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APWH Take-Home Exam (01/2011)
Chp. 15, 16, 17, 18
DIRECTIONS:
1. Use the correct test form based on your last name.
2. Your completed answer document is due BEFORE school starts the day it is due.
3. If you choose to be absent you will take an alternate form of this test during the school day
(i.e. a normal, timed, Scantron version of this test along with the free-response portion.).
1. The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when
[A] the war between Irish Catholics and Protestants ended.
[B] war broke out between Sweden and England over control of the North Sea.
[C] the Catholic monarchy was restored to Spain.
[D] the monarch refused to share power with the Parliament.
[E] the Protestant heir to the throne, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, were
married.
2. An early motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration was to
[A] expand Christianity to the Muslim world.
[B] find rare raw materials on Madagasacar.
[C] end political dissent.
[D] gain access to the sub-Saharan gold trade.
[E] discover the “New World”.
3. What was the most deadly of the epidemics in the Americas?
[A] cholera
[B] syphilis
[C] smallpox
[D] measles
[E] influenza
4. Spanish capture of the Aztec capital was assisted by
[A] a large fleet of ships.
[B] propaganda.
[C] overwhelming numbers of Spaniards.
[D] large numbers of cavalry.
[E] disease.
5. King Henry VIII of England severed his bond to the Catholic Church when
[A] the pope refused to grant him a papal annulment of his marriage to Catherine of
Aragon.
[B] the election of 1532 placed Protestants in public offices.
[C] public demonstrations in Ireland turned violent.
[D] there was a public outcry against Catholic doctrine.
[E] Martin Luther visited England.
6. In the 17th century Caribbean, indentured servants cost _________ as slaves.
[A] half as much
[B] one-third as much
[C] twice as much
[D] approximately the same
[E] four times as much
7. Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because he
[A] financed several voyages to the Americas.
[B] allied with Spain to discover routes to the Americas.
[C] devoted his reign to promoting exploration.
[D] designed the compass.
[E] was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope.
8. The most important agent for transmitting European beliefs, language, and culture in
Spanish America and Brazil was the
[A] the Iroquois Confederacy.
[B] plantation system.
[C] Spanish and Portuguese governments.
[D] Council of the Indies.
[E] Catholic Church.
9. Sugar cane was first grown in the West Indies by Spanish colonists shortly after 1500, but
after 1600
[A] the sugar cane blight severely hindered production.
[B] Southern colonies of North America became the preferred region to grow sugar cane.
[C] natural disaster destroyed plantations.
[D] the English and French grew tobacco there.
[E] several slave uprisings significantly slowed production.
10. The Chinese treasure ships of Zheng He carried
[A] salted fish.
[B] balsa wood for buoyancy.
[C] soldiers to fight the Japanese pirates in the Sea of Japan.
[D] silks, metals, and other valuable goods as gifts for distant rulers.
[E] people and animals as settlers for farflung colonies.
11. Mercantilism is
[A] the recognition by the state that all individuals have economic rights.
[B] another name for capitalism.
[C] a government policy that protects trade and demands the accumulation of gold and
silver.
[D] the belief in a completely free market economy.
[E] the political doctrine that only people who produce economic wealth may vote.
12. What evidence supports the belief that eastern Pacific islands were settled as a result of
planned expeditions by Polynesian mariners?
[A] Accidental voyages couldn’t have brought enough people to found a new colony.
[B] The languages are related to the languages of the western Pacific and Malaysia.
[C] The plants and domesticated animals found were common to other Polynesian islands.
[D] The 1976 voyage of the Hokulea.
[E] All of these
13. The term Columbian Exchange refers to
[A] the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old
Worlds.
[B] the monetary exchange rate between the New and Old Worlds.
[C] the Columbian pharmaceutical trade.
[D] products from the nation of Columbia.
[E] the first stock market in the New World.
14. Sailing in the Indian Ocean was less difficult and dangerous than other places because
[A] there are no sharks.
[B] there was less wind.
[C] it isn’t an ocean, but rather a large salt water lake.
[D] the monsoon winds were predictable.
[E] it was shallow.
15. In French Canada, Jesuits efforts to convert the native peoples to led to the
[A] Amerindians being pushed to Puritanism.
[B] founding of schools, hospitals, and churches.
[C] battle of Montreal.
[D] increased wealth of the Catholic church.
[E] expulsion of the Jesuits by the Iroquois Confederacy.
16. Which of the following is not one way that slaves expressed their resistance to the colonial
masters in Latin America ?
[A] running away.
