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Download The Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Star Data Table
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Name:____________________________________ Date: _______________ Block: _______________ The Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and American astronomer Henry Russell discovered a relationship between the brightness of a star and the surface temperature of a star. The graph of a star’s absolute magnitude versus its temperature is called an HR Diagram . The HR Diagram allows astronomers to study how stars, including our sun, change over time. DIRECTIONS: Use the graph below to plot the required data for all of the stars on the star data table. Plot absolute magnitude (yaxis) versus temperature (xaxis). For each star, place the star’s name on the graph next to the place where it is plotted. Star Data Table Star Sun Spica Sirius B Aldebaran Betelgeuse Proxima Centuari 1 Absolute Magnitude +5 3 +12 0.7 5.5 +15 Apparent Magnitude 26.5 +1 +8 +0.9 +0.8 +11 Temperature Distance (in degrees K) (in Light Years) 6,000 20,000 7,000 4,500 3,300 3,000 220 8.6 68 650 4.2 NEXT : color the HR Diagram with vertical bars of color to indicate the temperatures of the stars. Using the following colors to represent the following temperature ranges: Red: Orange: YellowOrange: Yellow: White: Blue – White: Blue: 0 temperatures less than 3,000 K 0 0 temperatures between 3,000 K and 4,500 K 0 0 temperatures between 4,500 K and 6,000 K 0 0 temperatures between 6,000 K and 7,500 K 0 0 temperatures between 7,500 K and 10,000 K 0 0 temperatures between 10,000 K and 20,000 K 0 temperatures greater than 20,000 K QUESTIONS ON THE HR DIAGRAM 1. What is the color of the stars on the diagram that have the highest surface temperature? _____________________ 2. What is the color of the stars on the diagram that have the lowest surface temperature? _____________________ 3. List the colors of the stars from the color of the hottest star to the color of the coolest star. Hottest _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Coldest _____________________ 4. Most of the stars shown on the diagram are classified as which type of star? (hint: red giant, main sequence, white dwarf) _____________________ 5. Our Sun is classified as which type of star? _____________________ 6. How is it possible for white dwarfs to have a lower luminosity than the Sun even though they are hotter than the Sun? 7. What is the type and the color of the stars with both the highest surface temperature and the highest luminosity ? 2 Color _____________________ Type _____________________ 8. Betelgeuse is not very bright in the sky, but has a really large absolute magnitude. Why do you think this is? Find at least 2 reasons! 9. Stars evolve and change over time. What is something else on Earth that changes over time? Describe the similarities and differences! On the HR Diagram below, plot the life cycle of our Sun using the following table: Life Cycle Stage Protostar Main Sequence Red Giant Planetary Nebula White Dwarf Temperature (Kelvin) 3000 6000 4000 10,000 8000 Absolute Magnitude 0.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 13.0 10. Describe, in your own words what will happen to our Sun as it goes through its lifespan. Include information on its mass, luminosity, and temperature at each stage in its life. 11. What do you think is the most important thing you have learned today? 3