Download The Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Star Data Table

Name:____________________________________ Date: _______________ Block: _______________ The Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and American astronomer Henry Russell discovered a relationship between the ​
brightness of a star​
and the ​
surface temperature ​
of a star. The graph of a star’s absolute magnitude versus its temperature is called an ​
H­R Diagram​
. The H­R Diagram allows astronomers to study how stars, including our sun, change over time. DIRECTIONS: ​
Use the graph below to plot the required data for all of the stars on the star data table. Plot ​
absolute magnitude​
(y­axis) versus ​
temperature​
(x­axis). For each star, place the star’s name on the graph next to the place where it is plotted. Star Data Table Star Sun Spica Sirius B Aldebaran Betelgeuse Proxima Centuari 1 Absolute Magnitude +5 ­3 +12 ­0.7 ­5.5 +15 Apparent Magnitude ­26.5 +1 +8 +0.9 +0.8 +11 Temperature Distance (in degrees K) (in Light Years) 6,000 20,000 7,000 4,500 3,300 3,000 ­­ 220 8.6 68 650 4.2 NEXT​
: color the H­R Diagram with vertical bars of color to indicate the temperatures of the stars. Using the following colors to represent the following temperature ranges: Red:
Orange:
Yellow­Orange:
Yellow:
White:
Blue – White:
Blue:
0​
temperatures less than 3,000 ​
K 0​
0​
temperatures between 3,000 ​
K and 4,500 ​
K 0​
0​
temperatures between 4,500 ​
K and 6,000 ​
K 0​
0​
temperatures between 6,000 ​
K and 7,500 ​
K 0​
0​
temperatures between 7,500 ​
K and 10,000 ​
K 0​
0​
temperatures between 10,000 ​
K and 20,000 ​
K 0​
temperatures greater than 20,000 ​
K QUESTIONS ON THE H­R DIAGRAM 1. What is the color of the stars on the diagram that have the highest​
surface temperature?
_____________________ 2. What is the color of the stars on the diagram that have the lowest​
surface temperature?
_____________________ 3. List the colors of the stars from the color of the hottest star to the color of the coolest star. Hottest _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Coldest _____________________ 4. Most of the stars shown on the diagram are classified as which type of star? (hint: red giant, main sequence, white dwarf)
_____________________ 5. Our Sun is classified as which type of star?
_____________________ 6. How is it possible for white dwarfs to have a lower luminosity than the Sun even though they are hotter than the Sun? 7. What is the type and the color of the stars with both the highest surface temperature​
and the ​
highest luminosity​
?
2 Color _____________________ Type _____________________ 8. Betelgeuse is not very bright in the sky, but has a really large absolute magnitude. Why do you think this is? Find at least 2 reasons! 9. Stars evolve and change over time. What is something else on Earth that changes over time? Describe the similarities and differences! On the H­R Diagram below, plot the life cycle of our Sun using the following table: Life Cycle Stage Protostar Main Sequence Red Giant Planetary Nebula White Dwarf Temperature (Kelvin) 3000 6000 4000 10,000 8000 Absolute Magnitude 0.5 5.0 ­5.0 ­5.0 13.0 10. Describe, ​
in your own words​
what will happen to our Sun as it goes through its lifespan. Include information on its ​
mass, luminosity, and temperature​
at each stage in its life. 11. What do you think is the most important thing you have learned today? 3