[B] faking or exaggerating illness.
[D] forming underground armies.
[C] sabotage.
[E] rebellion.
17. Why was mortality on Atlantic slave ships high?
[A] suicide
[B] abuse
[C] execution
[D] disease
[E] all of these
18. What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world
history?
[A] Portugal and Spain
[B] Portugal and Mali
[C] West African and Arab merchants
[D] England and France
[E] China and India
19. The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be
explained by
[A] non-earthly, hemispheric changes.
[B] observed natural causes.
[C] only geologic changes.
[D] educated guesses and hypothoses.
[E] the will of God.
20. The forced labor system where the male Amerindian population worked six months of the
year in the mines was
[A] the mita.
[B] the chinampa system.
[D] the khipu.
[E] the ma’at.
[C] indentured servitude.
21. The motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion were primarily
[A] religious.
[B] economic.
[C] political.
[D] intellectual.
[E] All of these
22. The first financial return from the Portuguese voyages came from
[A] the spice trade.
[B] the gold trade.
[D] the slave trade.
[E] the silver trade.
[C] the silk trade.
23. The English Navigation Acts in the 1660s were meant to
[A] encourage free trade.
[B] put a tariff on English goods.
[C] confine trade to English ships and cargoes.
[D] restrict the English slave trade.
[E] restrict the English shipping industry.
24. Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He?
[A] The government believed that little could be gained by exploring.
[B] The unpredict
25. The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was
[A] of little impact on the African and Asian mainlands.
[B] that they charged a lower price for pepper than Venice or Genoa.
[C] that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to Europe.
[D] considerable Portuguese profit.
[E] All of these
26. How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?
[A] by enforcing high taxes on Jews and Muslims
[B] by warring with countries with large treasuries
[C] by stealing the art treasures of the lands they conquered
[D] by making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecting markets overseas
[E] all of these
27. In response to the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms were enacted, such as
[A] instituting dietary restrictions to symbolize purity.
[B] allowing priests and nuns to marry.
[C] reforming the education of the clergy.
[D] using the vernacular during mass.
[E] mandating poverty for the Catholic institution.
28. Bourgeoisie means
[A] clergy.
[B] nobility.
[D] lower middle class.
[E] wealthy urban class.
[C] royalty.
29. The slave trade in West Africa was controlled by what source?
[A] a guild of European merchants.
[B] long-standing Muslim traditions.
[C] monopolies held by African kings.
[D] the Portuguese outposts in West Africa.
[E] missionaries connected to the slave trade.
30. The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the early Middle Ages were
[A] Polynesians.
[B] Chinese.
[C] Portuguese.
[D] Genoese.
[E] Vikings.
31. The French and Indian War resulted in the
[A] French losing Canada to the English.
[B] French losing Louisiana to Spain.
[C] Spanish losing Cuba to the English.
[D] Spanish losing Florida to the French.
[E] both a and b
32. To promote his ideas, Luther used
[A] friars, monks and nuns.
[B] pamplets distributed to local pesants.
[C] the printing press.
[D] the pulpit.
[E] large groups of Christians migrating across Europe.
33. John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by
[A] predestination.
[B] faith.
[D] the Pope.
[E] good works.
[C] good thoughts.
34. How did the rise of Medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?
[A] The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
[B] The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
[C] They actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
[D] Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
[E] All of these
35. The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was
[A] Tycho Brahe.
[B] Hypocrates.
[D] Henry the Navigator.
[E] Isaac Newton.
[C] Galileo.
36. In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German
princes to choose
[A] Islam or Christianity.
[B] Catholicism or Calvinism.
[C] Calvinism or Lutheranism.
[D] the religion they preferred.
[E] Catholicism or Lutheranism.
37. Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified
their states by
[A] marrying their daughters to princes from other kingdoms.
[B] building castles with large fortifications.
[C] instituting mercantile economic policies.
[D] using Ottoman mercenaries.
[E] limiting the power of the church and the nobility.
38. The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was
[A] the Spanish Empire was a “intellectual” empire only.
[B] Spanish Empire was a trading empire while the Portuguese Empire was a territorial
empire.
[C] Spanish Empire was a territorial empire while the Portuguese Empire was a trading
empire.
[D] the motives of the Portuguese Empire were economic only.
[E] the motives of the Spanish were religious only.
39. The two initial groups of Protestant dissenters that colonized New England were
[A] Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
[B] Shakers and Mormons.
[C] Quakers and Shakers.
[E] Questers and Seekers.
[D] Puritans and Pilgrims.
