athenian should have the
allies’ money, and that the allies should have just enough to live and work on, while
being unable to plot against them.
The Old Oligarch 1. 14–15
[LACTOR 2]
(a) What does this passage tell us about the attitudes of the Athenians towards their allies? [10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the ways the Athenians influenced allied
states?
[20]
(c) On the basis of this passage and other sources you have studied, how widespread was
hostility towards Athens during the Peloponnesian War?
[25]
Section A Total [55]
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Option 2: Delian League to Athenian Empire
SECTION B – Essays
Answer one question.
Start your answer on a new page.
Marks are awarded for the quality of written communication in your answer.
7
To what extent can we rely upon Thucydides’ account of the relationships between Athens and
other Greek states?
In your answer, you should:
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outline what Thucydides tells us about Athens’ relationships with other Greek states;
include what the other sources tell us about these relationships;
evaluate how reliable Thucydides and the other sources are.
[45]
8
How beneficial was the Athenian Empire for the Greek world?
In your answer, you should:
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outline the positive and negative effects of the Athenian Empire;
include what the sources say about how beneficial the Athenian Empire was;
evaluate the reliability of the sources.
[45]
Section B Total [45]
Paper Total [100]
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Option 3: Politics and society of Ancient Sparta
Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B.
SECTION A – Commentary Questions
Answer one question from this section.
Marks are awarded in parts (b) and (c) of Questions 9 and 10 for the quality of written
communication in your answer.
9
Read the passage and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passage and to use
your own knowledge in your answers.
And this contest seemed to be the greatest in the world and the one most worth
competing for. In it a man was to be chosen not as the swiftest of swift men nor the
strongest of strong ones, but as the best and wisest of the good and wise, who as
a lifelong reward for his merits would have in effect sweeping authority in the state,
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with control over death and loss of citizen rights and the most important matters
generally. The selection was made in the following way. The assembly gathered,
and picked men were shut up in a nearby building where they could neither see
out nor be seen, but could only hear the shouts of those in the assembly. For in this
instance, as in others, it was by shouting that they decided between the competitors.
These were brought in, not all together, but one by one in an order determined by lot, 10
and each walked through the assembly in silence. The men who had been shut up
had writing-tablets, and so in each case they noted the volume of shouting without
knowing the identity of the competitor, except that he was the first brought in, or the
second, or the third, and so on. Whoever was met with the most shouting, and the
loudest, was the man declared elected.
15
Plutarch, Lycurgus 26
(a) What does this passage tell us about the election of members of the gerousia in Sparta? [10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the importance of the assembly in Sparta? [20]
(c) ‘A lifelong reward for his merits’ (line 4). On the basis of this passage and other sources you
have studied, discuss to what extent the Spartan state rewarded merit.
[25]
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Option 3: Politics and society of Ancient Sparta
Do not answer this question if you have already answered Question 9.
10 Read the passages and answer the questions. You are expected to refer to the passages and to
use your own knowledge in your answers.
Now the Spartans had heard the complaints made by their allies against Athens
and also the Athenian reply. They therefore requested all outsiders to leave and
discussed the situation among themselves.
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.79
I know that in the past the Spartans preferred to stay in Sparta in moderate prosperity
rather than expose themselves to the flattery and corruption involved in governing
other cities. In the past they were afraid of being proved to have gold, but there
are those now who even pride themselves on possessing some. In the past the
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purpose of the expulsion of foreigners and the ban on foreign travel was to prevent
citizens from being infected with idleness by foreigners; now I understand that the
apparent leaders of the state are eager to govern foreign cities for the rest of their
lives. There was a time when they worked to be worthy to lead, but now they are far
more interested in ruling than in being worthy of their position. This is the reason
why, whereas formerly the Greeks used to come to the Spartans and ask them for 10
leadership against reputed wrongdoers, now many are encouraging each other to
prevent a revival of Spartan power. There is, however, no cause for surprise that
such reproaches are being cast at them; they obviously do not obey either the gods
or the laws of Lycurgus.
Xenophon, Constitution of the Spartans 14
(a) What do these passages tell us about Sparta’s relationships with other states?
[10]
(b) What can we learn from other sources about the importance of wealth to the Spartans? [20]
(c) On the basis of these passages and other sources you have studied, to what extent do you
agree that the Spartans failed as leaders in the Greek world?
[25]
Section A Total [55]
© OCR 2013
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10
Option 3: Politics and society of Ancient Sparta
SECTION B – Essays
Answer one question.
Start your answer on a new page.
Marks are awarded for the quality of written communication in your answer.
11 How far did the Athenians understand the strengths and weaknesses of Sparta?
In your answer, you should:
•
•
outline briefly what the strengths and weaknesses of Sparta were;
consider what the sources tell us about how the Athenians perceived these strengths and
weaknesses;
• assess the reliability of these sources.
[45]
12 To what extent do the sources help us to understand the contribution of the perioikoi and the
helots to Spartan success?
In your answer, you should:
• outline briefly what the sources tell us about what the perioikoi and the helots did;
• evaluate the reliability of these sources;
• consider the contribution of the perioikoi and the helots to the success of the Spartans.
[45]
Section B Total [45]
Paper Total [100]
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