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Final Review Worksheet
14. What is diurnal range?
Depending on __TEMPERATURE, different objects
CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE OVER THE COURSE OF
emit different amounts of radiation.
THE DAY
2.
The amount of solar radiation received at Earths’
surface is dependent on what?
LATITUDE
3.
The amount of terrestrial radiation emitted from
Earth’s surface is dependent on what?
TEMPERATURE
4.
Where is there a net warming on Earth? Why?
THE EQUATOR BECAUSE THERE IS A SURPLUS OF
ENERGY.
5.
Where is there a net cooling on Earth? Why?
THE POLES BECAUSE THERE IS A DEFICIANT
AMOUNT OF ENERGY
6.
What does wind do for the Earth?
BALANCES THE ENERGY OF THE PLANET
7.
What kind of gas blocks UV radiation from reaching
the surface of Earth?
OZONE
8.
What are the 2 major greenhouse gasses in our
atmosphere? What do they do that causes the
greenhouse effect?
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR. THEY
ABSORB IR(INFRARED) RADIATION
9.
What is the greenhouse effect?
THE WARMING OF THE EARTH DUE TO GASSES
ABSORBING IR RADIATION
10. What are the 5 things that control temperature
annually?
-TILT OF THE EARTH
-LATITUDE
-ALTITUDE
-PROXIMITY TO WATER
-OCEAN CURRENTS
15. What is the relationship between latitude and
temperature?
THE HIGHER THE LATITUDE (I.E. THE CLOSER TO
THE POLES) THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE
16. What is the relationship between altitude and
temperature?
THE HIGHER THE ALTITUDE, THE LOWER THE
TEMPERATURE
17. What happens to your seasonality when you are close
to water? Why?
IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE WATER REGULATES THE
TEMPERATURE (IT MAKES IT WARMER IN THE
WINTER AND COOLER IN THE SUMMER)
18. What happens to your diurnal range when you are
close to water? Why?
IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE WATER REGULATES THE
TEMPERATURE (IT MAKES IT WARMER IN THE
WINTER AND COOLER IN THE SUMMER)
19. What happens to your diurnal range when it is cloudy?
Why?
IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE CLOUDS BLOCK HEAT
(THEY MAKE IT WARMER AT NIGHT AND COOLER
DURING THE DAY)
20. What is the most abundant gas in the earth’s
atmosphere?
NITROGEN
21. Which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer in?
STRATOSPHERE
22. Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?
TROPOSPHERE
23. Which layer does all weather take place in?
TROPOSPHERE
11. What are the 2 things that control daily temperatures?
-PROXIMITY TO WATER
-CLOUD COVER
24. What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere?
TROPOSPHERE, STRATOSPHERE, MESOSPHERE,
THERMOSPHERE, EXOSPHERE
12. What causes seasonal variation on Earth (2 things)?
TILT OF THE EARTH AND THE FACT THAT WE
REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN
25. Name and define each of the 3 measures the amount of
water vapor there is in the air.
WATER VAPOR: PRESSURE OF THE WATER VAPOR
ONLY
DEWPOINT: TEMPERATURE AT WHICH
SATURATION OCCURES
RELATIVE HUMIDITY (RH): RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND DEWPOINT
13. What is seasonality?
CHANGE IN TEMERATURE OVER THE COURSE OF
THE YEAR
26. Which one tells you how humid it is?
DEWPOINT
27. When condensation occurs, an air parcel is considered
to be __SATURATED________________________.
28. The farther the dewpoint is below the air temperature,
the _LOWER___ the RH, and
_THE LESS LIKELY_ it is that clouds will form.
39. What kind of weather will you get on the leading edge
of a cold front?
THUNDERSTORMS
40. What kind of weather will you get on the leading edge
of a warm front?
STEADY RAIN
41. Draw and label every part of a mid-latitude cyclone.
29. What 2 things happen to an air parcel with it rises?
IT EXPANDS AND COOLS
30. What does DALR stand for? And what it is?
(numerically)
DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE. -5.50/1000FT
31. As long as the rising parcel is WARMER____ than the
surrounding air parcels at a given altitude, the parcel
with continues to rise. If the parcel becomes
_COOLER______________ ,it
will sink.
32. The atmosphere is (stable/unstable) when the
atmospheric lapse rate exceeds the DALR.
33. A steep atmospheric lapse rate the entire way up will
yield what type of clouds?
CUMULONIMBUS
a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable).
34. A steep lapse rate near the ground and a weak lapse
rate aloft will yield what type of cloud?
CUMULUS
a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable).
35. A weak lapse rate will yield what type of cloud?
STRATUS
a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable).
36. How can you determine where the cloud base is? Top?
BASE: WHEN THE RISING AIR EQUALS THE DEW
POINT
TOP: WHEN THE RISING AIR EQUALS THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
37. What 2 types of clouds are make completely of ice
crystals?
CONTRAILS AND CIRRUS
38. Describe the atmospheric profile for each of the 4
main types of precipitation.
42. What 2 things must you have in order for a
thunderstorm to develop?
RISING AIR AND SUFFICIENT MOISTURE
43. What 3 things can cause air parcels to rise?
UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE; MOUNTAINS; FRONTS
44. What are the 2 ways you can generate an unstable
atmosphere?
COOLING ALOFT; DAYTIME HEATING
45. What are the 2 types of thunderstorms?
AIR MASS AND SEVERE
46. List and describe the 3 stages of an air-mass
thunderstorm.