40. In order to make tobacco trade profitable, European governments used chartered companies,
[A] companies of wealthy missionaries and religious societies.
[B] which increased fierce competition.
[C] maritime manufacturers of ships and sails.
[D] groups of investors in the slave trade.
[E] private investors with trade monopolies in colonies.
41. By the end of the sixteenth century, what country occupied most of the Brazilian coast?
[A] Spain
[B] Portugal
[C] France
[D] England
[E] Austria
42. Plantation slaves were motivated to work hard
[A] because they were promised manumisson.
[B] to earn a job as a driver.
[C] because they were rewarded with extra food.
[D] to escape harsh treatment.
[E] because they were promised time off.
43. Most of the commercial shipping in the world in the seventeenth century was conducted by
the
[A] English.
[B] Portuguese.
[D] Dutch.
[E] Indian Ocean traders.
[C] Spanish.
44. Most slaves taken from Africa were
[A] kidnapped.
[B] prisoners of war.
[D] Muslim.
[E] criminals.
[C] political opponents.
45. What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation?
[A] potatoes and corn
[B] manioc and maize
[D] sugar cane and tomatoes
[C] cassava and rice
[E] wheat and millet
46. Both Muslims and Europeans obtained slaves from sub-Saharan Africa but
[A] the Islamic trade was much smaller.
[B] the European trade was much smaller.
[C] both of them ended soon after they began.
[D] Africans refused to deal with European traders.
[E] Africans refused to deal with Muslim traders.
47. The powerful African kingdom Benin of West Africa limited their contact with the
Portuguese by
[A] only using specific (selected) trade ports.
[B] closing the market in male slaves.
[C] declining offers to receive missionaries.
[D] All of these
[E] None of these
48. The English Navigation Acts sought to
[A] rechart the waters off the coast of the North America.
[B] limit colonial trading and production competition.
[C] prevent the importation of slaves on slave ships.
[D] ban importation of the printing press to America.
[E] limit the colonial manufacture of ships.
49. Why didn’t the Italian states take a lead in exploring the Atlantic?
[A] Italy lacked warm water access and seafaring technology.
[B] The ships of the Mediterranean were ill suited to the Atlantic.
[C] The trading states of Venice and Genoa preferred a system of alliances with the
Muslims.
[D] Both a and b
[E] Both b and c
50. How did the English and French American colonies differ from the Spanish and Portuguese
American colonies?
[A] The English and French developed colonies through the efforts of private companies.
51. Which of the following is not one way that the Amerindian population reacted to the
colonial economy?
[A] Amerindian hunting and gathering and agricultural practices were disrupted.
[B] The natural balance of plants and animals was disrupted.
[C] They eventually grew wealthy from this contact.
[D] They became dependent on European goods.
[E] They provided furs and deerskins to European traders.
52. Two important navigational technologies, the magnetic compass and the astrolabe
[A] were invented by Henry the Navigator.
[B] were first used by Columbus.
[C] were first brought to Europe through I.O.M.S.
[D] were used by Viking mariners.
[E] were of Chinese, Arab and Greek origin.
53. In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discover while attempting to find a favorable wind
around Africa?
[A] The opening to the Amazon River.
[B] The east coast of South America.
[C] The east coast of North America.
[D] A direct route to China.
[E] The Strait of Malacca.
54. English political philosopher John Locke asserted that if the monarch
[A] ruled absolutely without controls, harmony would ensue.
[B] was elected by the people, he could rule forever.
[C] ruled with morality, society would be moral as well.
[D] fed the people, the people should be loyal.
[E] abused his or her power, the people had a duty to rebel.
55. As a result of the European colonization, the Arawak and Carib
[A] became nearly extinct from abuse and disease.
[B] were protected by the Catholic Church.
[C] were pitted against each other in war of attrition.
[D] fought for citizenship rights.
[E] given opportunities for indentured servitude.
56. Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in
[A] empowering ordained clergy.
[B] simplifying religious rituals.
[C] insisting on loyalty to the John Calvin.
[D] encouraging social rebellion.
[E] diminishing the role of the church as a meeting place.
57. The Council of the Indies was created in Spain in 1524 to
[A] prevent competition from other European nations.
[B] create a need to raise armies against Amerindians.
[C] support Spanish settlers.
[D] put royal power in place over the population.
[E] provide relief efforts to exploited Amerindians.
58. The economic development of the colonies in Mexico and Peru was dominated by
[A] gold mining and indigo plantations.
[B] silver mining and cattle ranching.
