Download Islam and Muslim Empires

Islam and
Muslim Empires
Essential Question:
What are the major physical
features of the Arabian
Peninsula and what
challenges do they create for
the people living there?
Map of Arabian Pennisula
On your map- label
The following:
*Arabian Peninsula
*An Nafub Desert
*Rub al Khali Desert
*Red Sea
*Arabian Sea
*Persian Gulf
*Hijaz Mountains
*Asir Mountains
1. Geography
Mostly covered in desert
Intense heat
Sandstorms are common
Water found at oases
2. Geography
In the mountains, enough rain falls to
support plants like juniper and olive trees
3. Little water causes problems
Lack of water source for farming
Transportation is difficult
4. So… how do they adapt?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nomads / desert herders
Water comes from oases
Use of camels for travel
Organized themselves into tribes
Trade was very important
Caravans
Irrigation systems for farming
5. Nomads / Desert Herders
•
•
•
•
Called “bedouins”
Went from oasis to oasis to water /
graze their animals (camels, sheep,
goats)
Lived in tents
Ate dried fruit / nuts
6. Villages / Towns
•
•
•
•
Most Arabs lived in
villages / towns
Located near an oasis
Farmed and raised
animals
Merchants travel in
caravans for safety
What would you choose?
•
•
If you were an Arab living in the
Arabian Peninsula, would you
choose the life of a Bedouin, or
would you choose to live in a
village or town?
Complete the handout.
7. Makkah (Mecca)
•
•
•
•
Founded as trade grew
Largest / richest town in Arabia
Religious site
Crossroads for merchants
8. Muhammad (review)
•
•
•
Founder of Islam
Born in Mecca
Wealthy merchant
9. Five Pillars of Islam
•
•
•
•
•
Declaring only one
God
Prayer 5 times a day
Giving to the needy
Fasting during
Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca
How did the religion of
Islam change the
culture and economy
of Makkah?
10. Before Islam
•
•
Polytheistic culture /
economy based on idols
Housed in Kaaba
11. Kaaba
•
•
Low, square building
surrounded by statues
of Gods and
Goddesses
Muhammad and
followers took over
Kaaba and dedicated it
to Allah
12. Shari’ah
•
Moral Code / Religious Law of Islam
13. Women are given rights!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Girls can be educated
Women can refuse prospective husband
Women can divorce in certain cases
Divorced women have rights
Can own / inherit property
Polygamy permissible but discouraged
14. Church and State
(religion and politics)
•
•
•
No separation of church and state
Shari’ah
Islamic State: a government that uses its
power to uphold Islam.
How was Makkah different before and after
Islam?
Complete the venn diagram on the
handout.
Struggles within Islam
•
EQ: How did a
disagreement over
leadership following
Muhammad’s death affect
Islam?
15. After Muhammad’s death
•
•
When Muhammad died, conflict began
over who should be the next caliph
Caliph: successor to the Messenger of
God (Muhammad)
16. Who succeeded Muhammad?
•
•
Abu Baker, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
All had a personal connection to
Muhammad
17. Umayyad caliphs
•
•
•
•
•
660-750 AD
Chose Damascus, Syria for their capital
Muslims entered India and Afghanistan
Lost power in 750 AD because they
angered many Muslims
18. The Split of Islam
•
•
•
Islam split into two groups
Shiites: believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law
should succeed him and that all future caliphs should
be Ali’s descendants
Sunnis: (outnumbered Shiites) accepted the Umayyad
dynasty as the rightful caliphs
19. Abbasid Empire
•
•
•
•
Dynasty after Umayyads
New caliph descendant of Muhammad’s
uncle
Devoted energy to trade, scholarship, and
the arts
Baghdad- new capital
•
20. What is religious
tolerance?
Means to be accepting of someone else’s
religion
EQ: How did
religious tolerance
facilitate the
expansion of the
Muslim Empire?
•
•
•
•
21. Abbasid Empire
Dynasty that came after the Umayyads
Lost power because they angered the
Muslims
Persians felt that Arab Muslims got special
treatment (best jobs, paid fewer taxes)
Built a new capital in Baghdad
22. How did trade play a role in the
expansion of the Muslim Empires
•
•
•
•
When the Muslim Empires expanded,
they spread the Arabic language
Arabic became the language of trade
Muslim rulers provided merchants with
coins
Merchants kept detailed records- this
practice eventually turned into “banking”
23. Cultural Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
Algebra
Numbers 0-9 are “Arabic numerals”
Founders of chemistry
Blood circulation
Spread of diseases
Astrolabe
24. Taj Mahal
•
•
•
Built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife
Made of marble and precious stone
Took 20 years to build