Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Introduction to Meteorology – Exam 1 (KEY) (For 10th grade – elective science course) The test has 3 sections: short answer, multiple-choice, and matching vocabulary. You have 45 minutes to complete exam. Points: Point value in parenthesis next to each question. Partial credit: There is a possibility of earning partial credit with the short answer and multiple-choice questions. With short answer questions, if you answer some of the question but not all of it you may receive partial credit. Multiple-choice tests will be more challenging to earn partial credit. If you come to a multiple-choice question and are deciding between two and pick your answer but do not think that is the correct answer you can write out your reasoning next to the question. This may receive partial credit. I reserve the right award partial credit or not. Short Answer Questions: Meteorology is the study of? (1): scientific study of the atmosphere. What is the difference between la Niña and el Niño (1)? What are their different effects (2)? El Niño usually occurs in warm water in the Pacific Ocean. La Niña also occurs in the Pacific Ocean but usually in cold water. Effects of El Niño: severe rain and drought. Effects of la Niña: severe winters and hurricanes. Give the 3 formulas used in converting temperature (3): K = C + 273 C = (F – 32)/1.8 F = (C x 9/5) + 32 What is the source of energy responsible for atmospheric and oceanic motion (1)? The sun What is Albedo (1)? The fraction of energy reflected by a surface compared to the amount incident on the surface. Multiple Choice Questions: All Questions in this section are worth 1 point. 1. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere by volume is _________. This gas comprises 78% of the Earth atmosphere by volume. a. Oxygen c. Carbon Dioxide b. Argon d. Nitrogen 2. An isobar is a line of constant ________________. a. Pressure c. Temperature b. Density d. Dewpoint 3. The seasons of Spring, Summer, Winter, and Fall are a direct result of which phenomenon? a. The sun's energy output and the Earth's proximity to the sun b. Shifting of ocean currents c. The 23.5 ° tilt of the Earth from vertical d. The jet stream 4. ________________ refers to the horizontal transport of air while _______________ is the vertical transport of air. a. Advection, convection b. Convection, advection 5. Which of the following has the highest albedo and thus more reflected solar radiation? a. Fresh snow c. Water b. Grass d. Blacktop 6. Water has a ___________ heat capacity. This means a large amount of energy is needed to raise the temperature of water relative to other substances. a. Low b. High 7. A one degree temperature change on the Fahrenheit scale is equal a _______________ degree change on the Celsius scale. a. 0.56 c. 1.8 b. 0.90 d. 3.6 8. Which of the following reasons explains why the stratosphere is absolutely stable. a. Air temperatures are too cold b. Air pressure is too low c. The absorption of radiant energy by ozone d. The wind speed is too strong 9. The two weather disasters that result in the greatest loss of life are: a. Floods and Lightning c. Floods and Hurricanes b. Hurricanes and Tornadoes d. Lightning and Droughts 10. Minimum tropical storm force wind is ________________ miles per hour while the minimum hurricane force wind is _______________ miles per hour. a. 50; 100 c. 39; 74 b. 25; 50 d. 44; 69 11. In MOST cloud to ground lightning strikes, the ground tends to be _______________ charged. a. Positively b. Negatively 12. Thunder travels at the speed of sound which is nearest to: a. 10 miles per hour b. 5 miles per second c. 1 mile every 5 seconds d. 3 * 10^8 meter per second 13. The primary moisture source for severe thunderstorms in the Great Plains originates from the: a. Jet stream b. Mexican plateau and Rocky Mountains c. Pacific Ocean d. Gulf of Mexico 14. Which of the following is a diabatic process as compared to an adiabatic process? a. Convection b. Orographic lifting c. Radiational heating or cooling d. Rising air due to PBL convergence 15. Climate is a function of: a. Latitude b. Altitude c. Continentality d. Ocean currents e. All of the above 16. Which of the following is NOT a high latitude climate? a. Polar c. Tundra b. Tropical wet and dry d. Taiga 17. The word MONSOON as it applies to climatology refers to: a. Very heavy rain b. The intensification of the polar jet c. A seasonal reversal in wind direction and pressure distribution d. A cyclone or typhoon with winds over 100 miles per hour 18. When comparing the moisture content in the air between two locations it is best to use? a. The dewpoint c. The wet bulb temperature b. Relative humidity d. The dry bulb temperature 19. Why are thunderstorms less common in California than Florida? a. The directional shear is smaller throughout the year in California b. Fronts do not move through California except in the Summer. Florida has fronts year round. c. Florida has warmer ocean waters surrounding it. This results in higher dewpoints, instability and thus more thunderstorms. d. The jet stream is stronger over Florida 20. What is vorticity? a. It is the theoretical value of upward vertical velocity b. It is the temperature gradient across a trough axis c. It is the air pressure at 700 millibars d. It is cyclonic or anticyclonic rotation which can be used to assess upper level divergence 21. When there is a balance between the upward pressure gradient force and the downward force of gravity, the atmosphere is said to be in ______________ balance. a. Geostrophic c. Baroclinic b. Hydrostatic d. Hypsometric 22. As an object emits sound or light and moves TOWARD you, the frequency of the sound or radiation will be _______________ relative to you than the moving object. This is the Doppler effect. a. Higher b. Lower 23. Why does snow tend to have a smaller overall reflectivity as compared to rain? a. The snow is more dense and smaller b. The snow falls at a lower velocity and has a high albedo c. The snow has a lower moisture content and ice generally has a lower reflectivity d. Snow is colder and does not fall straight down 24. Cloud texture such as shadows and lumpiness are best seen on ____________ imagery. a. Water vapor c. Ultaviolet b. Infrared d. Visible 25. Define V-notch: a. A fanning of clouds downstream from the burst point of convective thunderstorms b. A region of low reflectivity created by an intense updraft c. The coldest cloud tops associated with an MCC d. The cloud intersection between a warm front and cold front 26. The smallest element on a satellite image is called a(n): a. Range gate c. Square b. Atom d. Pixel 27. Which imagery uses enhancements to display important temperature details of thunderstorms and hurricanes? a. Visible imagery c. Water vapor imagery b. Infrared imagery d. Y2K imagery 28. A(n) ___________ surface such as rock does not allow light to penetrate while a __________ surface does allow some light to transmit. a. Opaque, transluscent b. Transluscent, Opaque 29. The term "elevated convection" refers to: a. Slanted convection such as in association with supercell thunderstorms b. It is another term for an overshooting top c. It is convection that has an origin above the planetary boundary layer d. Orographically induced precipitation on windward mountain slopes 30. The dewpoint is greater than the temperature: a. When the relative humidity is 100% b. When clouds form c. When it is raining d. Never 31. Define parallax: a. A thin line of convective clouds that forms along the leading edge of a weakening cold front b. The apparent displacement of a cloud due to the viewing angle of the satellite sensor c. The point where the sun's most direct rays strike the Earth d. The maximum upward displacement of a wave Matching section: _____ Global warming (j) a. Falling of acids into the atmosphere _____ Fossil fuels (f) b. The lower part of Earth’s atmosphere where weather takes place. _____ Stratosphere (d) c. Pollution from industries _____ Greenhouse effect (g) d. Where atmospheric warming takes place with increases in altitude. _____ Consumption (i) e. In charge of protecting the ozone layer _____ Troposphere (b) f. Formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago _____ Ozone (h) g. The process of gages being trapped inside the Earth’s atmosphere (causing Earth to become warmer than it would be naturally). _____ Clear Air Acts (e) h. Protects Earth from UV rays _____ Industrial Smog (c) i. The amount of resources we use _____ Acid Deposition (a) j. Gradual increase of Earth’s atmosphere