[C] rice plantations and gold mining.
[D] diamond mining and sugar plantations.
[E] silver mining and sugar plantations.
59. The Middle Atlantic region was first settled by the
[A] English.
[B] Spanish.
[C] French.
[D] Dutch.
[E] Irish.
60. Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed
that
[A] men were less evil than women ... but still capable of evil. And breaking girls’ hearts.
[B] women were often considered evil.
[C] only females had the potential to engage in witchcraft.
[D] witches were believed to live within society.
[E] women who lived without male authority were susceptible to evil.
61. European governments chartered joint stock companies, which
[A] had a monopoly on overseas trade.
[B] claimed sole power over religious doctrine.
[C] rivaled the emperor in military might.
[D] were politically autonomous from government control.
[E] all of these
62. The cultivation and production of sugar cane can best be described as
[A] requiring farm as well as factory production methods.
[B] requiring farm methods only.
[C] requiring little labor and high amounts of technology.
[D] simple and inexpensive.
[E] factory methods only.
63. The Portuguese focus in the eastern Indian Ocean was on
[A] Aden.
[B] Hong Kong.
[C] Southeast Asia.
[D] Calicut.
[E] Malacca.
64. Africans trading slaves with Europeans most often preferred to receive in return
[A] gold and ivory.
[B] guns and textiles.
[D] silk and porcelain.
[E] rum and horses.
[C] trinkets and blankets.
65. Which of the following does not describe the Dutch West India Company?
[A] It was a private trading company.
[B] It was never very profitable.
[C] It paid stockholders huge dividends.
[D] It seized sugar producing areas in Brazil.
[E] It shipped slaves to Brazil.
66. In colonial societies, Amerindian religious beliefs
[A] superseded Christianity as the settlers adopted Amerindian beliefs.
[B] did not change because most Amerindian societies were atheistic.
[C] were destroyed and never were practiced again.
[D] survived beneath the surface of imposed Christianity.
[E] none of these
67. An encomienda was
[A] a plantation for growing sugar.
[B] a form of forced labor and tribute.
[C] an agreement with Amerindians.
[D] a plantation for mining precious metals.
[E] a disease of the lower intestine.
68. The advantage of the caravel was that it was
[A] maneuverable.
[B] strong.
[D] fast.
[E] All of these
[C] a good fighting ship.
69. Seventeenth-century sugar plantations of Brazil depended on
[A] slave labor.
[B] improved sugar harvesting techniques.
[C] government subsidies.
[D] indentured workers.
[E] the mita.
70. Most slaves died of
[A] poor nutrition.
[B] disease.
[C] accident.
[D] abuse.
[E] overwork.
71. Unlike other places in the world, marriage patterns in early modern Europe reflected
[A] a high rate of infant mortality.
[B] marrying younger and having smaller families.
[C] A celibate religious lifestyle.
[D] a freer choice of one’s marriage partner.
[E] marrying younger and having larger families.
72. Which of the following is not one way that Massachusetts colonies were different from the
Chesapeake and South Carolina colonies?
[A] Massachusetts had a great division between the rich and the poor.
[B] Massachusetts didn’t have the soil to support cash crops.
[C] Massachusetts was based on families of settlers, not individual settlers.
[D] Massachusetts used smaller numbers of forced labor.
[E] Massachusetts was more homogenous and less hierarchal.
73. Which of the following is NOT true of African encounters with the Portuguese before
1550?
[A] The Portuguese wanted to convert the Africans to Christianity.
[B] The Portuguese sent military aid to Ethiopia.
[C] Various Europeans were a major presence in most of Africa.
[D] the Portuguese fleet had bombed and looted most of the coastal cities of Eastern
Africa.
[E] The encounters varied considerably.
74. Which of the following is a reason for Iberian overseas exploration?
[A] Christian pacifism
[B] Center of Renaissance learning
[C] They already had the major share of Mediterranean trade.
[D] Longstanding Muslim alliances
[E] None of these
75. The French settlement in America resembled Spanish and Portuguese colonies in that they
both wanted to
[A] protect the environment while preserving Amerindian culture.
[B] extract resources and convert the population to Christianity.
[C] free the Amerindians from their oppresive rulers.
[D] draft Amerindians for military service.
[E] None of these. The French actually resembled the English more than they did either
the Spanish or the Portuguese.
76. In the eighteenth century, what was the major source of slaves in the interior of the Bight of
Biafra?
[A] prisoners of war
[B] criminals
[D] children sold into slavery by parents
[C] kidnapping
[E] all of these