DEVELOPING: UPDRAFTS CAUSE CLOUDS TO
GROW
MATURE: UPDRAFTS EQUAL DOWNDRAFTS,
HEAVY RAIN, THUNDER, LIGHTNING
DISSIPATING: DOWNDRAFTS CHOKE UPDRAFTS
47. What 3 things do you need for a severe thunderstorm
to develop?
DEWPOINT GREATER THAN 650
EXTREMELY UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE
VERTICLE WIND SHEER
48. What are the 2 types of severe thunderstorms?
SQUALL LINE AND SUPERCELL
49. Define each one.
SQUALL LINE: ORGANIZED LINE OF
THUNDERSTORMS CAUSED BY A COLD FRONT
SUPERCELL: INDIVIDUAL, ROTATING, SELFSUSTAINGING BEAST
50. List and describe the 5 stages to tornado formation.
SUPERCELL: THE PARENT THUNDERSTORM
MESOCYCLONE: BROAD, COUNTERCLOCKWISE
ROTATION WITHIN THE SUPERCELL
WALL CLOUD: A 3 MILE WIDE ROTATION IN LOWHANGING CLOUDS
FUNNEL CLOUD: TIGHTENED CIRCULATION THAT
DOES NOT TOUCH THE GROUND
TORNADO: FUNNEL REACHES THE GROUND
51. Tornados are ranked according to strength on what
scale?
FUJITA
52. What are the other names for hurricanes and where in
the world are they called that?
TYPHOON: WESTERN PACIFIC (JAPAN AND ASIA)
HURRICANE: USA
CYCLONE: REST OF THE WORLD
53. How are hurricanes named?
ALPHABETICALLY; ALTERNATING GENDER
54. What is the most powerful part of a hurricane?
EYEWALL
55. What is the difference between a tropical depression, a
tropical storm and a hurricane?
WIND SPEED
56. What water temperature is necessary for a hurricane
to form?
810
57. List and describe the 3 main parts of a hurricane.
EYE: CENTER OF THE STORM; AREA OF LOWEST
PRESSURE AND THE CALMEST PLACE IN THE
STORM
EYEWALL: AREA OF HIGHEST WIND SPEEDS AND
HEAVIEST RAIN FALL
RAIN BANDS: THE ORIGINAL THUNDERSTORMS
THAT ARE ORGANIZED INTO BANDS
58. How are hurricanes categorized?
BY WIND SPEED
59. Wind direction always means the direction wind is
__COMING FROM____________________________.
60. Each long flag indicates __10______________kts.
Each half flag indicates _____5____________kts.
61. What unit is pressure measured in?
MILLIBARS
62. How do you decode pressure from a surface plot
symbol?
PUT A DECIMAL BETWEEN THE LAST 2 NUMBERS.
THEN, IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS BETWEEN 0-4 YOU
PUT A 10 IN FRONT: IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS
BETWEEN 5-9, YOU PUT A 9 IN FRONT
EX: CODE SAYS 021; PRESSURE IS 1002.1
63. How is High pressure depicted on a weather map?
H
64. How is Low pressure depicted on a weather map?
L
65. How is cold front depicted on a weather map?
66. How is a warm front depicted on a weather map?
67. What kind of radiation do visible satellites use? What
information can you get from a visible image?
VISIBLE RADIATION
YOU GET CLOUD LOCATION AND DENSITY
68. What kind of radiation do IR satellites use? What
information can you get from an IR image?
IR RADIATION
YOU GET CLOUD TEMPERATURE; THEREFORE
HEIGHT
69. What information does a reflectivity radar image give
you?
STORM LOCATION AND TYPE OF PRECIPITATION
70. What information does a Doppler image give you?
MOVEMENT
71. Low surface pressure is associated with what type of
weather?
CLOUDY
72. High surface pressure is associated with what type of
weather?
CLEAR
73. What are the 3 forces that act on air?
PRESSURE GRADIENT; FRICTION; CORIOLIS
74. Which one initially drives the motion of air?
PRESSURE GRADIENT
75. Define pressure gradient.
CHANGE IN PRESSURE OVER DISTANCE
76. Air flows from ___HIGH_______________________ to
___LOW______________________ pressure.
77. What is the effect of friction?
IT SLOWS DOWN AIR AT THE SURFACE
78. Air moves in what direction around high pressure in
the northern hemisphere?
CLOCKWISE
79. Air moves in what direction around low pressure in
the northern hemisphere?
COUNTERCLOCKWISE
80. What force is a result of the rotation of the earth?
CORIOLIS
81. Which way is air deflected in the Northern
Hemisphere due to this force?
TO THE RIGHT OF WHERE IT IS COMING FROM
82. Which way is air deflected in the Southern
Hemisphere due to this force?
TO THE LEFT OF WHERE IT IS COMING FROM
83. Upper-level winds blow _PARALLEL_______________ to
height lines (such that the __LOWER____________________
are to the left, and the ____HIGHER_____________________
are to the right.
84. The tighter the gradient, the ___FASTER________ the
wind.
85. At what pressure can you find the jet stream?
300MB
86. Dips in the jet stream are known as what?
TROUGHS
87. Bumps in the jet stream are known as what?
RIDGES
88. What kind of weather on the surface is associated with
jet stream troughs aloft?
COOL AND CLOUDY
89. What kind of weather on the surface is associated with
jet stream ridges aloft?
WARM AND CLEAR
90. Surface lows/highs are always located to the
___EAST________________ of upper-level troughs/ridges.